INTRODUCTION TO SOCAIL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
meaning and nature of development
History of Development
Aristotle -> St. Augustine -> industrialization -> western societies
argued that “humanity started out with savage hordes ignorant of property rights and capable only of satisfying limited needs; it then passed through inferior
civilizations such as those of India or Egypt, and eventually reached the higher civilization characterized by industrial production that allows a great variety of needs to be met. As to societies on the margins of this process: ‘EITHER THEY WILL BECOME CIVILIZED OR THEY WILL BE DESTROYED. Nothing can hold out against civilization and the powers of industry. The only animal species to survive will be
those that industry multiplies.” (Cours complet d’économie politique [1828], Brussels: Société typographique belge, 1843, Part one, ch. XIII, p. 74)
Jean-Baptiste Say (1767–1832)
“tried to show that all nations have passed through a
THEOLOGICAL and then a METAPHYSICAL stage, before reaching the ‘POSITIVE state’ where science triumphs on the basis of facts verified by experience.” (System of Positive Polity [1854], vol. 1, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1875, pp. 83–4.)
Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
“reread history and found in its laws ‘winning their way
through and working themselves out with iron necessity’; the sequence from feudalism to bourgeois capitalism, leading with equal certainty to communist society,
appeared in this light. : ‘the development of the economic formation of society is viewed as a PROCESS OF NATURAL HISTORY.” (‘Preface to the First edition’ [1867], Capital Volume 1 , Harmondsworth: Pelican/New Left review, 1976, p. 91)
Karl Marx (1818–1883)
one of the founders of American anthropology,
“proposed a scientific explanation of history according to which all societies passed from savagery to barbarism before attaining civilization. Today’s savage is thus ‘our
contemporary ancestor’. Unlike Rousseau, who made the state of nature the locus of authenticity, he regarded ‘PRIMITIVENESS’ as a MOMENT OF INCOMPLETION.” (Archaic Society, London: Macmillan & Co., 1877, p. vii.)
Lewis Morgan (1818–1881)
Who created the 4 dimensions of development
BELLU
DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Economic Development
Human Development
Sustainable Development
Territorial Development
Development is the capacity of a national economy whose initial economic condition has been more or less static for a long time, to generate and sustain an annual increase In its gross national product at the rates of perhaps 5- 7 percent or more.
Economic systems evolve through subsequent disequilibria due to agents which Introduce innovations, more than “developing” according to a predetermined path (Shumpeter, 1911).
The endogenous growth model highlight how investment and human activities in general have positive
“spillover” effects on knowledge (Romer, 1986).
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
GNI (GROSS NATIONAL INCOME)
GNP (GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT)
is the total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses. It is used to measure and track a nation’s wealth from year to year (Investopedia.com)
GNI (GROSS NATIONAL INCOME)
is a measure of the value of all goods and services produced by a country’s residents and businesses.
GNP (GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT)
is total market value of the goods and services produced by a country’s economy during a specified period of time. It includes all final goods and services—that is, those that are produced by the economic agents located in that country regardless of their ownership and that are not resold in any form. It is used throughout the world as the main measure of output and economic
activity.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
balance between SOCIAL FOUNDATION and ECOLOGICAL CEILING, a safe and just space for humanity
DOUGHNUT ECONOMY
12 INNER PARTS OF HUMAN NEEDS
water
food
health
education
income and work
peace and justice
energy
networks
housing
gender equality
social equity
political voice
9 OUTER PARTS OF HUMAN BOUNDARIES
Climate On A Big Land From Nature’s Charming Ocean.
climate change
ozone layer depletion
air pollution
biodiversity loss
Land conversion
freshwater withdrawal
nitrogen and phosphorus loading
chemical pollution
ocean acidification
“Knowledge is not only fundamental to economic growth, but an end per se, as it generates empowerment, self-reliance and a general improvement in community and social relationships”
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Concept of UNDP’s Human Development based on three criteria
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
3 CRITERIA’S OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
1) Long and healthy life (Life expectancy at birth)
2) Knowledge (mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling)
3) Decent standard of living (gross income per capita at purchasing parity)
Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs (Bruntland, 1987).
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
3 PILARS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ECONOMIC
Implies focusing on the assets of the territory, its potential and constraints (FAO, 2005)
TERRITORIAL
Vision of Filipinos for Self
“In 2040, all Filipinos will enjoy a stable and comfortable lifestyle, secure in the knowledge that we have enough for our daily needs and unexpected expenses, that we
can plan and prepare for our own and our children’s futures. Our families live together In a place of our own, yet we have the freedom to go where we desire, protected and enabled by a clean, efficient, and fair government.”
Vision of Filipinos for Country
“By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor. Our peoples will enjoy long and healthy lives, are smart and innovative, and will live in a high-trust society”
AMBISYON 2040
