Soc 18-21

Question 1

What is stroke volume?

Answer 1

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart during each beat. This will increase during physical activity as the muscles will require more blood

Question 2

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 2

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one min. The higher your cardiac output, the better your physical performance

Question 3

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

Answer 3

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 4

Short Term effects on the Heart?

Answer 4

As you exercise your heart rate increases.

Question 5

Lactate Accumalation

Answer 5

Build up of lactic acid in muscles.

Question 6

Short term effects of exercise on the muscles

Answer 6

• fatigue - weak, painful and tired
• build up of lactic acid (lactate accumalation)
• cramp

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

A major source of energy for most cells in the body

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

the process of releasing enrgy from glucose, using oxygen

Question 9

Anaerobic exercise

Answer 9

the process of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen

Question 10

Aerobic exercise

Answer 10

Working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continous period, e.g. long-distance events

Question 11

Lactic acid

Answer 11

A colouless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity

Question 12

Cramp

Answer 12

Painful, involuntary contraction of a muslce, usually cuased by fatigue

Question 13

Fats

Answer 13

a rich source of energy, but many modern diets provide more than our bodies need.

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

The body’s main source of energy

Question 15

Free sugars

Answer 15

Extra sugar added to food or drink

Question 16

Complex Carbohydrates

Answer 16

Foods of this type help to provide long lasting energy for exercise

Question 17

Areobic equation

Answer 17

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 18

Anaerobic equation

Answer 18

Glucose —> energy + lactic acid

Question 19

What is a lever?

Answer 19

• a system of muscles and bones working together to bring about a movement

Question 20

Fulcrum (or pivot)

Answer 20

• the point around which the lever rotates

Question 21

Load

Answer 21

• The load is the object to be moved by the system

Question 22

Effort

Answer 22

• a force that is applied by the lever system, the effort is supplied by your muscles

Question 23

Lever arm

Answer 23

• a rigid bar such as a bone

Question 24

What are the 3 different levers?

Answer 24

• first class
• second class
• third class

Question 25

First class lever

Answer 25

• the fulcrum sits in the middle, between the load and the effort e.g. a header in football

Question 26

Second class lever

Answer 26

• the load sits in the middle between the effort and the fulcrum e.g. set shot in basketball

Question 27

Explain the second class lever when doing a calf raise

Answer 27

• the body weight (load) sits between the ball of the feet (fulcrum) and the gastronecius muscle applies the effort

Question 28

Third class lever

Answer 28

• the effort is applied between the fuclrum and the load

Question 29

Explain the third class lever when doing a bicep curl

Answer 29

• the effort is applied by the bicep muscles between the elbow joint (the fulcrum) and the weight in the hand (the load)

Question 30

Advantages of a first class lever

Answer 30

• stable
• strong
• increasing the length of the lever arm increases the mechanical advantage

Question 31

Disadvantages of a first class lever

Answer 31

• slow

- limited flexibility

Question 32

Advantages of a second class lever

Answer 32

• stable
• strong
• increasing the length of the lever arm increases the mechanical advantage

Question 33

Disadvantages of second class lever

Answer 33

• slow

- limited flexibility

Question 34

Advantages of a third class lever

Answer 34

• fast movement
• large range of movement
• increasing the length of the lever arm decreases the mechanical advantage

Question 35

Disadvantages of a third class lever

Answer 35

• the force applied must always exceed the load

Question 36

The sagittal plane

Answer 36

• divides the body from top to bottom (vertically), resulting in a left and right side - flexion and extension

Question 37

The frontal plane

Answer 37

• divides the body from top to bottom (vertically), but this time with front and back sections - adduction and abduction

Question 38

The transverse plane

Answer 38

• divides the body across the middle (horizontally), giving a top section (‘superior’) and a bottom section (‘inferior’) - rotation

Question 39

What planes and axes of movement are used when doing a somersault?

Answer 39

• your left and right sides move together in the same direction - in the SAGGITAL PLANE
• your body bends on a horizontal line from side to side - around your FRONTAL AXIS

Question 40

What planes and axes are used when performing a cartwheel?

Answer 40

• you move sideways, from left to right - in the FRONTAL PLANE
• your body rotates around a line that runs from the front to the back of your body - around your SAGGITAL AXIS

Question 41

What planes and axes are used when performing twist jumps ?

Answer 41

• your body moves around one spot - in the TRANSVERSE PLANE

- they twist around an invisible line that runs from head to toe - around the VERTICAL AXIS

Question 42

The frontal axis

Answer 42

• runs from side to side, formed by the intersection of the frontal and transverse planes.
• This allows flexion and extension

Question 43

The saggital axis

Answer 43

• runs from front to back, formed by the intersection of the sagittal and transverse planes.
• Allows abduction and adduction

Question 44

The vertical axis

Answer 44

• runs from top to bottom, formed by the intersection of the sagittal and frontal planes.
• Allows rotation of the body in an upright position