PNUR 1001 04 Integumentary System Flashcards
epidermis
thin outer layer that is constructed mostly of nonliving, keratinized (hardened) cells;
waterproof and provides protection for the deeper layers
basement membrane
where new, living epidermal cells are produced
subcutaneous layer
contains fat tissue, deeper blood vessels, nerves, the lower part of hair follicles, elastin, and collagen;
provides insulation for deeper structures
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
oil glands; secrete sebum
sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
skin
organ;
major fxns: protection and temperature regulation
laceration
a cut or tear in the flesh
abrasion
an area when skin or mucous membranes are scraped away
edema
swelling
erythema
redness
leukocytes
white blood cells
melanocytes
pigment-producing skin cells
reflex
a protective response that happens so quickly you don’t have time to think about it
hair shaft
part of the hair that you can see
hair follicle
the part of hair buried in the skin; contains the root
nailbed
a layer of epithelial tissue; nails grow over
lunula
area at the base of the nail where new growth occurs; sometimes called the half-moon
adip/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
fat
(adipoid: resembling fat)
lip/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
fat
(lipoma: tumor of fat)
bas/o
base
(basal: pertaining to the base)
cutane/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
skin
(cutaneous: pertaining to the skin)
derm/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
skin
(dermoplasty: surgical repair of the skin)
dermat/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
skin
(dermatologist: specialist in the study of skin)
cyt/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
cell
(cytology: study of cells)
eti/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
cause
(etiology: study of causes)
hidr/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
sweat
hidrosis: abnormal condition of sweat
hydr/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
water
hydrotherapy: water therapy
idi/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
unknown; peculiar
idiopathic: pertaining to an unknown cause
kerat/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
horn-like tissue; cornea
keratinization: process of keratin formation
morph/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
shape
morphology: study of shapes
myc/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
fungus
mycosis: abnormal condition of fungus
necr/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
dead
necrosis: abnormal condition of dead (tissue)
onych/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
nail
onychomalacia: softening of the nail
path/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
disease
pathologist: specialist in the study of disease
pil/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
hair
depilous: absence of hair
trich/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
hair
trichopathy: disease of the hair
rhytid/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
wrinkle
rhytidectomy: surgical removal of wrinkles
scler/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
hardening
sclerosis: abnormal condition of hardening
seb/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
sebum
seborrhea: flow or discharge of sebum
son/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
sound
sonogram: record of sound
xer/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
dry
xeroderma: dry skin
albin/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
white
albinism: condition of whiteness
leuk/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
white
leukorrhea: white flow or discharge
chromat/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
color
chromatic: pertaining to color
cirrh/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
yellow
cirrhosis: abnormal condition of yellowness
xanth/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
yellow
xanthoderma: yellow skin
cyan/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
blue
cyanosis: abnormal condition of blueness
erythem/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
red
erythematous: pertaining to redness
erythr/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
red
erythrocyte: red (blood) cell
melan/o
(meaning; example; meaning of example)
black
melanoma: black tumor
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
(abbreviation)
Bx, bx
biopsy
(abbreviation)
C&S
culture and sensitivity
(abbreviation)
decub
decubitus ulcer (pressure ulcer)
(abbreviation)
derm
dermatology
(abbreviation)
FH
family history
(abbreviation)
Hx
history
(abbreviation)
I&D
incision and drainage
(abbreviation)
ID
intradermal (injection)
(abbreviation)
IP
ice pack
(abbreviation)
MHP
moist hot pack
(abbreviation)
IV
intravenous
(abbreviation)
MM
malignant melanoma
(abbreviation)
OTC
over the counter
(abbreviation)
PE
physical examination
(abbreviation)
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
(abbreviation)
STM
soft tissue mobilization (massage)
(abbreviation)
SubQ, Sub-Q
subcutaneous
(abbreviation)
Sx
symptoms
(abbreviation)
Tx
treatment
(abbreviation)
ung
ointment
(abbreviation)
abrasion
scraping away of skin or mucous membranes
acne
disease of the sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules
actinic keratosis
(also, solar keratosis) precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on* sun-exposed areas*
alopecia
autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair
-alopecia areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp
-alopecia totalis causes total scalp hair loss
-alopecia universalis causes total body hair loss
basal cell carcinoma
common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed
bulla
large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid
burn
type of thermal injury to the skin cause by a heat source; classified according to severity
-first-degree: superficial
-second-degree: partial thickness
