Soc 14: The muscular system Flashcards
What are the 3 different muscle groups?
Voluntary
Involuntary
Cardiac
Voluntary muscle
Volantary muscles are under your control you can choose when to contract or relax them.
Involuntary muscles
Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system.
Cardiac muscle
Cardic muscle only found in the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardia muscle is made up of interlaced fibres
Deltoid
Location:
Rounded, triangular muscle on the uppermost part of the arm and at the top of the shoulder.
Function:
Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder.
Example in sport:
Serving in tennis.
Pectoralis major
Location:
Covering the chest.
Function:
Adduct the arm at the shoulder.
Example in sport:
Forehand drive in tennis.
Lactissimus
Location
Broad sheet of muscle that extends from the lower region of the spine to the bone in the upper arm (humerus).
Function:
Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder.
Example in sport:
Butterfly stroke in swimming.
Bicept
Location:
Front of the upper arm.
Function:
Flex the arm at the elbow.
Example in sport:
Pull-up, drawing a bow in archery.
Triceps
Location:
Back of the upper arm.
Function:
Extend the arm at the elbow.
Example in sport:
Press-up, throwing a javelin.
External obliques
Location:
To the side of the abdomen, running from the lower half of the ribs down to the pelvis.
Function:
Pull the chest downwards; flex and rotate the spinal column; one side contracting sreates a side bend.
Example in sport:
Crunches in the gym.
Gluteals
Location:
Form the buttocks. Gluteus maximus (the largest) lies just under the skin, and is attached to the fumur (thign bone).
Function:
Adduct and extend leg at the hip, pull the leg backwards.
Example in sport:
Pulling back leg before kicking a ball.
Hip-flexors
Location:
Sit deep in front of the hip and connect the leg, pelvis and abdomen.
Functions:
Flex the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body.
Example in sport:
Flex the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body.
Quadriceps
Location:
Four muscles found on the front of the leg.
Function:
Extend the leg at the knee.
Example in sport:
Kicking a ball, jumping upwards.
Hamstrings
Location:
Found in the back of the leg, stretching from the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia (the shin bone).
Function:
Flex the leg at the knee.
Example in sport:
Bending knee before kicking a ball.
Gastrocnemius
Location:
Starts at the back of the femur and comes together with the soleus muscle to form the achillies tendon at the back of the ankle.
Function:
Point the toes (plantar-flexes the ankle), help flex the knee.
Example in sport:
Running.
