physical development in mc Flashcards
adult sized brain at what age
7
between 10 and 12 years of age, what lobe is more developed
frontal lobes in logic, planning, and memory
school-aged child is better able to plan and
coordinate activity using both what
the left and right hemispheres of the brain, which control the development of emotions, physical abilities, and intellectual capabilities
Attention span improves as what matures
the prefrontal cortex
The myelin develops and improves what
the child’s reaction time
from what ages do the nerve cells in the association areas of the brain (sensory, motor, and intellectual functioning) connect, become almost completely myelinated
From age 6 to 12
what part of the brain is responsible for transferring information from the short-term to long-term memory, also shows increases in myelination resulting in
improvements in memory functioning
the hippocampus
T or F: Within this development period, children may struggle with
mental health disorders or other health problems.
true
myelination
fatty insulation growing around azon and speeds up messages
T or F: Children grow physically in isolation
False
T or F: three million children under age eighteen are allergic to at least one type of food.
true
there are some of the most common what , peanuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, and shellfish.
food allergies
This describes what: when a protein in food triggers an immune response, which results in the release of antibodies, histamine, and other defenders that attack
foreign bodies.
how an allergy occurs
Possible symptoms for what include itchy skin, hives, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea.
allergic reaction
T or F: Children can outgrow a food allergy, especially allergies to wheat, milk, eggs, or soy.
true
Anaphylaxis
a life-threatening reaction that results in difficulty breathing, swelling in the
mouth and throat, decreased blood pressure, shock, or even death. Milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, fish, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts are the most likely to trigger this type of response
drug given in an epipen for an anaphylactic shock
epinephrine
does not involve an immune response, is marked by unpleasant symptoms that occur after consuming certain foods.
a food intolerance such as lactose intolerant
lactose intolerance
a result of the small intestine’s inability to produce enough of the enzyme lactase. Symptoms usually affect the gastro-intestinal tract and can include bloating, abdominal pain, gas, nausea, and diarrhea.
Exercise, Physical Fitness, and Sports
Recess is a time for free play and Physical Education (PE) is a structured program that teaches skills, rules, and game
benefits of team sports
This activity promises to help children build social skills, improve
athletically and learn a sense of competition
disadvantages of team sports
the emphasis on competition and
athletic skill can be counterproductive and lead children to grow tired of the game and want to quit.
Children’s participation in sports has been linked to what
Higher levels of satisfaction with family and overall quality of life in children, Improved physical and emotional development, Better academic performance
T or F: gender, poverty, location, ethnicity, and disability can limit opportunities to engage in sports.
True, girls were more likely to have never participated in any type of sport.
which diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in children and is the result of a lack or production of insulin due to an overactive immune system.
type 1
Mental health problems can lead to
school failure, alcohol or other drug abuse, family discord, violence or even suicide.
Social and Emotional Disorders
Phobias
Anxiety
Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome - PTSD
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder –OCD
Depression
Developmental Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD)
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)44
Phobia
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something that can provoke an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situational bound or situational predisposed
panic attack.
Anxiety, internalizing disorders.
persistent or extreme forms of fear and sadness feelings, symptoms primarily involving thoughts and feelings
different types of anxiety
disorders include
Being very afraid when away from parents (separation anxiety)
Having extreme fear about a specific thing or situation, such as dogs, insects, or going to
the doctor (phobias)
Being very afraid of school and other places where there are people (social anxiety)
Being very worried about the future and about bad things happening (general anxiety)
Having repeated episodes of sudden, unexpected, intense fear that come with
symptoms like heart pounding, having trouble breathing, or feeling dizzy, shaky, or
sweaty (panic disorder)
ptsd
post traumatic stress disorder, a third of them will develop it after a traumatic event, experience heightened physiological arousal, diffuse anxiety, survivor guilt, and emotional liability.
For older children, warning signs of problematic adjustment include:
repetitious play reenacting a part of the disaster; preoccupation with danger or expressed concerns about safety; sleep disturbances and irritability; anger outbursts or aggressiveness; excessive worry about family or friends; school avoidance, particularly involving somatic
complaints; behaviors characteristic of younger children; and changes in personality, withdrawal, and loss of interest in activities.
depression
feel sad or uninterested in things that they used to enjoy, or feel helpless or hopeless in situations where they could do something to address the situations, Children who are depressed may complain of feeling sick, refuse to go to school, cling to a parent or caregiver, feel unloved, hopelessness about the future, or worry excessively that a parent may die. Older children and teens may sulk, get into
trouble at school, be negative or grouchy, are irritable, indecisive, have trouble concentrating, or feel misunderstood.
With medication, psychotherapy, or combined treatment, most youth with depression can be
effectively treated
ADHD
Events such as maternal alcohol and tobacco use that affect the development of
the fetal brain can increase the risk for AD/HD. Injuries to the brain from environmental toxins such as lack of iron have also been implicated.
symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
ADHD three presentations
Combined Presentation: if enough symptoms of both criteria inattention and
hyperactivity-impulsivity were present for the past 6 months
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: if enough symptoms of inattention, but not
hyperactivity-impulsivity, were present for the past six months
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: if enough symptoms of
hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not inattention, were present for the past six months.
treatment for ADHD
medication (methylphenidate (Ritalin), D-amphetamine which are stimulants that affect the level of the neurotransmitter dopamine at the synapse), and other amphetamines, behavioral interventions, and nutritional interventions
