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Human Growth & Development > Etiology of Malocclusions- Dr. Retrouvey (FINAL) > Flashcards

Etiology of Malocclusions- Dr. Retrouvey (FINAL) Flashcards

1
Q

Predisposing factors to malocclusion include:

A
  1. Genetics (primary factor)
  2. Functional matrix
  3. Disturbances in embryologic development
  4. Traumas
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2
Q

Primary etiologic sites include:

A
  1. Neuromuscular system
  2. Bone
  3. Teeth
  4. Soft tissues
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3
Q

List diseases associated with the following primary etiologic sites:

  1. Neuromuscular system
  2. Bone
  3. Teeth
  4. Soft tissues
A
  1. Cerebral palsy (results in severe malocclusion)
  2. Osteogenesis Imperfeta (COL1A1 & COL1A2)
  3. Ectodermic dysplasia
  4. Scleroderma
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4
Q

Disturbances in embryologic development may be due to:

A

Teratogens

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5
Q

May interfere with cellular differentiation during pregnancy:

A

Teratogens

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6
Q

Some examples of teratogens include:

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Drugs
  3. Pollution
  4. Poor nutrition
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7
Q

We used to think cleft lip & palate could be due to teratogens but the idea have shifted now to them being due to:

A

Genetics

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8
Q

Most common craniofacial abnormality:

A

Cleft lip & palate

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9
Q

Crouzon syndrome is a type of:

A

Craniostynostosis

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10
Q

Crouzon syndrome (craniostynostosis syndrome) is caused by:

A

Early fusion of sutures

-the lower jaw develops normally
-the orbits close early

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11
Q

Crouzon syndrome is characterized by:

A

1.Bulging eyes
2. Small maxilla

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12
Q

What is a typical treatment for Crouzon syndrome?

A

Distraction osteogenesis

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13
Q

Crouzon syndrome (Craniosynostosis) is purely a ____ disease

A

Bony

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14
Q

Disease characterized by underdevelopment of the midface & eyes that seem to bulge from their sockets

A

Crouzon syndrome

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15
Q

Disease characterized by underdeveloped cheek & jaw bones, a prominent nose, broad mouth & characteristically small chin with steep lower jaw angle:

A

Treacher-Collins

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16
Q

When the maxilla & mandible are both underdeveloped this is considered:

A

Bimaxillary retrusion

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17
Q

In dentistry when you have syndromes, you typically have:

A

Hypodontia (exception Cleidocranial dysplasia)

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18
Q

Disease characterized by:

-delayed closure (ossification) of the space between the bone of the skull (fontanels)
-premature closing of coronal suture
-protruding jaw
-protruding brow bone
-wide nasal bridge due to increased space between the eyes
-high arched palate or possible cleft palate
-short stature
-scoliosis of spine

A

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD)

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19
Q

Describe the mandible of a patient who has CCD:

A

Typically a class III (because of hypertrophic mandible)

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20
Q

Dental abnormalities of CCD patient include:

A

Failure to loose baby teeth & delayed or absent percent teeth, slow eruption of secondary teeth

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21
Q

In osteogenesis imperfecta, the _____ is affected:

A

Dentin

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22
Q

What class of malocclusion is often seen in OI patients?

A

Class III malocclusion (as well as posterior open bite)

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23
Q

-Midline deviation
-asymmetry repercussion on the condyles
-posterior open bite
-lack of chewing capability

These are all characteristic of:

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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24
Q

Type of osteogenesis imperfect that characterized by less bone but still good bone; majority of OI patients

A

Type I

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25
Q

Types of osteogenesis imperfecta characterized by weak bone with lots of fractures; more severe

A

Type III & IV

26
Q

What is one of the most significant aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

27
Q

If one OI member of the family has DI:

A

All the other OI members of that family have DI as well

28
Q

Discuss the prevalence of DI in the following types of OI patients:

Type I:
Type IV:
Type III:

A

Type I= 20%
Type IV= 40-60%
Type III= 100%

29
Q

In what disease discussed is all of the teeth NOT affected in the same manner?

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

30
Q

Down syndrome can be characterized with underdevelopment or hypoplasia of the midface region, meaning:

A

Smaller & retrusive maxilla (contributes to class III malocclusion)

31
Q

Is the maxilla or mandible smaller due to Down syndrome?

A

Maxilla (mandible is normal)

32
Q

The open bite seen in a patient with down syndrome is due to:

A

The large/thick tongue pushing on the teeth, not genetics

33
Q

Condylar are:

A

Growth sites

34
Q

Condition in which one condyle is absent, creating significant malocclusion:

A

Condylar dysplasia

-we see the muscle compensations in this situation to keep patient semi-functional

35
Q

A lot of syndromic patient have significant:

A

Cranial base alterations

36
Q

Position & projection of the upper & lower jaws rely on:

A

Cranial base

37
Q

Types of malocclusion:

30% of people have ____ occlusion

A

Normal occlusion

38
Q

Types of malocclusion:

50-55% of people have ____ occlusion

A

Class I malocclusion

39
Q

Types of malocclusion:

15% of people have ____ occlusion

A

Class II malocclusion

40
Q

Types of malocclusion:

1-4% of people have ____ occlusion

A

Class III malocclusion

41
Q

Malocclusion occurs in ____ dimensions

A

3

42
Q

angle classification of occlusion is based on:

A

AP relationships

43
Q

Retrognathic (overbite)=

A

Class II

44
Q

Prognathic (underbite)=

A

Class III

45
Q

Are most class II malocclusions a result of maxillary prognathism or mandibular retrognathism?

A

Mandibular retrognathism

46
Q

40% of our class two patients are actually:

A

Bimaxillary retrusive

47
Q

Even among the same class of malocclusions, there is:

A

Phenotypic diversity

48
Q

A very common type of class III malocclusion is called characterized by overjet & overbite:

A

Edge-to-edge

-wears down incisors

49
Q

The prevalence of malocclusions depends on the:

A

Population

50
Q

What percent of southeast Asians display a malocclusion?

A

15%

51
Q

What percent of middle easterns display a malocclusion?

A

10%

52
Q

What percent of Indians display malocclusions?

A

~1%

53
Q

What percent of europeans display a malocclusion?

A

1-4%

54
Q

The genetics of class III malocclusions are focused on:

A

Mandibular prognathism

55
Q

Family & twin sides of genetics of class III malocclusions suggest a ____ as a primary cause of class III malocclusions

A

Polygenic model

56
Q

What aspects contribute to the polygenic model, responsible for class III malocclusion?

A

Genes + environment + condylar cartilage

57
Q

What is used to determine the chromosome loci associated with the genetics responsible for class III malocclusion?

A

linkage analysis studies

58
Q

If you catch a class III malocclusion at 8-9 years of age and intervene in the mixed dentition bringing them back to a class I profile, what will result?

A

Some correct nicely, some do not
(unpredictable)

59
Q

Deep bite is a _____ problem:

A

Vertical

60
Q

A unique characteristic to open birds is that sometimes you have a ___ stage in which they can resolve themselves

A

transitory

61
Q

Deep & open bites have _____ etiologies

A

Multifactorial

Human Growth & Development (11 decks)

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