SOC Chapter 3: Socialization Flashcards
Define: Social Environment
the entire human environment, including interaction with others
Chapter 3, Page 69
Define: Feral Childen
children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans
Chapter 3, Page 69
Define: Socialization
the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group - the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them
Chapter 3, Page 73
Define: Self
the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”;
the views we internalize of how we think others see us
Chapter 3, Page 74
Define: Looking-Glass Self
a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us
Chapter 3, Page 74
Define: “Taking the Role of the Other”
putting yourself in someone else’s shoes;
understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person with act
Chapter 3, Page 74
Define: Significant Other
an individual who significantly influences someone else
Chapter 3, Page 74
Define: Generalized Other
the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”;
the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self
Chapter 3, Page 75
Define: ID
Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives
Chapter 3, Page 77
Define: Ego
Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society
Chapter 3, Page 77
Define: Superego
Freud’s term for the conscience;
the internalized norms and values of our social groups
Chapter 3, Page 76
Define: Gender
the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females;
masculinity vs femininity
Chapter 3, Page 81
Define: Gender Socialization
Learning society’s “gender map,” the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female
Chapter 3, Page 81
Define: Peer Group
a group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations
Chapter 3, Page 84
Define: Mass Media
forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences
Chapter 3, Page 84
Define: Social Inequality
a social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some by denied to others
Chapter 3, Page 86
Define: Agents of Socialization
people or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations towards life
Chapter 3, Page 87
Define: Manifest Functions
the intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions
Chapter 3, Page 89
Define: Latent Functions
unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions
Chapter 3, Page 89
Define: Anticipatory Socialization
the process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status
Chapter 3, Page 92
Define: Resocialization
the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Chapter 3, Page 92
Define: Total Institution
a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off them
Chapter 3, Page 92
Define: Degradation Ceremony
a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place
Chapter 3, Page 92
Define: Life Course
the stages of our life as we go from birth to death
Chapter 3, Page 94
Define: Transitional Adulthood
a term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood; also called adultolescence
Chapter 3, Page 96
Define: Transitional Older Years
an emerging stage of life course between retirement and when people are considered old;
about age 65 to 74
Chapter 3, Page 96
