social and emotional mc

Question 1

Erik Erikson’s industry vs inferiority

Answer 1

ages 6 -11, industrious= skills acquired to complete tasks, inferiority= lack of confidence in own abilities, start to compare skills and abilities with peers and may experience pride or inferiority

Question 2

Self efficacy

Answer 2

the belief that you are capable of carrying out a specific task or of reaching a specific goal

Question 3

motivation

Answer 3

a desire, need, or drive that contributes to and explains behavioral
changes

Question 4

Intrinsically motivated behaviors

Answer 4

performed because of the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring.

Question 5

Extrinsically motivated behaviors

Answer 5

performed to receive something from others or avoid certain negative outcomes. Rewards, social and emotional incentives like praise and attention are extrinsic
motivators since they are bestowed on the individual by another person.

Question 6

learned helplessness

Answer 6

develops through low self efficacy, sense of resignation when one believes they can’t control a situation

Question 7

Family Stress Model

Answer 7

describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed
moods, which in turn lead to marital problems and poor parenting that contributes to poorer child adjustment

economic pressure —> causes distress in parents —> causes inter-parental conflicts —> causes parent-child conflict—> child problems

Question 8

Singlehood family

Answer 8

contains a person who is not married or in a common law relationship, no children

Question 9

A single parent family

Answer 9

usually refers to a parent who has most of the day-to-day responsibilities in the raising of the child or children, who are not living with a spouse or partner, or who is not
married

Question 10

two parent family

Answer 10

the traditional family structure. It includes two married parents and children

Question 11

Cohabitation

Answer 11

an arrangement where two people who are not married live together in an
intimate relationship, particularly an emotionally and/or sexually intimate one, on a long-term or permanent basis.

Question 12

same sex parent family

Answer 12

increased numbers, may develop more empathy and tolerance

Question 13

Blended families

Answer 13

describe families with mixed parents: one or both parents remarried, bringing
children of the former family into the new family

Question 14

Extended families

Answer 14

include three generations, grandparents, parents, and children.

Question 15

Families by choice

Answer 15

Popularized by the LGBTQ community to
describe a family not recognized by the legal system. It may include adopted children, live-in partners, kin of each member of the household, and close friends. I

Question 16

Kinship families

Answer 16

those in which the full-time care, nurturing, and protection of a child is
provided by relatives, members of their Tribe or clan, godparents, stepparents, or other adults
who have a family relationship to a child

Question 17

adoptive families

Answer 17

When a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person’s biological or legal parent or parents.
decreased amount of healthy babies in the U.S so they resort to adopting out of the country
adopted children have more learning and emotional difficulties

Question 18

interracial families

Answer 18

When parents are not of the same ethnicity

Question 19

one child families

Answer 19

20% of U.S families have one child, advantages: increased self esteem/motivation, close parental relationships, disadvantage: decreased acceptance of peers

Question 20

absence theory

Answer 20

now live with 1 parent rather than 2, divorce

Question 21

economic disadvantage theory

Answer 21

economic hardships since money isn’t shared, divorce

Question 22

conflict theory

Answer 22

household hostility, exists prior and during divorce

Question 23

Short-term consequences shown in children after parents divorce

Answer 23

1. Grief over losses suffered. The child will grieve the loss of the parent they no longer see as frequently. The child may also grieve about other family members that are no longer available. Grief sometimes comes in the form of sadness but it can also be experienced as anger or withdrawal. Older children may feel depressed.
2. Reduced Standard of Living. Very often, divorce means a change in the amount of
   money coming into the household. Children experience new constraints on spending or entertainment. School-aged children, especially, may notice that they can no longer have toys, clothing or other items to which they’ve grown accustomed. Or it may mean that there is less eating out or being able to afford cable television, and so on. The custodial parent may experience stress at not being able to rely on child support payments or having the same level of income as before. This can affect decisions regarding healthcare, vacations, rents, mortgages and other expenditures. And the stress can result in less happiness and relaxation in the home. The parent who has to take on more work may also be less available to the children.
3. Adjusting to Transitions. Children may also have to adjust to other changes
   accompanying a divorce. The divorce might mean moving to a new home and changing
   schools or friends. It might mean leaving a neighborhood that has meant a lot to them
   as well.

Question 24

Long-Term consequences of children after parents divorce

Answer 24

1. Economic/Occupational Status. One of the most commonly cited long-term effects of divorce is that children of divorce may have lower levels of education or occupational status. This may be a consequence of lower income and resources for funding education rather than to divorce per se. In those households where economic hardship does not occur, there may be no impact on economic status.
2. Improved Relationships with the Custodial Parent (usually the mother): Most children of divorce lead happy, well-adjusted lives and develop stronger, positive relationships with their custodial parent. Others have also found that
   relationships between mothers and children become closer and stronger and suggest that greater equality and less rigid parenting is beneficial after
   divorce.
3. Greater emotional independence in sons. notes that sons who are raised
   by mothers only develop an emotional sensitivity to others that is beneficial in
   relationships.
4. Feeling more anxious in their own love relationships. Children of divorce may feel
   more anxious about their own relationships as adults. This may reflect a fear of divorce
   if things go wrong, or it may be a result of setting higher expectations for their own
   relationships.
5. Adjustment of the custodial parent, believe that the primary factor influencing the way that children adjust to divorce is the way the custodial parent adjusts to the divorce. If that parent is adjusting well, the children will benefit. This may explain a good deal of the variation we find in children of divorce.

Question 25

Peer relationships using sociometric techniques

Answer 25

Popular Children: Receive many votes in the “like” category, and very few in the “do not like” category.
Rejected children: Receive more unfavorable votes, and few favorable ones.
Controversial children: Mentioned frequently in each category, with several children liking them and several children placing them in the do not like category.
Neglected children: Rarely mentioned in either category.
Average children: Have a few positive votes with very few negative ones.

Question 26

peer categories

Answer 26

Popular prosocial children: Are nice and have good social skills; tend to do well in school and are cooperative and friendly.
Popular antisocial children: May gain popularity by acting tough or spreading rumors about others.
Rejected withdrawn children: Are shy and withdrawn and are easy targets for bullies because they are unlikely to retaliate when belittled.
Rejected aggressive children: Are ostracized because they are aggressive, loud, and confrontational. They may be acting out of a feeling of insecurity.

Question 27

fostering peer acceptance

Answer 27

social skills training, to teach paying attention to peer groups, rehearse skills, communicate, changing family perception

Question 28

Aggression

Answer 28

may be physical or verbal/emotional. Aggression is activated in large part by the
amygdala and regulated by the prefrontal cortex

Question 29

antisocial behavior

Answer 29

leads to befriending others who also engage in antisocial behavior, which only perpetuates the downward cycle of aggression and wrongful acts

Question 30

bullying

Answer 30

unwanted, aggressive behavior
among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. Further, the
aggressive behavior happens more than once or has the potential to be repeated