approaches to social development Flashcards
harmonizes the ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and other dimensions of the DEVELOPMENT PROCESS and stresses the importance of social INVESTMENT and fosters people’s PARTICIPATION in projects and programmes (Midgley, 2013, p. 107)
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
6 TYPES OF PERSPECTIVES
LEGCES
Livelihood perspective
Enterprise perspective
Gender perspective
Community participatory perspective
Environmental or sustainable development perspective
Statist perspective
TYPES OF APPROACH
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH
SOCIAL SERVICES APPROACH
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH
Introduced by ___ _____ _____ in ____ during the WORLD EMPLOYMENT CONFERENCE
International Labour organization (ILO) ; 1976
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH: RATIONALE
RAISE the ________ ______OF LIVING of the masses of poor people as RAPIDLY as FEASIBLE and to provide all human beings with the opportunity to DEVELOP their _____ _____ (Streeten and Burki, 1978 in Wong, 2012)
SUSTAINABLE LEVEL
FULL POTENTIAL
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH: CENTRAL NOTION
identify a BUNDLE of _____ _____ (or bundle of COMMODITIES) and assess whether the population has adequate ______ to it (i.e., for households = food, shelter, clothing, household equipment / for community = safe drinking water, sanitation, public transpo, health, education and cultural facilities)
BASIC CONSUMPTION ; ACCESS
BASIC NEEDS APPROACH (BNA) EXAMPLE:
a condition of lacking resources necessary to acquire a
nutritionally adequate diet set at 2,100 kcal per capita per day. (Greer and Thorbacke, 1986).
FOOD INTAKE APPROACH/ FOOD POVERTY
CRITICISMS OF THE BASIC NEEDS APPROACH
FAIR UF
FIXED BUNDLE ignores individual choice: Limited attention to varying needs (like shelter and education), especially if food is the only poverty metric.
ARBITRARILY decided consumption bundle: Determined by a few professionals, lacking broader input.
IGNORES HIERARCHY OF NEEDS: Fails to account for different levels or prioritization of needs among individuals.
REALITY OF FLUCTUATING PRICES dismissed: Assumes stable prices, despite market unpredictability.
UNIVERSAL NEEDS APPROACH assumption: Assumes all goods in the bundle are needed equally, overlooking changes in individual priorities over time.
FOCUS ON MATERIALISM: Too centered on physical needs and material deprivation, without addressing other aspects of well-being.
Based on the Philippine Development Plan:
SOCIAL SERVICES APPROACH
SOCIAL SERVICES APPROACH
Provides access of Filipinos to _____ BASIC SOCIAL SERVICE delivery in education, training and culture; health and nutrition; population and development; housing; social protection; and asset reform
QUALITY
SOCIAL SERVICES APPROACH
Focuses on ensuring an _______ POLICY ENVIRONMENT for ________ GROWTH, poverty reduction, convergence of service delivery, maximized synergies and ACTIVE MULTISTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
ENABLING ; INCLUSIVE
PRIORITY strategies for social services approach
SUSTAIN PAD –
- strengthening CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION, basic sector involvement, and public-private partnerships (PPP)
- universal coverage in HEALTH and basic EDUCATION
- SOCIAL PROTECTION programs CONVERGING for priority beneficiaries and target areas
- transfer of CONDITIONAL CASH (CCT) to support the poor
- accelerating ASSET REFORM
- incorporating CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION and DISASTER RISK REDUCTION into social development
- Nurturing COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT (CDD) approach
- promoting VOLUNTERISM
- advancing GENDER and DEVELOPMENT in all sectors
- DEVELOPING and enhancing the COMPETENCE of BUREOCRACY and INSTITUTIONS
creates conditions of economic and social progress for the whole community with the active participation
of and largely upon the INITIATIVE OF THE COMMUNITY
(Source: Social Development: Philippine Approach, 1980)
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
community development approach
APPEALS of the approach include:
GADS
- GUIDS SELF-HELP and RECOGNIZES LABOR contribution of local people on projects (i.e., counterparting)
- ASSURANCE on the ALLOCATION of SUFFICIENT RESOURCES to these efforts at the grassroots level
- DEMOCRATIZATION and DECENTRALIZATION of the POLITICAL PROCESS
- SELF-HELP based PROGRAMS
KALAHI-CIDSS (Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services)
A way of doing things
WAY/PROCESS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION involving local prioritization & allocation of public resources, planning & implementation of development activities
TRANSPARENCY, access to info: community reporting & announcement of info (i.e., KC grievance redress system accessible to citizens in the barangay & general public
PARTICIPATION in BA meetings/inter-barangay forum
DECISION-MAKING= inclusive and participatory
