social and emotional mc Flashcards
Erik Erikson’s industry vs inferiority
ages 6 -11, industrious= skills acquired to complete tasks, inferiority= lack of confidence in own abilities, start to compare skills and abilities with peers and may experience pride or inferiority
Self efficacy
the belief that you are capable of carrying out a specific task or of reaching a specific goal
motivation
a desire, need, or drive that contributes to and explains behavioral
changes
Intrinsically motivated behaviors
performed because of the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring.
Extrinsically motivated behaviors
performed to receive something from others or avoid certain negative outcomes. Rewards, social and emotional incentives like praise and attention are extrinsic
motivators since they are bestowed on the individual by another person.
learned helplessness
develops through low self efficacy, sense of resignation when one believes they can’t control a situation
Family Stress Model
describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed
moods, which in turn lead to marital problems and poor parenting that contributes to poorer child adjustment
economic pressure —> causes distress in parents —> causes inter-parental conflicts —> causes parent-child conflict—> child problems
Singlehood family
contains a person who is not married or in a common law relationship, no children
A single parent family
usually refers to a parent who has most of the day-to-day responsibilities in the raising of the child or children, who are not living with a spouse or partner, or who is not
married
two parent family
the traditional family structure. It includes two married parents and children
Cohabitation
an arrangement where two people who are not married live together in an
intimate relationship, particularly an emotionally and/or sexually intimate one, on a long-term or permanent basis.
same sex parent family
increased numbers, may develop more empathy and tolerance
Blended families
describe families with mixed parents: one or both parents remarried, bringing
children of the former family into the new family
Extended families
include three generations, grandparents, parents, and children.
Families by choice
Popularized by the LGBTQ community to
describe a family not recognized by the legal system. It may include adopted children, live-in partners, kin of each member of the household, and close friends. I
Kinship families
those in which the full-time care, nurturing, and protection of a child is
provided by relatives, members of their Tribe or clan, godparents, stepparents, or other adults
who have a family relationship to a child
adoptive families
When a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person’s biological or legal parent or parents.
decreased amount of healthy babies in the U.S so they resort to adopting out of the country
adopted children have more learning and emotional difficulties
interracial families
When parents are not of the same ethnicity
one child families
20% of U.S families have one child, advantages: increased self esteem/motivation, close parental relationships, disadvantage: decreased acceptance of peers
absence theory
now live with 1 parent rather than 2, divorce
economic disadvantage theory
economic hardships since money isn’t shared, divorce
conflict theory
household hostility, exists prior and during divorce
Short-term consequences shown in children after parents divorce
- Grief over losses suffered. The child will grieve the loss of the parent they no longer see as frequently. The child may also grieve about other family members that are no longer available. Grief sometimes comes in the form of sadness but it can also be experienced as anger or withdrawal. Older children may feel depressed.
- Reduced Standard of Living. Very often, divorce means a change in the amount of
money coming into the household. Children experience new constraints on spending or entertainment. School-aged children, especially, may notice that they can no longer have toys, clothing or other items to which they’ve grown accustomed. Or it may mean that there is less eating out or being able to afford cable television, and so on. The custodial parent may experience stress at not being able to rely on child support payments or having the same level of income as before. This can affect decisions regarding healthcare, vacations, rents, mortgages and other expenditures. And the stress can result in less happiness and relaxation in the home. The parent who has to take on more work may also be less available to the children. - Adjusting to Transitions. Children may also have to adjust to other changes
accompanying a divorce. The divorce might mean moving to a new home and changing
schools or friends. It might mean leaving a neighborhood that has meant a lot to them
as well.
Long-Term consequences of children after parents divorce
- Economic/Occupational Status. One of the most commonly cited long-term effects of divorce is that children of divorce may have lower levels of education or occupational status. This may be a consequence of lower income and resources for funding education rather than to divorce per se. In those households where economic hardship does not occur, there may be no impact on economic status.
- Improved Relationships with the Custodial Parent (usually the mother): Most children of divorce lead happy, well-adjusted lives and develop stronger, positive relationships with their custodial parent. Others have also found that
relationships between mothers and children become closer and stronger and suggest that greater equality and less rigid parenting is beneficial after
divorce. - Greater emotional independence in sons. notes that sons who are raised
by mothers only develop an emotional sensitivity to others that is beneficial in
relationships. - Feeling more anxious in their own love relationships. Children of divorce may feel
more anxious about their own relationships as adults. This may reflect a fear of divorce
if things go wrong, or it may be a result of setting higher expectations for their own
relationships. - Adjustment of the custodial parent, believe that the primary factor influencing the way that children adjust to divorce is the way the custodial parent adjusts to the divorce. If that parent is adjusting well, the children will benefit. This may explain a good deal of the variation we find in children of divorce.
Peer relationships using sociometric techniques
Popular Children: Receive many votes in the “like” category, and very few in the “do not like” category.
Rejected children: Receive more unfavorable votes, and few favorable ones.
Controversial children: Mentioned frequently in each category, with several children liking them and several children placing them in the do not like category.
Neglected children: Rarely mentioned in either category.
Average children: Have a few positive votes with very few negative ones.
peer categories
Popular prosocial children: Are nice and have good social skills; tend to do well in school and are cooperative and friendly.
Popular antisocial children: May gain popularity by acting tough or spreading rumors about others.
Rejected withdrawn children: Are shy and withdrawn and are easy targets for bullies because they are unlikely to retaliate when belittled.
Rejected aggressive children: Are ostracized because they are aggressive, loud, and confrontational. They may be acting out of a feeling of insecurity.
fostering peer acceptance
social skills training, to teach paying attention to peer groups, rehearse skills, communicate, changing family perception
Aggression
may be physical or verbal/emotional. Aggression is activated in large part by the
amygdala and regulated by the prefrontal cortex
antisocial behavior
leads to befriending others who also engage in antisocial behavior, which only perpetuates the downward cycle of aggression and wrongful acts
bullying
unwanted, aggressive behavior
among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. Further, the
aggressive behavior happens more than once or has the potential to be repeated
