SOCI 1010 Ch 01 Intro to Soc

Question 1

antipositivism

Answer 1

the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values

Question 2

sociology

Answer 2

the systematic study of society and social interaction

Question 3

society

Answer 3

a group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture

Question 4

micro-level

Answer 4

wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society

Question 5

macro-level theories

Answer 5

the study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups

Question 6

culture

Answer 6

a group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs

Question 7

sociological imagination

Answer 7

the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular

Question 8

reification

Answer 8

an error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

Question 9

cultural pattern

Answer 9

refers to a recurring and shared set of behaviors, beliefs, and values that are prevalent within a particular society, (essentially describing the common ways people within a culture tend to act and think across different situations; it’s a recognizable pattern of cultural traits that can be observed across individuals within a community)

Question 10

social facts

Answer 10

the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

Question 11

figuration

Answer 11

the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

Question 12

the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

Answer 12

patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

Question 13

Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857)

Question 14

positivism

Answer 14

the scientific study of social patterns

Question 15

Harriet Martineau (1802 – 1876)

Question 16

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Question 17

Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)

Question 18

Georg Simmel (1858–1918)

Question 19

anti-positivism

Answer 19

the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values

Question 20

Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)

Question 21

Max Weber (1864–1920)

Question 22

verstehen

Answer 22

a German word that means to understand in a deep way

Question 23

anti-positivism

Answer 23

the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values

Question 24

qualitative sociology

Answer 24

in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data

Question 25

quantitative sociology

Answer 25

statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants

Question 26

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)

Question 27

Thorstein Veblen (1857 – 1929)

Question 28

Jane Addams (1860-1935)

Question 29

Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)

Question 30

George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)

Question 31

significant others

Answer 31

specific individuals that impact a person’s life

Question 32

generalized others

Answer 32

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

Question 33

hypothesis

Answer 33

a testable proposition

Question 34

social solidarity

Answer 34

the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

Question 35

grand theories

Answer 35

an attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

Question 36

paradigms

Answer 36

philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

Question 37

functionalism

Answer 37

a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society

Question 38

social institutions

Answer 38

patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

Question 39

function

Answer 39

the part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity

Question 40

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 40

a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

Question 41

manifest functions

Answer 41

sought consequences of a social process

Question 42

latent functions

Answer 42

the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

Question 43

dysfunctions

Answer 43

social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Question 44

conflict theory

Answer 44

a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources

Question 45

critical theory

Answer 45

refers to a theoretical approach that aims to critically analyze and challenge existing power structures within society, (often by uncovering underlying assumptions and inequalities, with the goal of promoting social change and emancipation, drawing heavily from Marxist thought and primarily associated with the Frankfurt School of philosophy; it focuses on understanding how social structures and cultural norms contribute to oppression and seeks to dismantle them through critique and social action)

Question 46

dramaturgical analysis

Answer 46

a technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance

Question 47

constructivism

Answer 47

an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be

Question 48

What concepts are central to sociology? (Obj. 1.1.1)

Question 49

How have different sociological perspectives have developed? (Obj. 1.1.2)

Question 50

Why did sociology emerge when it did? (Obj. 1.2.1)

Question 51

How did sociology become a separate academic discipline? (Obj. 1.2.2)

Question 52

In what ways are sociological theories used to explain social institutions? (Obj. 1.3.1)

Question 53

What are the differentiations between functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism? (Obj. 1.3.2)

Question 54

Why is it worthwhile to study sociology? (obj. 1.4.1)