social approach Flashcards
Milgram
what was the aim?
to investigate whether people will obey an authority figure to extreme lengths and administer lethal electric shocks
Milgram
what was the sample and sampling?
40 males
20-50 years old
New Haven area
volunteer sampling
Milgram
what was the method?
controlled observation
Milgram
what was the procedure?
the participant was introduced to the learner (confederate) and told the cover story
there was a real practice shock to the teacher
the teacher was then in a different room and could only hear the learner
if the learner got the question wrong there was a shock which went up each time by 15V
Milgram
what were the quantitive results?
40/40 participants obeyed at 300V
26/40 participants obeyed at 450V
(at 300V there was pounding on the wall and crying)
Milgram
what were the qualitative results?
nervousness
tension
sweating
nail biting
seizures
nervous fits of laughter
Milgram
what was the conclusion?
the level of obedience was completely unexpected
it was thought that a participant would stop or continue as his conscience dictated
this could’ve been down to: setting, worthy purpose, being paid, uniform, proximity and/or culture
Bocchiaro
what was the aim?
who are the people who disobey/whistle-blow
are their characteristics or personality reason for their response
Bocchiaro
what was the sample and sampling?
self-selected - payment €7 or course credits
149 undergraduate students from the VU University of Amsterdam
Bocchiaro
what was the method?
lab
Bocchiaro
what was the porcedure?
Participants were met by a STERN experimenter who informed them of the fake experiment they wanted to carry out. They mentioned how the last time it was conducted all participants panicked and some even asked for it to be stopped but they were prevented from withdrawing. Said to be a frightening experience.
Participants instructed to write a statement to convince students to take part in this experiment not including any negative points and to use the words : EXCITING, GREAT, INCREDIBLE or SUPERB.
Participants were taken into a room with a computer to write statement, a mailbox and ethics committee forms. Experimenter left for 7 minutes.
Taken to first room and were given a set of DISPOSITIONAL MEASURES.
Participants were debriefed and explained about why they had to be deceived and signed a written consent.
Bocchiaro
what were the dispositional measures/tests?
(three)
HEXACO-PI-R personality test
Decomposed games measure of social values
- (to find out whether they were more focused on doing things to benefit themselves or for others)
religiosity
Bocchiaro
what were the predicted results?
3.6% obeyed
64.5% whistle-blew
Bocchiaro
what were the actual results?
74.5% obeyed
9.4% whistle-blew
Bocchiaro
what was the conclusion?
(five)
People are very obedient and whistleblowing is uncommon
people
OVERESTIMATE tendency to whistle blow
Little/no evidence suggesting dispositional factors affect obedience or whistleblowing except for slightly higher whistle-blowing from those who are more religious
We tend to see ourselves as ‘special’ and rate ourselves differently to ‘average people’
The inaccuracy of estimates of behaviour suggests that all scenario-based research lacks validity.