-third-degree: full thickness
callus
thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction
carbuncle
very large furuncle or cluster of connect furuncles
cellulitis
potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever
comedo
blackhead
cyst
fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin
decubitus ulcer
area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also pressure ulcer or bedsore
ecchymosis
aka contusion: discoloration of the skin, bruise
eczema
inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters
epidermoid cyst
small sac or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance; appears pale white or yellow but can be darker in dark-skinned people
fissure
small, cracklike break in the skin
frostbite
injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze
furuncle
(boil) infection of a hair follicle and nearby tissue; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland
impetigo
highly contagious infection of the epidermis caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria;
marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted or pustular lesions; common in children
incision
surgical cut in the flesh
laceration
cut or tear in the flesh
Lyme disease
bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks;
resulting skin lesions are marked by erythema chronicum migrans (a red, circular rash that slowly expands);
untreated disease causes multisystem symptoms
macule
flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle
malignant melanoma
aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various-colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter
melasma
development of irregular areas of darker-pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip;
pregnant women may develop darkening of their skin, especially in their face, which is called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy
papule
small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole
paronychia
acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, pus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness;
causes the nail to become discolored and thickened
pediculosis
infestation of head, body, or pubic lice,
marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts
petechiae
(singular petechia) tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots
psoriasis
chronic, inflammatory skin disorder
marked by the development of silvery-white plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath
puncture
hole or wound made by a sharp, pointed structure
pustule
small, pus-filled blister
rosacea
chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by Scarcoptes scabiei, the itch mite with
symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds at the wrist and elbows, between the fingers, under the arm, in the groin, and under the beltline
scales
area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky
sebaceous cyst
small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semi-solid oily substance called sebum
seborrheic keratosis
benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin growths of various colors with a warty, waxy, “stuck-on” appearance
squamous cell carcinoma
type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs or vagina and uterine cervix,
marked by a firm, red nodule or a scaly appearance; may ulcerate
tinea
fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body (also, dermatophytosis or ringworm); forms include
-tinea capitis (scalp)
-tinea corporis (trunk)
-tinea cruris (genital area; also called jock itch)
-tinea nodosa (mustache and beard)
-tinea pedis (feet; also called athlete’s foot)
-tinea unguium (nails)
ulcer
lesion of the skin or mucous membranes,
marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues
urticaria
(hives)
itchy wheals on the skin that result from an allergic reaction; can be a reaction to medications such as penicillin or aspirin or to foods such as shellfish and nuts
vesicle
clear. fluid-filled blister
vitiligo
chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks
wart
small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of HPV;
appearance varies from tiny to moderate-sized bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths
wheal
rounded, temporary elevation of the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery and accompanied by itching
ABCDE signs of skin cancer
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
biopsy
removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination
cryosurgery
use of liquid nitrogen to burn abnormal tissues by freezing;
commonly used for warts
cauterization
destruction of abnormal tissues by heat, cold, or electricity;
typically used to destroy skin tags
incision and drainage
(I&D)
common surgical procedure to remove pus or fluid from an abscess;
typically performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia
skin prick test
(puncture or scratch test)
involves pricking a patient’s forearm with different types of substances to observe for allergic reactions
Botox
(botulinum toxin)
an injection into selected muscles of the face that interferes with muscle contraction, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles
chemical peel
application of a chemical solution to the skin to improve appearance by removing blemishes, fine wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, scars, and tattoos
dermabrasion
removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a wire brush or burr impregnated with diamond particles, leaving a smoother surface
dermaplaning
removal of small scars, nevi (moles), tattoos, or fine wrinkles with a dermatome (a device resembling an electric razor), leaving a smoother surface
laser-resurfacing
(laser peel)
use of short pulses of light to remove fine lines and damaged skin and to minimize scars and even out areas of uneven pigmentation
microdermabrasion
like dermabrasion but less invasive, involving multiple treatments of gentle abrasion;
useful in reducing fine lines, nevi (moles), age spots, and acne scars
