SOC Chapter 7: Global Stratification AND Chapter 8: Social Class in the United States Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Stratification

Chapter 7, Page 195

A

the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige;
applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group.

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2
Q

Slavery

Chapter 7, Page 195

A

a form of social stratification in which some people own other people

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3
Q

Bonded Labor
(Indentured Service)

Chapter 7, Page 196

A

a contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specific period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily

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4
Q

Ideology

Chapter 7, Page 197

A

beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements

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5
Q

Caste System

Chapter 7, Page 197

A

a form of social stratification in which people’s statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth

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6
Q

Endogamy

Chapter 7, Page 197

A

the practice of marrying within one’s own group

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7
Q

Apartheid

Chapter 7, Page 198

A

the government-approved-and-enforced separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa

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8
Q

Estate Stratification System

Chapter 7, Page 200

A

the stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates: the nobility, clergy, and commoners

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9
Q

Class System

Chapter 7, Page 201

A

a form of social stratification based primarily on income, education, and prestige of occupation

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10
Q

Social Mobility

Chapter 7, Page 201

A

movement up or down the social class ladder

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11
Q

Means of Production

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth

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12
Q

Bourgeosie

(bo͝orZHwäˈzē)

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

Marx’s term for capitalists, those who own the means of production

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13
Q

Proletariat

(prōləˈterēət)

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass workers who do not own the means to production

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14
Q

Class Consciousness

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

Marx’s term for awareness of a common identity based on one’s position in the means of production

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15
Q

False Class Consciousness

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists

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16
Q

Meriocracy

Chapter 7, Page 205

A

a form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit

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17
Q

Divine Right of Kings

Chapter 7, Page 202

A

the idea that the king’s authority comes from God;

in an interesting gender bender, also applies to queens

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18
Q

Colonialism

Chapter 7, Page 218

A

the process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources

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19
Q

World System Theory

Chapter 7, Page 218

A

a theory of how economics and political connections developed and now tie the world’s countries together

20
Q

Globalization of Capitalism

Chapter 7, Page 219

A

capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system

21
Q

Culture of Poverty

Chapter 7, Page 220

A

the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parent’s perpetuate poverty across generations by passing characteristics to their children

22
Q

Neocolonialism

Chapter 7, Page 221

A

the economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations

23
Q

Multinational Corporations

Chapter 7, Page 221

A

companies that operate across national boundaries;

also called transitional corporations

24
Q

Social Class

Chapter 8, Page 227

A

according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in poverty, power, and prestige;

according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means to production or workers who sell their labor

25
Q

Poverty

Chapter 8, Page 227

A

material possessions: includes animals, bank accounts, bonds, buildings, cars, cash, commodities, copyrights, furniture, jewelry, land, and stocks

26
Q

Wealth

Chapter 8, Page 227

A

the total value of everything someone owns, minus debts

27
Q

Income

Chapter 8, Page 227

A

money received, usually from a job, business, or assets

28
Q

Power

Chapter 8, Page 230

A

the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others

29
Q

Power Elite

Chapter 8, Page 230

A

C. Wright Mill’s term for the top people in U.S. corporations, military, and politics who make the nation’s major decisions

30
Q

Prestige

Chapter 8, Page 233

A

respect or regard

31
Q

Status Consistency

Chapter 8, Page 233

A

ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class

32
Q

Status Inconsistency

Chapter 8, Page 233

A
ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others;
also class status discrepancy
33
Q

Status

Chapter 8, Page 233

A

the position that someone occupies in a social group;

also called social status

34
Q

Anomie

(anəˌmē)

Chapter 8, Page 234

A

Durkheim’s term for a condition of society in which people become detached from the usual norms that guide their behavior

35
Q

Contradictory Class Locations

Chapter 8, Page 234

A

Erik Wright’s term for a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests

36
Q

Underclass

Chapter 8, Page 239

A

a group of people for whom poverty persists year after year and across generations

37
Q

Intergenerational Mobility

Chapter 8, Page 243

A

the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next

38
Q

Upward Social Mobility

Chapter 8, Page 243

A

movement up in the social class ladder

39
Q

Downward Social Mobility

Chapter 8, Page 243

A

movement down the social class ladder

40
Q

Structural Mobility

Chapter 8, Page 243

A

movement up or down the social class ladder that is due more to changes in the structure of society than to the actions of individuals

41
Q

Exchange Mobility

Chapter 8, Page 244

A
a large number of people moving up to social class ladder, while a large number move down;
it is as tough they have exchanged places, and despite much social mobility the social class system show little change
42
Q

Poverty Line

Chapter 8, Page 247

A

the official measure of poverty;

calculated to include incomes that are less than three times a low-cost food budget

43
Q

Feminization of Poverty

Chapter 8, Page 251

A

a condition of U.S. poverty in which most poor families are headed by women

44
Q

Culture of Poverty

Chapter 8, Page 251

A

the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that their parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children

45
Q

Deferred Gratification

Chapter 8, Page 253

A

going without something in the present in the hope achieving greater gains in the future

46
Q

Horation Alger Myth

Chapter 8, Page 255

A

the belief that due to limitless possibilities anyone can get ahead if he or she tries hard enough