SOC 13: Joints, Movements, Ligaments And Tendons Flashcards
What is a joint?
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet
Why are joints important?
Allow movement and rotation
What are the 4 types of joints?
- Pivot joints
- Hinge joints
- Ball and sock joints
- Condyloid joints
What is a pivot joint?
Joints that allow bones to rotate
Give an example of a pivot joint
Your neck, wrist or elbow
What are the first two vertebrae in the neck that allow rotation?
The Atlas and Axis
What is a hinge joint?
Joint that allow only forward and backwards motion
Give an example of a hinge joint
The knee, elbow and ankle
What is a ball and socket joint?
A joint where the rounded head of a long bone (the ball) fits into the cup-shaped hole (the socket)
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
The hip and shoulder
What is a condyloid joint?
A joint - similar to a ball and socket joint - where the ball rests against the end of a bone, rather than inside a socket
Give an example of a condyloid joint
The wrist
How many types of movements are there in joints?
8
What are the 8 types of movements in joints?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Rotation
- Circumduction
- Dorsi-flexion
- Plantar-flexion
What is flexion?
Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts
What joints provide flexion?
- Shoulder
- Hip
- Elbow
Give an example of flexion in sport
A 100m sprinter taking wide strides whilst sprinting - flexion in the knee joint
What is extension?
Straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
What joints provide extension?
- Shoulder
- Hip
Give an example of extension in sport
A swimmer swings their arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive
What is adduction?
Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
What joints provide adduction?
- Shoulder
- Hip
Give an example of adduction in sport
A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
What is abduction?
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
What joints provide abduction?
- Shoulder
- Hips
Give an example of abduction in sport
A gymnast moves their arms out sideways at the shoulder when performing the ‘iron cross’ on the rings
What is rotation?
Movement around a single axis or pivot point
What joints provide rotation?
- Shoulder
- Hip
Give an example of rotation!
A tennis player serves the ball
What is circumduction?
Moving in a circular or conical shape
What joints provide circumduction?
- Shoulder
- Hip
Give an example of circumduction in sport
A cricketer bowling a ball
What is dorsi-flexion?
Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin
What joint provides dorsi-flexion?
- Ankle
Give an example of dorsi-flexion in sport
A sprinter positions their feet in the starting blocks
What is plantar-flexion?
Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin
What joint provides plantar-flexion?
- Ankle
Give an example plantar-flexion in sport
A floor gymnast pointing their toes
