Soc 12: The muscular system Flashcards
Antagonistic pairs
When one muscle contracts (agonist) the other relaxes (antagonist) to allow the joint to work.
What are the 3 antagonistic pairs
Bicept, tricept
Tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius
Hamstring, Quadricept
The two types of fibres
Fast twitch fibres
Slow twitch fibres
Muscle fibres
Make up volantary (skletal) muscle; divided into type I, type IIa and type IIx
Type I
Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing
Type IIa
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue
Type IIx
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly
Myoglobin
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles
Antagonistic pair
Muscles that work together to create movement
What is the coulour of slow twitch (type 1)
Dark in colour because of myoglobin (transports 02 to the muscle) and have a good 02 supply
What colour is fast twitch (type 2a and 2x)
Lighter in colour because the don’t use O2 to make energy
How the skeletal and muscular systems work together
The muscular system is composed of more than 600 muscles, including the involantary muscles of the heart, the smooth muscles of the internal organs and the skeletal muscles. All muscles are connected to the nervous system which allows movement to start through signals from the brain.
Working together, everything we’ve studied this term, joints, bones and muscles make up your musculoskeletal system. Together their main function is to create movement, keep you stable, give you posture and protect.
When a muscle contracts one bone move and one dosen’t what are they called?
The bone that doesn’t move is called the point of origin.
The bone that does move is called the point of insertion.
