Social & Behavioral Development- Dr. Belnap (FINAL) Flashcards
The three types of behavioral development include:
- Classical
- Operant
- Observational
Pavlov’s dog salivation demonstrated:
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning occurs readily in children- what is an example:
White coat syndrome
Making an office look and feel as little like a pediatrician office or hospital as possible and Making the first visit is a “happy visit” are ways to overcome:
Classical conditions
Operant conditioning is an extension of:
Classical conditioning
In operant conditioning, the consequence of a behavior is itself:
A stimulus that can influence future behavior
According to operant conditioning _____ increases the likelihood of a behavior and _____ decreases the likelihood of behvior
Reinforcement; punishment
In operant conditioning:
Something is added to encourage a behavior
+ reinforcement
In operant conditioning:
Something is removed to encourage behavior
- reinforcement
In operant conditioning:
Something is removed to discourage behavior
- punishment
In operant conditioning:
Something is added to discourage behavior
+ punishment
When the desired behavior is rewarded:
Positive reinforcement
When a desired behavior is rewarded this likelihood of this behavior is:
Increased
When a toy is given to a child for a good behavior:
Positive reinforcement
Noticing & complimenting improved hygiene:
Positive reinforcement
When an unpleasant stimulus is removed as a result of a good behavior:
Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement will ______ the likelihood of the behavior
Increase
Negative reinforcement can go two ways:
- Tantrum gets you out of situation- throw a bigger one enact time
- Appointment time is shorted due to good behavior (may need to help patient recognize the association)
Something is taken away as a result of the behavior:
Negative punishment
Taking away a toy after a tantrum is an example of:
Negative punishment
The punishment is in negative punishment is removal of:
A pleasant stimulus
Behavior results in an unpleasant stimulus being presented:
Positive punishment
Give an example of a positive punishment:
Speeding ticket
What is the most appropriate form of operative conditioning in the dental office?
positive & negative reinforcement
Observational learning is also called:
Modeling
The acquisition of behavior by imitation:
Observational learning
What are the two stages of observational learning?
- Acquisition
- Performance
When would behavior move from the acquisition stage to the performance stage in observational learning (modeling)?
If the model is liked/respected/trusted
The take-home for _____ is to let younger siblings see older sibling behaving & being rewarded for their behavior
Observational learning model
open treatment areas support (in ideal situations):
Observational learning (modeling)
8 stages of man refers to:
Emotional development
Emotional development: 8 stages of man was presented by:
Erik Erikson
8 stages of man concept is associated with _____ but more important & constant is _____
Chronological age; sequence
8 stages of man:
Step 1= Development of basic:
Trust (mistrust)
8 stages of man:
Step 1: development of basic trust (mistrust)
occurs at:
0-18 months
8 stages of man:
-basic trust or lack of is developed
-Child is usually very attached to parent at this stage
-If patient hasn’t developed basic trust, they may be fearful & cooperative
Step ONE: Development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months
In the stage, it is best to treat patient with parent (knee to knee is a good option) & you must be patient & caring with child & try to find clues about parental relationship:
Step ONE: Development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months
8 stages of man: Autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years:
Step two
In this stage:
- terrible twos
-Child finding independence & ability to choose
-if its not their idea, it likely won’t happen
This is step TWO: Autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years
During the autonomy (or shame) stage (step TWO), it is important to:
- Give kids choices
- Still good to have parent present
In the 8 stages of man, step three is the:
Development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years old
In this stage:
-physical activity and motion
-tons of questions & very curious
-important to success-perceived failure is detrimental
Step THREE: Development of initiative (guilt) 3-6 years old
The first dental visit is usually during what period of development (what 8 stage of man)
Development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years
The fourth step of the 8 stages of man is:
Industry/mastry of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old
The stage in which:
-Acquiring academic & social skills which allow them to compete in an environment where those who produce are recognized
-Necessity of working together (teamwork) is realized
-Peers becoming important
-Realistic behavior should be set and met
Step FOUR: Industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years
Step FOUR: Industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years
_____depends on child understanding what is needed to please parents, dentists & peers
Compliance
In this stage, children are not motivated by abstract things like “a better bite”
Step FOUR: Industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years
Step FIVE of the 8 stages of man is:
Step FIVE is development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
In this stage
-Adolescent years
-Realizing one can exist outside the family
-Rejecting parental authority, peer group extremely important
-Motivation is internal or external
Step FIVE is development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
In this stage
-Adolescent years
-Realizing one can exist outside the family
-Rejecting parental authority, peer group extremely important
-Motivation is internal or external
In this stage it is very important that a patient in this age group has an internal desire to undergo any prolonged or involved treatment such as ortho treatment:
Step FIVE is development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years
Desire to improve appearance- sometimes as a result of bullying:
Internal desire
“to get mom off my back”
External desire
Step of 8 stages of man that is characterized by:
-Creating close meaningful relationships
-Ability to sacrifice and compromise for a relationship
Step SIX: Development of intimacy (or isolation) young adult
In this stage:
-some seek esthetic treatment for improved chance at relationship
-Drastic changes in appearance (new look) can possibly interfere with existing relationship as the partner may view the change as altering the relationship
Step SIX: Development of intimacy (or isolation) young adult
Development of intellectual capabilities via assimilation and accommodation
Cognitive efvelopment
Cognitive development is related to:
Age
Cognitive development involves ______ theory
Piaget’s
What are the four stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor (0-2)
- Preoperational (2-7)
- Concrete operational (7-11)
- Formal operations (11+)
Incorporating events within the environment into mental categories
Example: Child sees something fly –> learns its a bird –> everything that flies is a bird
Assimilation
Child changes mental categories to better represent the environment
Example: Learning to distinguish a fly from a bird
Accomodatio n
____ develops as assimilation & accommodation build on one another
Intelligence
In ______ development (0-2 years old):
-Discover reality of objects - they don’t disappear when not being looked at
- Limited ability to project forward or backward
-Usually aren’t treating patients in this age group but can have patients with disabilities that could fall into any stage of development
Sensorimotor development (0-2 years)
In pre-operational period (2-7) incapability of seeing another person’s point of view:
Egocentrism
