Soc Dev: TRENDS, ISSUES, AND CHALLENGES WITHIN THE HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK Flashcards
“As if “villagers” could not develop themselves… this ________ of the deprived population… is the primary reason why development activities don’t
take root in the life of the community.” Majid Rahnema Iran (1984) in Smillie, 2001
INFANTILIZATION
CHE HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: INNER CIRCLE
HUMAN SYSTEMS: Individual, Family, Community
PROVIDES: Stewardship
ENVIRONMENT: Biological, Physical, social, Cultural, Political, Economic technological
PROVIDES: Provision
CHE HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: OUTER CIRCLE
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
DEVELOPED HUMAN POTENTIALS
EMPOWERED ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
Dyball & Newell 2015 Understanding
Human Ecology Figure 7.5
HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: INNER CIRCLE
STATE OF COMMUNITY:
HEALTH EFFECTS
SOCIAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
CO-EFFECTS
Dyball & Newell 2015 Understanding
Human Ecology Figure 7.5
HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: OUTER CIRCLE
STATE OF HUMAN HEALTH & WELLBEING
STATE OF CULTURAL PARADIGMS
STATE OF ECOSYSTEM
COMMON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
- Poverty
- Social exclusion and injustice
- Apathy / non-participation of people
- Sustainability issues
a general state of DEPRIVATION which has more to do with ENTITLEMENT and CAPACITY than merely income or nutritional level (Sen, 2000)
POVERTY
FILIPINO CYCLE OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL FAILURE (After Carkhuff 1972 in Ortigas 2000)
INNER CIRCLE (clockwise)
Socioeconomic Deprivation
Frustration
Assertion
Aggression
Explosion
FILIPINO CYCLE OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL FAILURE (After Carkhuff 1972 in Ortigas 2000)
OUTER FACTORS
- Official Inaction (Assertion)
- Repression by Power Structures (between aggression and explosion)
- Repression by Power Structures (explosion)
addresses the SYMPTOM/S without looking into conditions that promotes or increases poverty
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
addresses the ROOT CAUSES or conditions and develop sustainable means to address poverty
(Source: Habito, C., 2007)
POVERTY REDUCTION
A state in which individuals are unable to participate fully in economic, social, political and cultural life as well as the process leading to and sustaining such a state
Key aspects are LACK of PARTICIPATION in political
processes, civic life and the labour market
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
WHO ARE SOCIALLY EXCLUDED?
Socially Excluded WOMEN: Violence against women, gender discrimination, triple burden
Social Excluded CHILDREN: Malnutrition, child mortality, lack of access to education
Social Excluded URBAN POOR / RURAL POOR: Lack of access to basic services, inadequate resources
Socially Excluded INDIGENOUS PEOPLE: Ancestral land issues, discrimination, culture being wiped out
(Source, Hollsteiner, 2000)
Magna Carta of the Poor: Under RA ____, Section ____
RA 11291, Section 3a
MAGNA CARTA OF THE POOR
Who are the marginalized?
Farmer-peasants
Fisherfolk
Workers in the formal sector including migrant
workers
Workers in the informal sector
Indigenous people and cultural communities
Women
PWDs
Senior citizens
Victims of calamities/natural and human-induced
disasters
Youth
Students
Children
Urban poor
“A human group that feels permanently excluded from the bare necessities of existence, preyed on by the market and by modernity, will finally turn upon its predators, resorting to varied forms of treatment ranging from DELINQUENCY to terrorist FANATICISM”
DE RIVERO 2001
is ‘the process by which citizens are able to
actively EXERCISE INFLUENCE over significant DECISIONS at different levels regarding societal goals and allocation of resources and therefore the community’s quality of life’ (Hooyman, 1981)
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
real OBJECTIVE is to enable powerholders to “EDUCATE”
or “CURE” the participants
NON-PARTICIPATION
allow HAVE-NOTES to HEAR and to have a VOICE but they LACK POWER to ensure these will be heeded
INFORMING and CONSULTATION:
ground rules allow have-nots to ADVISE ONLY
PLACATION
enables have-nots to NEGOTIATE and engage in TRADE-OFFS
PARTNERSHIP
have-not citizens obtain the MAJORITY of DECISION-MAKING SEATS, or full managerial power
DELEGATED POWER AND CITIZEN CONTROL
ARNSTEIN’S LADDER OF PARTICIPATION
3 MAJOR PARTS: TOP TO BOTTOM
CITIZEN POWER
TOKENISM
NONPARTICIPATION
ARNSTEIN’S LADDER OF PARTICIPATION: CITIZEN POWER
CITIZEN CONTROL
DELEGATED POWER
PARTNERSHIP
ARNSTEIN’S LADDER OF PARTICIPATION: TOKENISM
PLACATION
CONSULTATION
INFORMING
ARNSTEIN’S LADDER OF PARTICIPATION: NONPARTICIPATION
THERAPHY
MANIPULATION
Obstacles to Citizen’s Participation (Hooyman, 1981)
INTERNAL: Belief System, Resources
INTERPERSONAL: Expectations of Others, Power Relations
EXTERNAL: Bureaucracy, Top-down Development that views citizens as merely recipients, opinion leaders, paraprofessional staff or advisor
process of conversations and reflection
DIALOGUE
foster a space of safety and respect (Jane Vela, 2008)
DIALOGUE EDUCATION
- Both learners engage in ongoing dialogue and bring and share knowledge with one another (Freire, 1998)
- Understand the social phenomenon, name the world, question reality, act on them and challenge dehumanizing structures
LEARNING TOGETHER
_______ -> STRONGER TOGETHER
SYNERGY
__________ ->
CONFRONTATIONAL,
NEGOTIATION/ADVOCATE,
PARTNERSHIP/COLLABORATION,
CO-PRODUCTION
STRATEGY
also pertains to the continuity of development programs and sustaining the gains after the project has ended, funding has ceased, or donors or external agents have already left”
SUSTAINABILITY
“The Earth could provide for all human needs, but not for all human greed.”
The Common Future
” Top 10 Government Departments with the biggest national budget 2023”
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
PRIORITIZATION MATRIX
low l urgency l high
high ; 2 (Do NEXT) ; 1 (Do NOW)
——–importance———-
low ; 4 (Do NEVER) ; 3 (Do LAST)
POLICY
- SUCCESS INDICATOR
- MONITORING AND EVALUATION TOOL
- IMPACT INDICATOR
ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION
3 parts according to “When helping hurts”
- Relief
- Rehabilitation
- Development
“THINKING is the place where intelligent actions begin. We pause long enough to look more carefully at a situation, to see more of its character, to think about WHY it’s happening, to notice HOW it’s affecting us and others”
NEED FOR THEORY OF CHANGE THINKING
(Margaret Wheatley, 2001)
“We live on a human-dominated planet, putting
unprecedented pressure on the systems on Earth…It’s also good news, because the PLANETARY RISKS WE’RE FACING ARE SO LARGE, that bBUSINESS AS USUAL IS NOT AN OPTION. In fact, we’re in a phase where transformative change is necessary, which opens the WINDOW FOR INNOVATION, FOR NEW IDEAS AND NEW PARADIGMS. This is a scientific journey on the challenges facing humanity in the global phase of sustainability.”
- Rockstrom, J.