PSYC 2015 Ch 14.1 Concepts of Mental Illness Flashcards
family resemblance view (of mental disorder)
in studies of categorization, the idea that a set of instances may form a category or give rise to a concept even though there is no single attribute common to all the instances
demonic model
view of mental disorder in which behaving oddly, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body
medical model
view of mental disorder as a result of a physical disorder requiring medical treatment
asylum
institution for people with mental disorders created in the 15th century
Phillippe Pinel (1745-1826)
French physician; a pioneer of modern psychiatry; contributions: moral treatment ; classification of mental illness; clinical trials (one of the first large-scale trials in psychiatry); diagnosis (concept); abandonment of inhumane practices
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
American educator, social reformer, and humanitarian; creation of state hospitals for the mentally ill; training and staffing of personnel to deal with mentally ill patients
Moral treatment
approach to mental disorder calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental disorder
chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
antipsychotic; 1950s; use leads to deinstitutionalization
culture bound
describing attitudes, practices, or behaviors that are the products of a particular culture and that are not widely found in other cultures; certain conditions are specific to certain societies (Kleinmann, 1988; Simon & Hughes, 1986)
body integrity identity disorder (BIID)
a rare disorder characterized by a person’s belief that their body is marred by the presence of a particular (although healthy) body part, usually an arm or leg
social contagion
the spread of behaviors, attitudes, and affect through crowds and other types of social aggregates from one member to another. Early analyses of social contagion suggested that it resulted from the heightened suggestibility of members and likened the process to the spread of contagious diseases. Subsequent studies suggest that social contagion is sustained by relatively mundane interpersonal processes, such as imitation, conformity, universality, and mimicry.
Jane Murphy (1976)
psychiatric epidemiologist and professor; pioneered promoting population mental health research; universality: Yorubas and Inuits had conceptions of schizophrenia, alcoholism, and psychopathic personality
DSM
diagnostic system containing the APA criteria for mental disorders
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
a classification system for all health conditions, including mental and behavioral disorders, that is used globally
prevalence
percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder