Infant cognitive development

Question 1

piaget’s theory

Answer 1

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal

Question 2

sensorimotor

Answer 2

first stage, 0-2 years, 6 substages

Question 3

vygotsky’s socialcultural theory

Answer 3

cognitive development occurs when interacting with others

Question 4

language development stages

Answer 4

intentional vocalization (cooing, vowels), babbling (consonants and vowels), understanding, holophrastic speech, under extensions, first word, vocab growth spurt, telegraphic speech

Question 5

holophrastic

Answer 5

word expressions when saying first words, “ju” for juice

Question 6

underextention

Answer 6

a word is only that word for under certain category, “doggy” for just the neighbors dog but not other dogs

Question 7

first word and cultural differences

Answer 7

nouns in English, verbs in Chinese, influenced by emphasis on object in culture

Question 8

telegraphic speech

Answer 8

two word sentences, “doggie pretty”

Question 9

child directed speech

Answer 9

baby talk

Question 10

theories of language development

Answer 10

Chomsky language acquisition, social pragmatics

Question 11

chomsky language acquisition

Answer 11

infants equipped with neurological construct of language, universal language

Question 12

social pragmatics

Answer 12

info, terms, and imitates speech to communicate

Question 13

two theories of cognitive development

Answer 13

classical and operant conditioning

Question 14

classical conditioning

Answer 14

learning through association, cs related to ucs to produce cr, ucr stems from ucs from the start

Question 15

pavlovs study

Answer 15

ucr= salivation, usc= sight of food, cs=bell, cr=salivation after bell

Question 16

operant conditioning

Answer 16

learning through behavior

Question 17

shaping

Answer 17

training a behavior

Question 18

positive reinforcement

Answer 18

adding to encourage (adding alarm to wake up)

Question 19

negative reinforcement

Answer 19

removing to encourage (turning off alarm to get up)

Question 20

positive punishment

Answer 20

adding to decrease behavior (scolding child for doing something wrong)

Question 21

negative punishment

Answer 21

removing to decrease behavior (turning off alarm for it to not be loud)

Question 22

reinforcers

Answer 22

encourages behavior

Question 23

punishments

Answer 23

decreases behavior

Question 24

behaviorism

Answer 24

by watson, little albert experiment where a rat was shown at first not being scared to albert but everytime before showing albert the rat, a loud noise occured, at the end albert was scared of the rat because of the loud noise

Question 25

social learning theory

Answer 25

actions learned through observation and imitation, bobo doll experiment

Question 26

long term memory

Answer 26

final stage of memory, infinite capacity, must refer to info when performing task, broken into implicit and explicit

Question 27

explicit memory

Answer 27

facts, semantic memory (episodic memory)

Question 28

implicit memory

Answer 28

procedures, how to tie shoe

Question 29

short term memory storage

Answer 29

short duration to hold info, if info is forgotten after encoding it won’t go into short term memory, capacity is 7 items plus or minus two

Question 30

long term memory storage

Answer 30

holds semantic infor for long time, needs to be recalled

Question 31

anterograde amnesia

Answer 31

can’t store new memories

Question 32

retrograde amnesia

Answer 32

can’t retrieve old memories