Soc 9 Flashcards
What are the long term effects on the musculo-skeletal system?
Increased strength of ligaments and tendons.
• Increased bone density – helps prevent osteoporosis (weakening of bones).
• Muscle hypertrophy: is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.
• Adaptation: the body adapts to training loads imposed on it by increasing the ability
to cope with those loads.
What are the long term aerobic effects on the body?
• Improved times for long distance athletes (5,000m, 10,000m, marathon runners etc.).
• Ability to run for 90 minutes during a football game (improve cardiovascular fitness levels).
• cell efficiency with water
What are the long term anaerobic effects on the body?
• Sprinting for the ball in football.
• Making a powerful tackle in a rugby game.
• Improved time over the shorter/ sprint distances in athletics or swimming.
What are the cardio-respiratory system effects on the heart?
Decreased resting heart rate:
Faster recovery rate:
Increased resting stroke volume: .
Maximum cardiac output: .
Size and strength of the heart:
What are the long term cardio-respiratory effects on your blood?
Capillaries: Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries in your heart muscle and helps your blood vessels more elastic, flexible and efficient.
Increased number of red blood cells: These cells carry oxygen to the muscles, so having higher red blood cell count can improve their performance.
Drop in resting blood pressure: regular exercise reduces blood pressure due to the muscular wall of the veins and arteries becoming more elastic
What are the long term effects on your respiratory system?
Increased lung capacity/ volume and vital capacity
Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your
working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.
Increased number of alveoli
More alveoli will become available for gaseous, exchange after regular exercise, so more
oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide taken from them.
Increased strength of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Exercise increases the strength of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles – the
muscles that work to increase airflow during physical activity.
What is adaptation?
Your body’s response to training and how your body changes to cope with new activity.
What is aerobic?
Working at a moderate intensity level with oxygen.
What is anaerobic?
Working at a high intensity level without oxygen.
What is anaerobic?
Working at a high intensity level without oxygen.
What is alveoli?
Tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs
and bloodstream.
What is the diaphragm?
The primary muscle used in the process of inspiration or inhalation.
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood ejected from your heart in one minute (CO) = (SV) x (HR)
What is resting stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped per beat.
What is recovery rate?
The speed at which your heart returns To RHR after you exercise
