Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SDS > Reyes' article (2001) on Four Main Theories of Development > Flashcards

Reyes' article (2001) on Four Main Theories of Development Flashcards

1
Q

A social condition where a nation’s population’s NEEDS ARE MET SUSTAINABLY, respecting culture, and providing access to essential services like education, health, and employment.

A

DEVELOPMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Emerged post-World War II due to:
- Rise of the U.S. as a superpower.
- Spread of communism from the Soviet Union.
- End of colonial empires in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

A

Modernization theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“Development occurs in stages”

A

Walt Whitman Rostow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

KEY FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZATION THEORY

A

Homogenizing Process
Irreversible Process
Progressive and Lengthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Societies become more alike over time.

A

Homogenizing Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Once a society starts modernizing, it cannot go back.

A

Irreversible Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modernization is desirable but takes generations.

A

Progressive and Lengthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CRITIQUES OF MODERNIZATION THEORY

A
  • Development isn’t one-directional (not only towards Western models).
    • Traditional values aren’t always barriers to development.
    • Different countries (like Taiwan and South Korea) developed differently than the Western model.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developed in the 1950s from ECLAC’s research, notably by Raul Prebisch.

A

DEPENDENCY THEORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DEPENDENCY THEORY
- Countries need to control their economies and focus on _________ _______
- Emphasizes the need for effective ________ roles and prioritizing national ________.

A

INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT ; GOVERNMENT ; CAPITAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

peripheral =
core =

A

developing ; developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Strong industrialization occurs when these ties are weak.
A

DEPENDENCY THEORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CRITIQUES OF DEPENDENCY THEORY

A
  • Lack of empirical evidence and reliance on abstract analysis.
    • Dependency on transnational corporations can also facilitate technology transfer.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MODERNIZATION.
Modernization = views TRADITION as a ________;
Dependency = sees it as potentially ________.

A

Barrier; beneficial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

METHDOLOGY.
Modernization = uses high-level _______,
Dependency = uses concrete ______ ______.

A

abstraction ; case studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT.
Modernization follows a ________ path;
Dependency allows for________ possibilities.

A

unidirectional ; multidirectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CRITIQUES OF BOTH THEORIES.

MODERNIZATION & DEPENDENCY = focus on ______
WORLD-SYSTEMS & GLOBALIZATION = emphasizes on _________ _____-

A

NATION-STATE;
INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CURRENT PERSPECTIVES.

New Dependency Studies: Emerging theories consider internal and external relations in developing countries, allowing for some ________ ______.

A

government autonomy (prioritize the needs of the country without external interference.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Developed in response to the CHANGING nature of CAPITALISM since the 1960s.

A

WORLD-SYSTEMS TEORY

20
Q

WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY.

  • EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES (Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore) experienced significant ECONOMIC GROWTH, CHALLENGING the idea of “_________ _______.”
A

MANUFACTURING IMPERIALSIM (powerful country extends its control over other countries or territories,)

21
Q

WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY.

________ states faced crises (e.g., the Sino-Soviet split, Cultural Revolution failures).

A

Socialist (means of production (like factories, land, and resources) are owned, controlled, or regulated collectively by society rather than privatised)

22
Q

WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY.

North American capitalism experienced crises (e.g., Vietnam War, Watergate, oil embargo) signaling a decline in _____ _________.

A

U.S. dominance

23
Q

KEY FEATURES OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

A

DGKey
Development Focus
Global Systems
Key Thinkers

24
Q

KEY FEATURES OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY.

Recognizes global conditions that significantly IMPACT SMALLER NATIONS.

A

Development Focus

25
Q

KEY FEATURES OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

Analyzes communication, trade mechanisms, and INTERNATIONAL finance RATHER than solely focusing on NATION-STATES.

A

Global Systems

26
Q

KEY FEATURES OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

Key Thinkers: ________ _________ is a central figure who studied the challenges faced by newly independent African nations in a changing capitalist context.

A

Immanuel Wallerstein

27
Q

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

A

ISC
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
SOCIAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
CHANGING CAPITALISM

28
Q

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

Emphasizes interactions among SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, and POLITICAL SCIENCE.

A

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

29
Q

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

Suggests a HOLISTIC view of SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT instead of isolating variables.

A

Social Systems Analysis

30
Q

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY

Acknowledges the role of TRANSNAITNAL CORPORATIONS and speculative INVESTMENTS in MODERN ECONOMIES.

A

Changing Capitalism

31
Q

UNIT OF ANALYSIS
World-systems theory = examines ______ systems,
Dependency theory = focuses on ______ _____

A

global; nation-states.

32
Q

METHODOLOGY
World-systems theory = looks at _______ dynamics of global systems;
Dependency theory = focuses on _______ patterns of nation-state development.

A

cyclical ; historical

33
Q

DEVELOPMENT MOBILITY
World-systems = perspective allows for both _____ and ______ mobility,
Dependency = views development as largely harmful, leading to ____ and ______

A

upward and downward ;
exploitation and stagnation

33
Q

Focuses on increased GLOBAL INTEGRTION, especially in economic transactions and cultural communications.

A

GLOBALIZATION THEORY

33
Q

STRUCTURE
World-systems theory = proposes a _______ structure compared to
Dependency’s = ________ view

A

trimodal (core, semiperiphery, periphery)
bimodal (core and periphery).

34
Q

GLOBALIZATION THEORY.

  • Highlights the importance of global ______ systems in connecting nations and peoples.
  • Recognizes that these systems are spreading even to less developed nations, allowing marginalized groups ______ to global networks.
A

communication; access

35
Q

MAIN ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

A

GiCiDe
GLOBAL INTERACTIONS
CULTURAL IMPACT
DOMINANCE OF ELITE

36
Q

MAIN ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Communications are facilitating INTERACTIONS beyond government levels to everyday citizens.

A

GLOBAL INTERACTIONS

37
Q

MAIN ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION shapes economic and social structures, influencing development patterns.

A

CULTURAL IMPACT

38
Q

MAIN ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Despite increased connectivity, powerful ELITES in each country often CONTROL decision-making processes.

A

DOMINANCE OF ELITE

39
Q

KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

A

CdBnsTs
CULTURAL DETERMINISM
BEYOND NATION-STATES
TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION

40
Q

KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION.

Cultural factors are fundamental in shaping societal dynamics.

A

CULTURAL DETERMINISM

41
Q

KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION.

Global ties make the nation-state less relevant as a unit of analysis.

A

BEYOND NATION-STATES

42
Q

KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION.

Advances in technology enable broader connections across social groups globally.

A

TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION

43
Q

COMPARISON WITH MODERNIZATION THEORY.

  • Both theories share a belief in the U.S. and EUROPEAN MODELS as developmental standards, but

globalization = _______ approach rather than modernization = ________ approach

A

descriptive ; normative

44
Q

COMPARISON WITH MODERNIZATION THEORY.

  • Globalization critiques the __________ perspective found in modernization theory, emphasizing CULTURAL DIFFUSION and COMMUNICATION as central to development.
A

ethnocentric

SDS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions