SO BOOK6 Flashcards
1
Q
clatter/ˈklætər/
A
Miss Eller’s students clattered in from lunch recess.
R3) Once, a gust of wind sent them clattering to the street three floors below, and she had to go and chase them before the gathering storm.
O1. [intransitive] + adverb/preposition to move making a loud noise like hard objects knocking together
M2. [intransitive] to move somewhere making a series of loud short noises
2
Q
recess/ˈriːses/N
A
Miss Eller’s students clattered in from lunch recess. Balls and jump ropes landed in the recess basket.
- (North American English) (British English break, break time) [uncountable] a period of time between lessons at school
3
Q
water fountain
/ˈfaʊntn/
A
A line formed at the water fountain as hot and thirsty children waited for their turn to cool down.
O. (also drinking fountain) a device that supplies water for drinking in public places
M. [countable] a machine in a park or other public place that provides drinking water when you push a button
4
Q
cool down/off
cool sb/sth-down/off
A
A line formed at the water fountain as hot and thirsty children waited for their turn to cool down.
L123) It’s a potential game-changer in the battle of the bulge, burn calories simply by cooling off.
cool down/off: 1. to become cool or cooler
cool sb-down/off: 1. to make somebody feel cooler
cool sth-down/off: to make something cool or cooler
5
Q
presence/ˈprezns/
A
Miss Eller’s quite presence at the meeting rug was a signal for everyone to settle down and join her.
M1. [uncountable] the existence of someone or something in a particular place
6
Q
settle down
settle sb down
A
Miss Eller’s quite presence at the meeting rug was a signal for everyone to settle down and join her.
to become or make somebody become calm, less excited, etc
7
Q
all eyes are on sb/sth
A
Miss Eller began when all mouths stopped, and all eyes were on her.
M. used for saying that everyone is paying attention to a particular person, event, or situation
8
Q
shoot/ʃuːt/
shot, shot
A
“Have all of you been thinking about the natural world and what you would like to learn about?” Heads nodded and some hands shot up. “Tara?”
- [intransitive, transitive] to move suddenly or quickly in one direction; to make somebody/something move in this way
9
Q
state/steɪt/V
A
“I want to study wild animals,” Tara stated simply.
- to formally write or say something, especially in a careful and clear way
10
Q
have sb/sth in mind (for sth)
A
Miss Eller challenged her. “There are many, many wild animals. Do you have any particular ones in mind?”
to be thinking of somebody/something, especially for a particular job, etc
11
Q
narrow sth-down (to sth)
A
Tara looked at the ceiling and thought for a moment. “Just the cute, fuzzy ones that live in the woods.”
“Hmm, well, that narrows it down, Keith?”
“Snakes are certainly part of the natural world, and you narrowed down the topic a bit already. Anyone else? Andy?”
“But there are too many kinds,” continued Andy, “so I would narrow them down to redwood trees. They’re special because they’re so big.”
to reduce the number of possibilities or choices
12
Q
sure of yourself
A
“Hmm, well, that narrows it down, Keith?” Keith was sure of himself. “Snakes. Just the coolest ones.”
(sometimes disapproving) very confident
13
Q
certainly/ˈsɜːrtnli/
A
“Snakes are certainly part of the natural world, and you narrowed down the topic a bit already. Anyone else? Andy?”
“But there are too many kinds,” continued Andy, “so I would narrow them down to redwood trees. They’re special because they’re so big.”
“They certainly are,” said Miss Eller. “Anyone Else?”
- without doubt [SYN] definitely
14
Q
…after…
A
“They certainly are,” said Miss Eller. “Anyone Else?” Hand after hand went up.
O) I’ve told you time after time not to do that.
used to show that something happens many times or continuously
15
Q
guarantee/ˌɡærənˈtiː/
A
Money Doesn’t Guarantee Happiness
R124) The logic behind the current law is that it protects Americans from buying dangerous drugs. But there are better ways to guarantee that.
to make something certain to happen
16
Q
shock/ʃɑːk/
A
A few years ago, I shocked my friends and family.
[transitive] to surprise and upset somebody
17
Q
educated/ˈedʒukeɪtɪd/
A
- I broke my engagement to a well-educated millionaire business executive to marry a construction worker.
- R136) When I push him to explain why the reduction in corporal punishment is so recent, he points to increasing levels of education. (With some exceptions, studies show that educated and wealthier families hit kids less.)
- having had the kind of education mentioned; having been to the school, college or university mentioned
- having had a high standard of education; showing a high standard of education
18
Q
executive/ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/
A
I broke my engagement to a well-educated millionaire business executive to marry a construction worker.
[countable] a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization
19
Q
construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/
A
I broke my engagement to a well-educated millionaire business executive to marry a construction worker.
[uncountable] the process or method of building or making something, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc
20
Q
lovable/ˈlʌvəbl/
A
Why? Because he’s kind, honest, and totally lovable.
having qualities that people find attractive and easy to love, often despite any faults [SYN] endearing
21
Q
dropout/ˈdrɑːpaʊt/
A
My high-school dropout can fix plumbing, tune up a car, build a house, and grow enough vegetables to feed an army.
a person who leaves school or college before they have finished their studies
22
Q
plumbing/ˈplʌmɪŋ/
A
My high-school dropout can fix plumbing, tune up a car, build a house, and grow enough vegetables to feed an army.
[uncountable] 1. the system of pipes, etc. that supply water to a building
- the work of a plumber
23
Q
tune sth-up
A
My high-school dropout can fix plumbing, tune up a car, build a house, and grow enough vegetables to feed an army.
to make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible
24
Q
grow/ɡroʊ/
A
- My high-school dropout can fix plumbing, tune up a car, build a house, and grow enough vegetables to feed an army.
R47) He knew that the South could not grow only cotton.
R7) Coast redwoods do not grow anywhere else in the world.
L140) Those cotton fields now grow rice and rice is especially good at pulling arsenic up out of the dirt. - This man won’t grow soft and flabby sitting behind a desk all day, and he won’t get a stress-related illness, or have an affair with his secretary.
- R132) First, families have to pay back their debt. Governments don’t — all they need to do is ensure that debt grows more slowly than their tax base. The debt from World War II was never repaid; it just became increasingly irrelevant as the U.S. economy grew, and with it the income subject to taxation.
R142) In the decade after 2000 the over-55s grew by 181% in America (the total prison population by 17%); the over-60s rose by 128% in England and Wales (against 34% overall); and in Australia the over-65s increased by 140%. - [intransitive, transitive] to exist and develop in a particular place; to make plants grow
- [linking verb + adjective] to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time
- [intransitive] to increase in size, number, strength or quality
25
army/ˈɑːrmi/
My high-school dropout can fix plumbing, tune up a car, build a house, and grow enough vegetables to feed an army.
1. [countable + singular or plural verb] a large organized group of soldiers who are trained to fight on land
3. [countable + singular or plural verb] a large number of people or things, especially when they are organized in some way or involved in a particular activity
26
whistle/ˈwɪsl/
He can cook and clean like a pro, and comes home whistling every evening without stopping at a bar.
[transitive, intransitive] to make a high sound or a musical tune by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed
27
site/saɪt/
The stories about his day at the construction site are far more interesting than my day on Wall Street.
a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be located
28
soft/sɔːft/
This man won't grow soft and flabby sitting behind a desk all day, and he won't get a stress-related illness, or have an affair with his secretary.
8. kind and sympathetic; easily affected by other people's suffering [OPP] hard
9. (usually disapproving) not strict or severe; not strict or severe enough [SYN] lenient [OPP] tough
11. (informal, disapproving) not brave enough; wanting to be safe and comfortable
29
flabby/ˈflæbi/
This man won't grow soft and flabby sitting behind a desk all day, and he won't get a stress-related illness, or have an affair with his secretary.
(informal, disapproving) having soft, loose flesh; fat
30
affair/əˈfer/
This man won't grow soft and flabby sitting behind a desk all day, and he won't get a stress-related illness, or have an affair with his secretary.
[countable] a sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them are married to somebody else
31
fancy/ˈfænsi/adj.
1. He waved his arms in and out in what he hoped was a fancy pattern, then tapped the box sitting on the table with a magic wand.
M4. L47) Asian health officials complain that the influx of fancy foreign brands hurts their efforts to control the habit, particularly among the young.
4. R25) Whatever their color or flavor, peppers add variety and spice to fancy or even everyday foods.
1. unusually complicated, often in an unnecessary way; intended to impress other people [OPP] simple
M4. expensive, popular, and fashionable
4. (of food) of high quality
32
tap/tæp/V
1. He waved his arms in and out in what he hoped was a fancy pattern, then tapped the box sitting on the table with a magic wand.
2. R8) Back in Room 144, whenever it was time for music, I would see Felix tapping his little claws against the bars of the cage.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to hit somebody/something quickly and lightly
2. [transitive, intransitive] tap (something) if you tap your fingers, feet, etc. or they tap, you hit them gently against a table, the floor, etc, for example to the rhythm of music
33
jiggle/ˈdʒɪɡl/
The box jiggled a little. Then, the table jiggled a little.
[intransitive, transitive] (informal) to move or make something move up and down or from side to side with short quick movements
34
exclamation/ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn/
"Ahhhhh!" The exclamation erupted from under the table.
a short sound, word or phrase spoken suddenly to express an emotion.Oh!, Look out! and Ow! are exclamations
35
erupt/ɪˈrʌpt/
"Ahhhhh!" The exclamation erupted from under the table.
[intransitive, transitive] to suddenly express your feelings very strongly, especially by shouting loudly
36
the matter/ˈmætər/
"What's the matter?" called Gary. "Did it work?"
L2) “What’s the matter with my car?” she asks. “Can you get rid of this smell?”
3. [singular] used (to ask) if somebody is upset, unhappy, etc. or if there is a problem
37
spill/spɪl/
"Well, it worked if you don't count spilling water all over," Josh grumbled.
[intransitive, transitive] (especially of liquid) to flow over the edge of a container by accident; to make liquid do this
38
suggest/səˈdʒest/
1. "Maybe we should use real flowers," suggested Gary.
L45) I told him I didn't want to change the channel and suggested that he concentrate on his card game.
3. R125) Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity. There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality. Does watching television make kids fat, or do fat kids just happen to watch a lot of television? The accumulating work in this area suggests the latter.
L129) At the same time, activity has been detected at North Korea’s underground nuclear test site in the northeast of the country, suggesting preparations for another nuclear test are underway.
L142) Among 500 reported incidents, a robotic malfunction during a hysterectomy, the doctor could not control movement of the forcep. And death, after a patient’s bowel was ripped. Some reports suggest errors by the doctor using the device. Others, that it is the device itself that malfunctions.
1. to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to think about [SYN] propose
3. to put an idea into somebody's mind; to make somebody think that something is true [SYN] indicate
39
wilt/wɪlt/
"They'd just wilt," Josh shook his head.
[intransitive, transitive] [wilt (something)] if a plant or flower wilts, or something wilts it, it bends towards the ground because of the heat or a lack of water [SYN] droop
40
aside from (= apart from)
Gary shrugged. "Yeah, I guess so. Aside from spilling, how did it go under there?"
except for
41
stuck/stʌk/
1. But the bottom had gotten stuck and the vase had tipped.
2. W1) So this book is going to come in handy. Like I said, I’ll be famous one day, but for now, I’m stuck in middle school with a bunch of morons.
W1) So in this class, I got stuck with Chris Hosey in front of me, and Lionel James in back of me. Jason Brill came in late, and almost sat to my right, but luckily I stopped that from happening at the last second.
[not before noun]
1. unable to move or to be moved
2. in an unpleasant situation or place that you cannot escape from
42
tip/tɪp/V
1. But the bottom had gotten stuck and the vase had tipped.
L144) Since 1994, 750,000 Americans have had the surgery. Christie’s friend and New York Jets coach Rex Ryan had the surgery in 2010 and privately convinced the governor it was worth it. The governor thinks the scales are tipping in his favor.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to move so that one end or side is higher than the other; to move something into this position [SYN] tilt
43
rethink/ˌriːˈθɪŋk/
The boys sat down to rethink their plan.
[transitive, intransitive] [rethink (something)] to think again about an idea, a course of action, etc, especially in order to change it
44
too good to be true
The boys had thought the old broken table was almost too good to be true.
used to say that you cannot believe that something is as good as it seems
45
worn out
1. Its worn-out wicker top had a hole that was just the right size for covering with the box as well as making stuff disappear by pulling it downward.
R121) This is the idea that worn-out organs might be repaired-or even replaced-using stem cells.
2. O) Can we sit down? I'm worn out.
M) He looked worn out, as if he'd missed a night's sleep.
1. (of a thing) badly damaged and/or no longer useful because it has been used a lot
2. [not usually before noun] (of a person) looking or feeling very tired, especially as a result of hard work or physical exercise
46
wicker/ˈwɪkər/
Its worn-out wicker top had a hole that was just the right size for covering with the box as well as making stuff disappear by pulling it downward.
[uncountable] thin sticks of wood twisted together to make baskets, furniture, etc
47
downward/ˈdaʊnwərd/adv.
| upward/ˈʌpwərd/adv.
Its worn-out wicker top had a hole that was just the right size for covering with the box as well as making stuff disappear by pulling it downward.
R7) Look upward and just imagine how high the trees might grow if we preserve and protect them.
downward: (also downwards) towards the ground or towards a lower level [OPP] upwards
upward: (also upwards) towards a higher place or position [OPP] downwards
48
define/dɪˈfaɪn/
It can be interesting as well as useful to think about the way we define ourselves as individuals.
to describe or show something accurately
49
individual/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/
It can be interesting as well as useful to think about the way we define ourselves as individuals.
a person considered separately rather than as part of a group
50
focus/ˈfoʊkəs/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[intransitive, transitive] to give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than another
51
facet/ˈfæsɪt/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[facet (of something)] a particular part or aspect of something
52
gender/ˈdʒendər/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[countable, uncountable] the fact of being male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences, not differences in biology
53
vocation/voʊˈkeɪʃn/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[countable] a type of work or way of life that you believe is especially suitable for you [SYN] calling
54
material/məˈtɪriəl/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[only before noun] connected with money, possessions, etc. rather than with the needs of the mind or spirit [OPP] spiritual
55
possession/pəˈzeʃn/
We tend to focus on particular facets: size, gender, vocation, material possessions, family name, where we were educated or grew up, things like that.
[countable, usually plural] something that you own or have with you at a particular time [SYN] belongings
56
perceive/pərˈsiːv/
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
(formal) to understand or think of somebody/something in a particular way [SYN] see
57
solely/ˈsoʊlli/
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
only; not involving somebody/something else
58
in terms of sth/ in … terms
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
If we define ourselves in such limited or deprecatory terms, we are very far indeed from true self-acceptance.
L138) Basically, no one’s watching, right? I mean the self-checkouts, they do what they can in terms of weighing things, but at the end of the day they can’t watch what the customer is doing.
used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it
59
incapability/ɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
incapable:
1. not able to do something
2. not able to control yourself or your affairs; not able to do anything well [OPP] capable
60
unworthiness/ʌnˈwɜːrðinəs/
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
unworthy- (formal) [unworthy (of something)] not having the necessary qualities to deserve something, especially respect [OPP] worthy
61
unfavorably/ʌnˈfeɪvərəbli/
Some of us perceive and define ourselves solely in negative terms: our incapability, unworthiness, faults, past behavior, comparing ourselves unfavorably to other people or against unrealistic ideals.
unfavorable: O2. (formal) showing that you do not approve of or like somebody/something [OPP] favorable
62
deprecatory/ˈdeprɪkətɔːri/
If we define ourselves in such limited or deprecatory terms, we are very far indeed from true self-acceptance.
L. expressing criticism or disapproval
C. expressing disapproval; protesting
63
far from sth/doing sth
If we define ourselves in such limited or deprecatory terms, we are very far indeed from true self-acceptance.
R128) Yet China is far from alone. In many democracies surveillance cameras are multiplying, too.
O. almost the opposite of something or of what is expected
L. used to say that something very different is true or happens
M. used for saying that the real situation is the opposite of what you mention
64
acceptance/əkˈseptəns/
If we define ourselves in such limited or deprecatory terms, we are very far indeed from true self-acceptance.
[uncountable] willingness to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation *definition에서 제일 괜찮은 게 이거. self-acceptance: 자아수용
65
recognize/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/
M2a. In my own case, I try to recognize and acknowledge the whole me.
2. R4) Two hundred and fifty years later, people in Britain were still playing a game we would recognize as soccer.
2. (not used in the progressive tenses) to admit or to be aware that something exists or is true [SYN] acknowledge
M은 추가로. M2a가 가장 여기서 맞는 정의인 듯.
M2. to accept that something is true or important
M2a. to accept the authority or status of someone or something
66
acknowledge/əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/
2. In my own case, I try to recognize and acknowledge the whole me.
1. R137) Then there's the fact of Kanazawa's having gotten into trouble last spring for asserting—using the same dataset and similar methods to those described above—that African-American women are objectively "far less attractive" than whites, Asians, or Native Americans. (He later acknowledged some flaws in his analysis.)
L91) But when ABC news asked about the hundreds of complaints, BMW acknowledged they’ve been struggling to find a way to fix the problem, and they know people might be worried.
2. to accept that somebody/something has a particular authority or status [SYN] recognize
1. to accept that something is true
M1. to accept or admit that something exists, is true, or is real
67
sum/sʌm/
3. In my own case, I try to recognize and acknowledge the whole me. That includes the sum of all my experiences, good and bad.
1. R134) In his March budget Mr Osborne proposed a cap on the sum that rich people can deduct from their taxes thanks to their charitable donations, framing it as part of a strategy to crack down on wealthy tax dodgers.
3. (also sum total) [singular] the sum of something all of something, especially when you think that it is not very much
1. [countable] sum (of something) an amount of money
68
concern/kənˈsɜːrn/V
In my own case, I try to recognize and acknowledge the whole me. That includes the sum of all my experiences, good and bad. It concerns my present reality: not the me I want to be or hope to be, nor the me I think others see, and certainly not the former me who no longer exists.
2. [concern something] [also be concerned with something] to be about something
69
former/ˈfɔːrmər/
1. It concerns my present reality: not the me I want to be or hope to be, nor the me I think others see, and certainly not the former me who no longer exists.
2. R142) In December 2012 Rimutaka prison, New Zealand’s biggest, opened the country’s first unit for vulnerable inmates (it is in a former youth wing).
[only before noun]
1. that used to exist in earlier times
2. that used to have a particular position or status in the past
70
no/any longer
It concerns my present reality: not the me I want to be or hope to be, nor the me I think others see, and certainly not the former me who no longer exists.
R141) Adderall suddenly turned its back on me. It enabled me to focus, got me to a higher place academically. But then I could no longer rely on it. I was on my own.
used to say that something which was possible or true before, is not now
71
hard/hɑːrd/
By taking a hard, cool appraisal of myself, I'm able to make sound decisions about my life and where I need to go.
[only before noun] definitely true and based on information that can be proved
72
cool/kuːl/
By taking a hard, cool appraisal of myself, I'm able to make sound decisions about my life and where I need to go.
calm; not excited, angry or emotional
73
appraisal/əˈpreɪzl/
By taking a hard, cool appraisal of myself, I'm able to make sound decisions about my life and where I need to go.
[countable, uncountable] a judgement of the value, performance or nature of somebody/something
74
crisp/krɪsp/adj.
The crisp wind tore at the children. They held their jackets out, letting them puff up with air. The October wind only added to the excitement. Today was a field trip day.
(usually approving) 4. (of the air or the weather) pleasantly dry and cold
75
tear at sth
The crisp wind tore at the children. They held their jackets out, letting them puff up with air. The October wind only added to the excitement. Today was a field trip day.
M) The wind tore at her hair.
M. [transitive] to pull very strongly at something
76
puff up
| puff sth-up
The crisp wind tore at the children. They held their jackets out, letting them puff up with air. The October wind only added to the excitement. Today was a field trip day.
to swell or to make something swell
77
spread out
| spread yourself out
At last they were on the bus, two to a seat, sometimes three. A few parents spread themselves out and settled in for the noisy, bumpy ride.
2. to separate from other people in a group, to cover a larger area
78
settle in
At last they were on the bus, two to a seat, sometimes three. A few parents spread themselves out and settled in for the noisy, bumpy ride.
M) We found our seats and settled in for the journey.
M2. [intransitive] to make yourself comfortable in a place because you are going to stay there for a long time
79
bumpy/ˈbʌmpi/
At last they were on the bus, two to a seat, sometimes three. A few parents spread themselves out and settled in for the noisy, bumpy ride.
2. (of a journey) uncomfortable with a lot of sudden unpleasant movements caused by the road surface, weather conditions, etc
80
on and on
When he did look out the window again, Steven saw a long gray wall. It went on and on beside the bus on both sides of the highway.
without stopping; continuously
81
go through the motions (of doing sth)
And there are still so many things you have to do. The cooking, the washing, the ironing. But you go through the motions nonetheless, because you have to.
M) The leaders are going through the motions of peace talks.
O. to do or say something because you have to, not because you really want to
M. to do things in the usual way but without much effort or enthusiasm because you do not expect to succeed
82
nonethelss/ˌnʌnðəˈles/
And there are still so many things you have to do. The cooking, the washing, the ironing. But you go through the motions nonetheless, because you have to.
(formal) despite this fact [SYN] nevertheless
83
hubby/ˈhʌbi/
Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay. And your young hubby’s crummy little check won’t cover them. That’s why.
(informal) =husband
84
crummy/ˈkrʌmi/
Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay. And your young hubby’s crummy little check won’t cover them. That’s why.
(informal) of very bad quality
85
formula/ˈfɔːrmjələ/
Then you mix the formula and change diapers.
6. (also formula milk) [uncountable, countable] a type of liquid food for babies, given instead of breast milk
86
diaper/ˈdaɪpər/
Then you mix the formula and change diapers.
a piece of soft cloth or other thick material that is folded around a baby's bottom and between its legs to absorb and hold its body waste
87
go out
When your husband doesn’t come home, you know he has decided to go out with the boys again.
1. to leave your house to go to a social event
88
pray/preɪ/
When your husband doesn’t come home, you know he has decided to go out with the boys again. Or, you pray it is only “the boys” he is with.
2. [intransitive, transitive] to hope very much that something will happen
89
(all) by yourself/yourselves
1. So, finally, you eat the lousy meal by yourself and go to bed and cry your eyes out.
L10) Karen Hartley, 33, is skiing by herself at Power Mountain in Utah. By mistake, she begins to ski off the trail. Soon she gets lost.
1. alone; without anyone else
2. without help
90
cry your eyes/heart out
So, finally, you eat the lousy meal by yourself and go to bed and cry your eyes out.
M. (informal) to cry in an uncontrolled way
91
whirl/wɜːrl/V
“I didn’t think there were any lakes that big around here. Besides, it’s on both sides of the road.” Jason and Jesse whirled around to the windows on the far side of the bus.
TED) The conditions themselves, besides the sheer distance of over 100 miles in the open ocean -- the currents and whirling eddies and the Gulf Stream itself, the most unpredictable of all of the planet Earth.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to move, or make somebody/something move, around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction [SYN] spin
92
shock/ʃɑːk/N
“Maybe there are castles on both sides of the road,” suggested Jason. “And maybe the people who live in the castles built the walls because they don’t get along with each other.” Steven and Jesse looked at Jason in shock.
(in shock 때문에 정리.)
1. [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a strong feeling of surprise as a result of something
93
matter-of-factly
“So, my idea was half right,” pointed out Jason matter-of-factly. “The people built the walls because they didn’t get along with the highway.”
matter-of-fact: said or done without showing any emotion, especially in a situation in which you would expect somebody to express their feelings [SYN] unemotional
94
the good/bad old days
When he does come home, you can tell he’s been drinking. But you don’t say a word because he hates to be told anything. So you try to sleep so you can dream about the good old days. You think about the great meals your mother used to cook, and how nice your room was at home.
an earlier period of time in your life or in history that is seen as better/worse than the present
95
dried-up
Then you remember how she tried to talk you out of marrying so young, and how you got mad at her and called her a dried-up old woman who forgot what it was like to be in love.
(늙어서) 쭈글쭈글한
96
push sth out of your mind
And you try to push the thoughts of other boys out of your mind, but those thoughts keep coming back.
L. to try not to think about something, especially something bad or worrying
97
for real
You have the feeling that the husband you chose and the baby and the life you lead are all part of a bad dream. But you know it’s no dream. It’s for real.
genuine or serious
98
cry yourself to sleep
You have the feeling that the husband you chose and the baby and the life you lead are all part of a bad dream. But you know it’s no dream. It’s for real. You cry yourself to sleep and wake up with a splitting headache in the morning.
M. cry yourself to sleep (=cry continuously until you sleep)
99
splitting/ˈsplɪtɪŋ/
You have the feeling that the husband you chose and the baby and the life you lead are all part of a bad dream. But you know it’s no dream. It’s for real. You cry yourself to sleep and wake up with a splitting headache in the morning.
[only before noun] if you have a splitting headache, you have a very bad pain in your head
100
file/faɪl/V
When the bus stopped, everyone filed out and waited under some large shade trees.
4. [intransitive] + adverb/preposition to walk in a line of people, one after the other, in a particular direction
101
shade tree
When the bus stopped, everyone filed out and waited under some large shade trees.
a tree that is planted to provide shade
102
windy/ˈwɪndi/
“Wow!” said Steven over the wind. “It’s even more windy here than it was at school!”
1. (of weather, etc.) with a lot of wind [SYN] windless
2. (of a place) getting a lot of wind
103
amazed/əˈmeɪzd/
Jesse was amazed at how different her own shirt, jeans and sneakers were from the woman’s.
very surprised
104
motion/ˈmoʊʃn/V
Mrs. Mason spoke to the woman for a minute, then motioned for the students to gather around and listen.
[intransitive, transitive] to make a movement, usually with your hand or head to show somebody what you want them to do
105
gust/ɡʌst/N
Just then, a gust of wind caught at Mrs. Hoff’s full skirt and nearly pushed her backward. The students giggled.
1. a sudden strong increase in the amount and speed of wind that is blowing
106
clutch/catch at sth/sb
Just then, a gust of wind caught at Mrs. Hoff’s full skirt and nearly pushed her backward. The students giggled.
O. to try to quickly get hold of something/somebody
M. to reach out and try to get hold of something
107
barn/bɑːrn/
“Now, I’d like half of you to come with me to the barn first. The rest of you will go with Mrs. Mason to see what’s happening in the farm kitchen. Okay?” With a swing of her skirt, Mrs. Hoff set off toward the barn.
1. a large farm building for storing grain or keeping animals in
108
swing/swɪŋ/N
“Now, I’d like half of you to come with me to the barn first. The rest of you will go with Mrs. Mason to see what’s happening in the farm kitchen. Okay?” With a swing of her skirt, Mrs. Hoff set off toward the barn.
1. [countable] a swinging movement or rhythm
109
set off
“Now, I’d like half of you to come with me to the barn first. The rest of you will go with Mrs. Mason to see what’s happening in the farm kitchen. Okay?” With a swing of her skirt, Mrs. Hoff set off toward the barn.
O. to begin a journey
M1. [intransitive] to leave on a trip or start going somewhere
110
elementary/ˌelɪˈmentri/
A real person is one who manages to be himself. This sounds elementary, and perhaps even naive, but don’t be fooled.
3. very simple and easy
111
be yourself
A real person is one who manages to be himself. This sounds elementary, and perhaps even naive, but don’t be fooled. Being yourself is a challenging task because first you need to know yourself. And few people do.
1402DD1) This is great, (right), you know? (yeah), I feel close to you, (yeah). But sometimes I don’t know, I feel like you’re breathing helium, and I’m breathing oxygen.
What makes you say that? (헬륨 마신 목소리로)
See? I’m trying to truly connect and you make a joke.
What! Come on, I’m just being myself!
to act naturally
112
challenging/ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/
A real person is one who manages to be himself. This sounds elementary, and perhaps even naive, but don’t be fooled. Being yourself is a challenging task because first you need to know yourself. And few people do.
1. difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability
113
offend/əˈfend/
What are you really like? Would you be offended if I were to suggest that you are two people? Well, after all, everyone is.
1. [transitive, often passive, intransitive] offend (somebody)
to make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassing
114
self/self/N
What are you really like? Would you be offended if I were to suggest that you are two people? Well, after all, everyone is. First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice. Second is the self you proudly present to the world: courageous, confident, mature, selfless. This is the self each of us wants the world to see.
2. [uncountable] also the self [singular] (formal)
a person's personality or character that makes them different from other people
115
nagging/ˈnæɡɪŋ/
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
[only before noun]
O1. continuing for a long time and difficult to cure or remove
M1. affecting you in an unpleasant way for a long time and difficult to get rid of
116
insecurity/ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrəti/
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
(이 문맥에선 정의 확실히 알 수 없음.)
[uncountable, countable]
insecure:
L1. not feeling at all confident about yourself, your abilities, or your relationships with people
L2. a job, investment etc that is insecure does not give you a feeling of safety, because it might to be taken away or lost at any time
117
twinge (of sth)
| /twɪndʒ/
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
2. twinge (of something) a sudden short feeling of an unpleasant emotion
118
envy/ˈenvi/N
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
[uncountable] the feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as somebody else; the feeling of wanting something that somebody else has [SYN] jealousy
119
cowardice/ˈkaʊərdɪs/
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
O. [uncountable] fear or lack of courage [OPP] bravery, courage
M. [uncountable] behavior that shows you are not brave enough to fight or do something difficult or dangerous that you should do
120
avarice/ˈævərɪs/
First you are the self with many unattractive qualities: the secret desires, the large and small fears, the nagging insecurities, the twinges of envy, of cowardice, of avarice.
[uncountable] (formal) extreme desire for wealth [SYN] greed
121
courageous/kəˈreɪdʒəs/
Second is the self you proudly present to the world: courageous, confident, mature, selfless. This is the self each of us wants the world to see.
showing courage [SYN] brave [OPP] cowardly
122
selfless/ˈselfləs/
Second is the self you proudly present to the world: courageous, confident, mature, selfless. This is the self each of us wants the world to see.
thinking more about the needs, happiness, etc. of other people than about your own [OPP] selfish
123
pretend/prɪˈtend/V
1. It is impossible to be 100 percent real. The society we live in, whatever society that may be, requires us to pretend to behave in a certain prescribed manner, even though it may be contrary to our own desire.
3. L58) He is not driven to exaggerate his virtues or his achievements. He doesn’t pretend to be wealthier, wiser, better or worse than he really is.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe something that is not true
3. [intransitive, transitive] (usually used in negative sentences and questions) to claim to be, do or have something, especially when this is not true
124
prescribed/prɪˈskraɪbd/
It is impossible to be 100 percent real. The society we live in, whatever society that may be, requires us to pretend to behave in a certain prescribed manner, even though it may be contrary to our own desire.
decided by a law or a rule
125
manner/ˈmænər/
It is impossible to be 100 percent real. The society we live in, whatever society that may be, requires us to pretend to behave in a certain prescribed manner, even though it may be contrary to our own desire.
1. [singular] (formal) the way that something is done or happens
M1. [singular] the way that you do something, or the way that something happens
126
contrary to sth
| /ˈkɑːntreri/
It is impossible to be 100 percent real. The society we live in, whatever society that may be, requires us to pretend to behave in a certain prescribed manner, even though it may be contrary to our own desire.
1. contrary to something different from something; against something
127
camper/ˈkæmpər/
Everyone was laughing as they watched Joy, one of the campers in Ben’s group at Space Camp.
1. a person who spends a holiday/vacation living in a tent or at a holiday camp
128
weightlessness/ˈweɪtləsnəs/
She was sitting in a chair that made her have a feeling of weightlessness, which is the same feeling people experience on the moon.
weightless: having no weight or appearing to have no weight, for example because there is no gravity
129
float/floʊt/V
“I feel as if I’m floating on air. I could stay here all day,” said Joy, giggling.
1. [intransitive] + adverb/preposition to move slowly on water or in the air [SYN] drift
130
micro-/ˈmaɪkroʊ/
“Sorry, Joy. You have to come back down to Earth. Ken and Meg have to take their turns in the micro-gravity chair,” said Jean.
1. (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) small; on a small scale [SYN] macro-
131
the air
| /er/
The chair was lowered from the air and Joy joined the rest of the campers as Ken took his turn.
2. [uncountable] (usually the air) the space above the ground or that is around things
132
consistency/kənˈsɪstənsi/
So, a genuine person has a consistency which runs through every phase of his interpersonal relationships.
1. [uncountable] (approving) the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc; the quality of being consistent [OPP] inconsistency
133
run through sth
So, a genuine person has a consistency which runs through every phase of his interpersonal relationships.
3. [no passive] to be present in every part of something
134
phase/feɪz/N
So, a genuine person has a consistency which runs through every phase of his interpersonal relationships.
1. a stage in a process of change or development
135
interpersonal/ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl/
So, a genuine person has a consistency which runs through every phase of his interpersonal relationships.
[only before noun] connected with relationships between people
136
shower/ˈʃaʊər/V
He doesn’t shower someone with attention one day and ignore him the next.
4. [transitive] to give somebody a lot of something
137
wear/wer/V
He doesn’t wear one face for the CEO and another for the janitor.
3. [transitive] wear something to have a particular expression on your face
138
bark/bɑːrk/V
He doesn’t smile sweetly to his dinner partner and then, within seconds, bark orders to the waiter.
2. [transitive] to give orders, ask questions, etc. in a loud, unfriendly way
139
ethical/ˈeθɪkl/
He operates at a high ethical level and within a predictable framework.
1. connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong
140
framework/ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/
He operates at a high ethical level and within a predictable framework.
2. framework (of/for something)
a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc
141
trying/ˈtraɪɪŋ/
He operates at a high ethical level and within a predictable framework. His responses to trying situations are disciplined and civilized.
annoying or difficult to deal with
142
disciplined/ˈdɪsəplɪnd/
He operates at a high ethical level and within a predictable framework. His responses to trying situations are disciplined and civilized.
M. well organized and following rules or standards
143
civilized/ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/
He operates at a high ethical level and within a predictable framework. His responses to trying situations are disciplined and civilized.
3. having or showing polite and reasonable behaviour
144
principle/ˈprɪnsəpl/
He doesn’t switch positions, abandon his principles, or change his personality to fit his mood, the company, the weather, or the state of his digestion.
1. [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions
145
fit/fɪt/V
He doesn’t switch positions, abandon his principles, or change his personality to fit his mood, the company, the weather, or the state of his digestion.
6. [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) to agree with, match or be suitable for something; to make something do this
146
conversational/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənl/
A “real” person uses a simple conversational alphabet. There is no capital “I” and no small “u”.
2. [only before noun] connected with conversation
147
overwhelm/ˌoʊvərˈwelm/
He doesn’t try to overwhelm others by name-dropping or place-dropping.
1. [often passive] overwhelm somebody
to have such a strong emotional effect on somebody that it is difficult for them to resist or know how to react [SYN] overcome
148
name-dropping
He doesn’t try to overwhelm others by name-dropping or place-dropping.
(place-dropping은 사전에 없는데 name-dropping과 비슷한 의미로 출신지, 출신학교 들먹이는 걸로 해석.)
O. [uncountable] (disapproving) the act of mentioning the names of famous people you know or have met in order to impress other people
M. [uncountable] the act of mentioning famous people who you know or claim to know in order to impress other people
149
brag/bræɡ/V
The man who brags about his family tree reveals himself as the sap.
[intransitive, transitive] brag (to somebody) (about/of something)| brag that…| + speech (disapproving)
to talk too proudly about something you own or something you have done [SYN] boast
150
family tree
The man who brags about his family tree reveals himself as the sap.
a diagram that shows the relationship between members of a family over a long period of time
151
sap/sæp/N
The man who brags about his family tree reveals himself as the sap.
2. [countable] (informal) a stupid person that you can easily trick, or treat unfairly
152
affiliation/əˌfɪliˈeɪʃn/
And we all know people who select their church, politics and clubs solely on the basis of what the affiliation might do for them socially or financially.
[uncountable, countable] (formal) 1. a person's connection with a political party, religion, etc
153
crew/kruː/N
Carmen thought about her first year on the TV show ‘Just for Openers’. She smiled. She remembered how nervous she was when she met the cast and crew for the first time.
3. [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people with special skills working together
154
herself/hɜːrˈself/
She wanted to do a show about the Renaissance Festival in Sterling Forest, Tuxedo, New York. She had gone to the festival herself and loved it.
2. used to emphasize the female subject or object of a sentence
155
viewer/ˈvjuːər/
“I think our viewers would like something that is so different,” Carmen said. Ling asked to hear more.
1. a person watching television
156
villager/ˈvɪlɪdʒər/
The Renaissance Festival is set up to be like a country village in England in the late 1500s. The villagers wear bright costumes made of cotton, silk and velvet. Visitors can rent costumes, too.
a person who lives in a village
157
armor/ˈɑːrmər/N
Knights in armor battle on horseback. There are targets for practicing with a bow and arrow. Some people try their skill at fencing with swords.
[uncountable] 1. special metal clothing that soldiers wore in the past to protect their bodies while fighting
158
on horseback
Knights in armor battle on horseback. There are targets for practicing with a bow and arrow. Some people try their skill at fencing with swords.
sitting on a horse; using horses
159
skill/skɪl/
Knights in armor battle on horseback. There are targets for practicing with a bow and arrow. Some people try their skill at fencing with swords.
- skill in/at something/doing something
1. [uncountable] the ability to do something well
160
price/praɪs/N
Quitting smoking is generally something to celebrate, but for many ex-smokers there is a heavy price to pay on the scales.
2. [singular] the unpleasant things that you must do or experience in order to achieve something or as a result of achieving something
161
swear off sth
A study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control confirmed what many former smokers have learned from experience: Americans who swear off smoking can expect to gain weight - an average of 3.8 kg for women, 2.8 kg for men.
(informal) to promise that you will not do or use something again
162
disturbing/dɪˈstɜːrbɪŋ/
A study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control confirmed what many former smokers have learned from experience: Americans who swear off smoking can expect to gain weight - an average of 3.8 kg for women, 2.8 kg for men. More disturbing is the finding that 1 in 8 women who quit, and 1 in 10 male quitters, add a hefty 13 kg or more, while continuing smokers tend to gain much less.
making you feel anxious and upset or shocked
163
hefty/ˈhefti/
More disturbing is the finding that 1 in 8 women who quit, and 1 in 10 male quitters, add a hefty 13 kg or more, while continuing smokers tend to gain much less.
1. (of a person or an object) big and heavy
164
whopping/ˈwɑːpɪŋ/
A whopping 4,000 people gathered on the central square.
O. (also whopping great) [only before noun] (informal) very big
L. [only before noun] (informal) very large
165
continuing/kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/
More disturbing is the finding that 1 in 8 women who quit, and 1 in 10 male quitters, add a hefty 13 kg or more, while continuing smokers tend to gain much less.
M. [only before noun] happening for a period of time without interruption
166
take sth-up
Health officials are concerned that the desire to stay slim may contribute to the high rate of smoking among American teenage girls, who tend to take up the habit at a younger age than boys.
2. to learn or start to do something, especially for pleasure
167
naturally/ˈnætʃrəli/
The American Journal of Public Health has reported that more than twice as many adolescent girls as boys said they were worried about gaining weight if they quit smoking. Naturally, cigarette companies capitalize on such fears.
1. in a way that you would expect [SYN] of course
168
capitalize on/upon sth
| /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz/
The American Journal of Public Health has reported that more than twice as many adolescent girls as boys said they were worried about gaining weight if they quit smoking. Naturally, cigarette companies capitalize on such fears.
O. to gain a further advantage for yourself from a situation [SYN] take advantage of sth
M. to use an event or a situation to help you to achieve something or to get an advantage
169
loom large
Unfortunately, doctors note, even modest weight gains can loom large for women: a gain of 3.8 kg, for instance, can translate into a different dress size; for men it may mean only letting the belt out a notch.
O. to be worrying or frightening and seem hard to avoid
L. to seem important, worrying, and difficult to avoid
M1. to have a lot of importance or influence over someone or something
170
let sth-out
Unfortunately, doctors note, even modest weight gains can loom large for women: a gain of 3.8 kg, for instance, can translate into a different dress size; for men it may mean only letting the belt out a notch.
2. to make a shirt, coat, etc. looser or larger [OPP] take in
L2. to make a piece of clothing wider or looser, especially because it is too tight
171
stilt/stɪlt/
Musicians also play there for people who dance on stilts. The dancers wear long, colorful fringed pants over the tall, wooden stilts. Then pants make the stilts look like long legs.
[usually plural] 2. one of two long pieces of wood that have a step on the side that you can stand on, so that you can walk above the ground
172
fringed/frɪndʒd/
The dancers wear long, colorful fringed pants over the tall, wooden stilts.
M. decorated with a fringe or fringes
173
applaud/əˈplɔːd/
The audience applauds as the dancers move on the stage in time with the music.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to show your approval of somebody/something by clapping your hands
174
time/taɪm/N
| in time to/with sth
The audience applauds as the dancers move on the stage in time with the music.
time: O12. [uncountable] the correct speed and rhythm of a piece of music
in time to/with sth: L. if you do something in time to a piece of music, you do it using the same rhythm and speed as the musics
175
visitor/ˈvɪzɪtər/
There is always a play going on somewhere at the festival. Actors in costume walk around the festival carrying their props in a trunk. Visitors are asked to join in a play. They can also shout and sing as part of the audience.
visitor (to…) a person who visits a person or place
176
```
join in (sth/doing sth)
join in (with sb/sth)
```
There is always a play going on somewhere at the festival. Actors in costume walk around the festival carrying their props in a trunk. Visitors are asked to join in a play. They can also shout and sing as part of the audience.
to take part in an activity with other people
177
have a heart of gold
Carmen told Ling that when she was there she had been picked for one of the plays. She played a good princess with a heart of gold.
to be a very kind person
178
fire-breathing
During the play, she had to fight a fire-breathing dragon. “Fighting the dragon was easy. Keeping the pointed hat on my head and the veil of the hat out of my mouth was the hard part,” Carmen explained.
불을 뿜는
179
bad breath
O) Have I got bad breath?
[uncountable] breath that smells unpleasant [SYN] halitosis
180
fight/faɪt/V
2. During the play, she had to fight a fire-breathing dragon. “Fighting the dragon was easy. Keeping the pointed hat on my head and the veil of the hat out of my mouth was the hard part,” Carmen explained.
- 전치사 없이 바로 fight somebody로 연결하는 것.
4. R2) Six years later, while fighting a forest fire in New Mexico, firefighters found a black bear cub clinging to a tree.
2. [intransitive, transitive] fight (somebody) to struggle physically with somebody
4. [transitive, intransitive] fight (something) to try hard to stop, deal with or oppose something bad
181
pointed/ˈpɔɪntɪd/
During the play, she had to fight a fire-breathing dragon. “Fighting the dragon was easy. Keeping the pointed hat on my head and the veil of the hat out of my mouth was the hard part,” Carmen explained.
1. having a sharp end
182
veil/veɪl/N
During the play, she had to fight a fire-breathing dragon. “Fighting the dragon was easy. Keeping the pointed hat on my head and the veil of the hat out of my mouth was the hard part,” Carmen explained.
1. a covering of very thin transparent material worn, especially by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a hat, etc
183
nothing but
Nothing but time can cure the common cold, but a simple cup of salt water might ease the misery this winter.
only; no more/less than
184
cure/kjʊr/V
Nothing but time can cure the common cold, but a simple cup of salt water might ease the misery this winter.
2. cure something to make an illness go away
185
the common cold
Nothing but time can cure the common cold, but a simple cup of salt water might ease the misery this winter.
[singular] = cold n (2)
- cold: O2. [countable] (also less frequent the common cold) a common illness that affects the nose and/or throat, making you cough, sneeze, etc
186
ease/iːz/V
Nothing but time can cure the common cold, but a simple cup of salt water might ease the misery this winter.
The bottom line: Gargling with a saline solution can ease symptoms of a cold.
1. [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something less unpleasant, painful, severe, etc. [SYN] alleviate
187
misery/ˈmɪzəri/
Nothing but time can cure the common cold, but a simple cup of salt water might ease the misery this winter.
1. [uncountable] great suffering of the mind or body [SYN] distress
188
sore/sɔːr/adj.
A sore, itchy throat and respiratory congestion are some of the more common symptoms of a cold, and gargling with salt water seems to help for several reasons.
1. if a part of your body is sore, it is painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much
189
itchy/ˈɪtʃi/
A sore, itchy throat and respiratory congestion are some of the more common symptoms of a cold, and gargling with salt water seems to help for several reasons.
O. having or producing an itch on the skin
M. if you feel itchy, you have an unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch it (=rub it with your nails)
190
congestion/kənˈdʒestʃən/
A sore, itchy throat and respiratory congestion are some of the more common symptoms of a cold, and gargling with salt water seems to help for several reasons.
[uncountable] 2. (medical) the state of part of the body being blocked with blood or mucus
191
gargle/ˈɡɑːrɡl/V
A sore, itchy throat and respiratory congestion are some of the more common symptoms of a cold, and gargling with salt water seems to help for several reasons.
According to the Mayo Clinic, for best results, dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a full glass of warm water and gargle the solution for a few seconds before spitting it out.
- 사전에는 transitive 정의 없는데, 구글 검색해보면 gargle the solution 엄청 많이 씀.
O. [intransitive] gargle (with something) to wash inside your mouth and throat by moving a liquid around at the back of your throat and then spitting it out
M. to move liquid around in the back of your mouth, in order to clean your mouth and throat
192
saline/ˈseɪliːn/adj.
A saline solution can draw excess fluid from inflamed tissues in the throat, making them hurt less, said Dr. Philip T. Hagen, editor in chief of the “Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies,” which is due out in October.
[usually before noun] (technical) containing salt
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fluid/ˈfluːɪd/N
A saline solution can draw excess fluid from inflamed tissues in the throat, making them hurt less, said Dr. Philip T. Hagen, editor in chief of the “Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies,” which is due out in October.
[countable, uncountable] (formal or technical) a liquid; a substance that can flow
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inflamed/ɪnˈfleɪmd/
A saline solution can draw excess fluid from inflamed tissues in the throat, making them hurt less, said Dr. Philip T. Hagen, editor in chief of the “Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies,” which is due out in October.
1. (of a part of the body) red, sore and hot because of infection or injury
195
editor in chief
A saline solution can draw excess fluid from inflamed tissues in the throat, making them hurt less, said Dr. Philip T. Hagen, editor in chief of the “Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies,” which is due out in October.
[countable] the most senior editor working on a newspaper or magazine who decides what will be printed in it
196
loosen/ˈluːsn/
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
1. [transitive, intransitive] loosen (something) to make something less tight or firmly fixed; to become less tight or firmly fixed [SYN] slacken
197
thick/θɪk/adj.
4. Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
5. R7) During the dry summer months, the trees depend on moisture from the thick fog that often hangs over the coast.
4. not flowing very easily
5. difficult to see through; difficult to breathe in
198
mucus/ˈmjuːkəs/
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
[uncountable] a thick liquid that is produced in parts of the body, such as the nose, by a mucous membrane
199
remove/rɪˈmuːv/V
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
3. to get rid of something unpleasant, dirty, etc; to make something disappear
200
irritant/ˈɪrɪtənt/
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
1. (technical) a substance that makes part of your body sore
201
allergen/ˈælərdʒən/
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
a substance that causes an allergy
202
fungus/ˈfʌŋɡəs/
| plural fungi/ˈfʌndʒaɪ/
Dr. Hagen pointed out that gargling also loosens thick mucus, which can remove irritants like allergens, bacteria and fungi from the throat.
1. [countable] any plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, usually growing on other plants or on decaying matter. Mushrooms and mildew are both fungi.
203
randomize/ˈrændəmaɪz/
In a randomized study published in The American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2005, researchers recruited almost 400 healthy volunteers and followed them for 60 days during cold and flu season.
O. randomize something (technical)
to use a method in an experiment, a piece of research, etc. that gives every item an equal chance of being considered; to put things in a random order
M. [transitive] to choose people or things for a test or experiment in a random way
204
preventive/prɪˈventɪv/
In a randomized study published in The American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2005, researchers recruited almost 400 healthy volunteers and followed them for 60 days during cold and flu season.
(also preventative/prɪˈventətɪv/) [only before noun] intended to try to stop something that causes problems or difficulties from happening
205
recruit/rɪˈkruːt/V
In a randomized study published in The American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2005, researchers recruited almost 400 healthy volunteers and followed them for 60 days during cold and flu season.
1. [transitive, intransitive] recruit (somebody) (to something)| recruit somebody to do something
to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc
206
season/ˈsiːzn/N
In a randomized study published in The American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2005, researchers recruited almost 400 healthy volunteers and followed them for 60 days during cold and flu season.
3. a period of time during a year when a particular activity happens or is done
207
upper respiratory tract infection
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
상기도감염
208
upper/ˈʌpər/adj.
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
R9) The dictionary says soil is upper layer of earth’s surface.
2. at or near the top of something
209
tract/trækt/
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
(respiratory tract: 기도)
1. (biology) a system of connected organs or tissues along which materials or messages pass
L1. [countable] the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract: a system of connected organs that have one main purpose in a part of your body
M1. (medical) a group of organs and tubes that work together in your body
210
compared with/to sth
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
L. used when considering the size, quality, or amount of something in relation to something similar
M. used for talking about the ways in which two things are different, or about the ways in which something has changed
211
attenuate/əˈtenjueɪt/
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
O. attenuate something (formal) to make something weaker or less effective
M. [transitive] (formal) to reduce the strength, amount, or size of something
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bronchial/ˈbrɑːŋkiəl/
At the end of the study period, the group that regularly gargled had a nearly 40 percent decrease in upper respiratory tract infections compared with the control group, and when they did get sick, “gargling tended to attenuate bronchial symptoms,” the researchers wrote.
기관지의.
O. [usually before noun] (medical) of or affecting the two main branches of the windpipe (called bronchial tubes) leading to the lungs
M. (medical) involving or related to your bronchial tubes
213
helpful/ˈhelpfl/
Other studies have also found gargling helpful against sore throats and congestion.
1. able to improve a particular situation [SYN] useful
214
dissolve/dɪˈzɑːlv/
According to the Mayo Clinic, for best results, dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a full glass of warm water and gargle the solution for a few seconds before spitting it out.
2. [transitive] dissolve something (in something)
to make a solid become part of a liquid
215
spit/spɪt/V
| spat, spat
According to the Mayo Clinic, for best results, dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a full glass of warm water and gargle the solution for a few seconds before spitting it out.
1. [transitive] to force liquid, food, etc. out of your mouth
216
palatable/ˈpælətəbl/
Adults who want a more palatable remedy against cough and sore throat can try mixing warm water with lemon and honey. No need to spit it out.
1. (of food or drink) having a pleasant or acceptable taste
217
remedy/ˈremədi/N
Adults who want a more palatable remedy against cough and sore throat can try mixing warm water with lemon and honey. No need to spit it out.
2. a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious
