MO 13-3

Question 1

well fed

Answer 1

North Koreans are on average three inches shorter than their well-fed cousins in the South.

having plenty of good food to eat regularly

Question 2

cousin/ˈkʌzn/

Answer 2

North Koreans are on average three inches shorter than their well-fed cousins in the South.

3. [usually plural] a way of describing people from another country who are similar in some way to people in your own country

Question 3

! deem/diːm/

Answer 3

Once somebody is deemed a political enemy, his whole family can be condemned to forced labour too.

[deem something + noun/adjective| deem something to be something| deem (that)…]
(formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about something [SYN] consider

Question 4

! condemn/kənˈdem/

Answer 4

! 2. Once somebody is deemed a political enemy, his whole family can be condemned to forced labour too.

! 1. R136) A key committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics debated spanking for more than 10 years before they decided not to condemn it categorically.

2. [usually passive] to say what somebody’s punishment will be
3. condemn somebody/something (for/as something) to express very strong disapproval of somebody/something, usually for moral reasons
   M1. [transitive] to say publicly that you think someone or something is bad or wrong

Question 5

forced labour

Answer 5

Once somebody is deemed a political enemy, his whole family can be condemned to forced labour too.

1. [uncountable] hard physical work that somebody, often a prisoner or slave, is forced to do

Question 6

! account for sth

Answer 6

M3. Now, Kim Jong Il will never be held to account.

O3. R131) But there were also large tax cuts favoring the wealthy. In particular, taxes on capital gains are much lower than they were in 1979 — and the richest one-thousandth of Americans account for half of all income from capital gains.

M3. to give an explanation for something bad that has happened, especially something that you are responsible for

O3. to be a particular amount or part of something

Question 7

pathologically/ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkli/

Answer 7

Kim was pathologically indifferent to the misery of his people.

pathological:
O1. not reasonable or sensible; impossible to control
M1. pathological behaviour or feelings are not based on reason and cannot be controlled by the person experiencing them

Question 8

indifferent/ɪnˈdɪfrənt/

Answer 8

Kim was pathologically indifferent to the misery of his people.

[not usually before noun] indifferent (to somebody/something) having or showing no interest in somebody/something

Question 9

! by your own lights

Answer 9

By his own lights, life was sweet.

지 입장에서 볼 때는, 지한테는

Question 10

! relish/ˈrelɪʃ/

Answer 10

He relished wielding power over his people and his ability, through nuclear provocation, to milk and manipulate the outside world.

to get great pleasure from something; to want very much to do or have something [SYN] enjoy

Question 11

wield/wiːld/

Answer 11

He relished wielding power over his people and his ability, through nuclear provocation, to milk and manipulate the outside world.

1. wield something to have and use power, authority, etc

Question 12

provocation/ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃn/

Answer 12

He relished wielding power over his people and his ability, through nuclear provocation, to milk and manipulate the outside world.

[uncountable, countable] the act of doing or saying something deliberately in order to make somebody angry or upset; something that is done or said to cause this

Question 13

! milk/mɪlk/V

Answer 13

He relished wielding power over his people and his ability, through nuclear provocation, to milk and manipulate the outside world.

(disapproving) to obtain as much money, advantage, etc. for yourself as you can from a particular situation, especially in a dishonest way

Question 14

manipulate/məˈnɪpjuleɪt/

Answer 14

He relished wielding power over his people and his ability, through nuclear provocation, to milk and manipulate the outside world.

R141) With other drugs you know you are ruining your life. But Adderall manipulates you into thinking you are doing what is needed to have a great life.

O1. (disapproving) to control or influence somebody/something, often in a dishonest way so that they do not realize it
M1. [transitive] to influence someone, or to control something, in a clever or dishonest way

Question 15

dupe/duːp/V

Answer 15

T) He duped me into giving him all the money I had.

O. to trick or cheat somebody
M. [transitive] to trick someone into believing something that is not true or into doing something that is stupid or illegal

Question 16

airliner/ˈerlaɪnər/

Answer 16

He bombed an airliner.

a large plane that carries passengers

Question 17

! indulge/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

Answer 17

He indulged his passion for cinema by kidnapping a South Korean director.

2. [transitive] indulge something to satisfy a particular desire, interest, etc

Question 18

set/set/N

Answer 18

The whole country was his movie set, where he could play God and have the people revere him (see our obituary).

5. [countable] the scenery used for a play, film/movie, etc
6. [countable, uncountable] a place where a play is performed or part of a film/movie is filmed

Question 19

! revere/rɪˈvɪr/

Answer 19

The whole country was his movie set, where he could play God and have the people revere him (see our obituary).

[usually passive] revere somebody (as something) (formal) to feel great respect or admiration for somebody/something [SYN] idolize

Question 20

! obituary/oʊˈbɪtʃueri/

Answer 20

The whole country was his movie set, where he could play God and have the people revere him (see our obituary).

an article about somebody’s life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after they have died

Question 21

portary/pɔːrˈtreɪ/

Answer 21

He was often portrayed as a platform-heeled, bouffanted buffoon—a cartoon villain.

R132) Deficit-worriers portray a future in which we’re impoverished by the need to pay back money we’ve been borrowing.

O2. portray somebody/something (as somebody/something) to describe or show somebody/something in a particular way, especially when this does not give a complete or accurate impression of what they are like [SYN] represent
M1. to show or describe someone or something in a particular way

Question 22

! platform-heeled

Answer 22

He was often portrayed as a platform-heeled, bouffanted buffoon—a cartoon villain.
키작아서 통굽 신었다는 걸 비하한 표현.

platform: O7. a type of shoe with a high, thick sole; the sole on such a shoe

Question 23

! bouffant/buːˈfɑːnt/

Answer 23

He was often portrayed as a platform-heeled, bouffanted buffoon—a cartoon villain.

O. (of a person’s hair) in a style that raises it up and back from the head in a high round shape
M. bouffant hair is arranged in a style that lifts it away from your head
L. a bouffant hair style is one in which your hair is raised away from your head at the top

Question 24

! buffoon/bəˈfuːn/

Answer 24

He was often portrayed as a platform-heeled, bouffanted buffoon—a cartoon villain.

O. (old-fashioned) a person who does silly but amusing things
M. someone who behaves in a stupid and annoying way

Question 25

! villain/ˈvɪlən/

Answer 25

1. He was often portrayed as a platform-heeled, bouffanted buffoon—a cartoon villain.

! 3. R142) But the spiral staircases and narrow doors of many British prisons, built for youthful villains in the 19th century, hinder old bones and wheelchairs.

1. the main bad character in a story, play, etc
2. (British English, informal) a criminal

Question 26

coolly/ˈkuːlli/

Answer 26

Yet he was coolly rational and, in the final reckoning, successful.

O2. in a calm way
M1. calmly, without getting excited or angry

Question 27

rational/ˈræʃnəl/

Answer 27

Yet he was coolly rational and, in the final reckoning, successful.

(of a person) able to think clearly and make decisions based on reason rather than emotions [SYN] reasonable

Question 28

! reckoning/ˈrekənɪŋ/

Answer 28

Yet he was coolly rational and, in the final reckoning, successful.
이제 죽었으니까 이 인간의 인생을 마지막으로 정산을 해보면 성공적이다.

[countable, usually singular, uncountable] a time when somebody’s actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished

Question 29

narrow/ˈnæroʊ/

Answer 29

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him.

4. limited in variety or numbers [SYN] restricted [OPP] wide

Question 30

elite/ɪˈliːt/

Answer 30

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him.

[countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people in a society, etc. who are powerful and have a lot of influence, because they are rich, intelligent, etc

Question 31

above all

Answer 31

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him. And above all, Kim, the family man, ensured that he passed his movie set to a chosen heir, his pudgy third son, Kim Jong Un.

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history. Above all is North Koreans’ sense of racial purity.

O. most important of all; especially
M. used for referring to something that is more important than any of the other things you could mention

Question 32

family man

Answer 32

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him. And above all, Kim, the family man, ensured that he passed his movie set to a chosen heir, his pudgy third son, Kim Jong Un.
여기서 family man은 세습을 비꼬는 것.

a man who has a wife or partner and children; a man who enjoys being at home with his wife or partner and children

Question 33

heir/er/

Answer 33

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him. And above all, Kim, the family man, ensured that he passed his movie set to a chosen heir, his pudgy third son, Kim Jong Un.

[heir (to something)| heir (of somebody)]
1. a person who has the legal right to receive somebody’s property, money or title when that person dies

Question 34

! pudgy/ˈpʌdʒi/

Answer 34

Not only did he himself die at liberty, but he protected an entire generation of the narrow elite who rose with him. And above all, Kim, the family man, ensured that he passed his movie set to a chosen heir, his pudgy third son, Kim Jong Un.

(informal, usually disapproving) slightly fat

Question 35

! unalloyed/ˌʌnəˈlɔɪd/

Answer 35

That is the second reason why there cannot be unalloyed joy at Kim Jong Il’s going.

O. (formal) not mixed with anything else, such as negative feelings [SYN] pure
M. (literary) complete, or perfect

Question 36

! going/ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

Answer 36

That is the second reason why there cannot be unalloyed joy at Kim Jong Il’s going.

죽음

Question 37

dynastic/daɪˈnæstɪk/

dynasty/ˈdaɪnəsti/

Answer 37

The younger Kim represents the third generation of a dynastic Stalinist dictatorship that has ruled North Korea since 1948.
(이건 정의 구분할 필요 없음.)

1. On the one hand, the lack of reform is leading North Korea down a dead end. On the other, a more open country would surely spell the end of the Kim dynasty.
   dynasty: 1. a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family

Question 38

stalinist/ˈstɑːlɪnɪst/

Answer 38

The younger Kim represents the third generation of a dynastic Stalinist dictatorship that has ruled North Korea since 1948.

Stalinism/ˈstɑːlɪnɪzəm/: [uncountable] the policies and beliefs of Stalin, especially that the Communist party should be the only party and that the central government should control the whole political and economic system

Question 39

dictatorship/dɪkˈteɪtərʃɪp/

Answer 39

1. The younger Kim represents the third generation of a dynastic Stalinist dictatorship that has ruled North Korea since 1948.
2. [countable, uncountable] government by a dictator
3. [countable] a country that is ruled by a dictator

Question 40

vicious/ˈvɪʃəs/

Answer 40

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

1. violent and cruel [SYN] brutal

Question 41

factional/ˈfækʃnəl/

Answer 41

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

[only before noun] connected with the factions of an organization or political party

Question 42

squabble/ˈskwɑːbl/N

Answer 42

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

V. [intransitive] squabble (with somebody) (about/over something)
to argue noisily about something that is not very important [SYN] bicker

Question 43

! rage/reɪdʒ/V

Answer 43

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

O2. [intransitive] rage (on) (of a storm, a battle, an argument, etc.) to continue in a violent way
M1. [intransitive] mainly journalism to continue with a lot of force, violence, or angry arguments

Question 44

behind the scenes

Answer 44

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

2. in a way that people in general are not aware of

Question 45

stage/steɪdʒ/V

Answer 45

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

1. stage something to organize and present a play or an event for people to see

Question 46

! fall into line behind sb

Answer 46

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.
정권이 김정은 뒤에 줄섰다.

Question 47

! regent/ˈriːdʒənt/

Answer 47

Vicious factional fighting or family squabbles may rage behind the scenes, but the staging of his father’s funeral on December 28th was designed to show that, in public, the regime has fallen into line behind the son, with his uncle and aunt as regents.

a person who rules a country because the king or queen is too young, old, ill/sick, etc

Question 48

continuity/ˌkɑːntəˈnuːəti/

Answer 48

Continuity is the imperative.

[uncountable] the fact of not stopping or not changing [OPP] discontinuity

Question 49

! imperative/ɪmˈperətɪv/N

Answer 49

Continuity is the imperative.

1. (formal) a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action

Question 50

cheerful/ˈtʃɪrfl/

Answer 50

Since more of the same means more misery at home and more nuclear blackmail abroad, that is no reason to be cheerful.

1. happy, and showing it by the way that you behave

Question 51

swift/swɪft/adj.

Answer 51

In 1994, at the death of Kim Jong Il’s father, Kim Il Sung, The Economist hoped, as it does now, for the regime’s swift collapse and the North’s reunification with the South.

1. happening or done quickly and immediately; doing something quickly

Question 52

reunification/ˌriːˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

Answer 52

In 1994, at the death of Kim Jong Il’s father, Kim Il Sung, The Economist hoped, as it does now, for the regime’s swift collapse and the North’s reunification with the South.

[uncountable] the process of joining together parts of a country that were divided so that they form one country again

Question 53

! irresistible/ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/

Answer 53

The irresistible logic, we claimed, was for economic reform and for the regime to crumble.

O. so strong that it cannot be stopped or resisted [OPP] resistible

Question 54

reform/rɪˈfɔːrm/N

Answer 54

The irresistible logic, we claimed, was for economic reform and for the regime to crumble.

[uncountable, countable] change that is made to a social system, an organization, etc. in order to improve or correct it

Question 55

crumble/ˈkrʌmbl/

Answer 55

The irresistible logic, we claimed, was for economic reform and for the regime to crumble.

O3. [intransitive] to begin to fail or get weaker or to come to an end

Question 56

inherit/ɪnˈherɪt/

Answer 56

Today, Kim Jong Un inherits two valuable prizes: nuclear weapons (and the leverage they offer) plus unambiguous support from China.

1. [transitive, intransitive] inherit (something) (from somebody) to receive money, property, etc. from somebody when they die

Question 57

valuable/ˈvæljuəbl/

Answer 57

Today, Kim Jong Un inherits two valuable prizes: nuclear weapons (and the leverage they offer) plus unambiguous support from China.

valuable (to somebody/something) very useful or important

Question 58

prize/praɪz/N

Answer 58

Today, Kim Jong Un inherits two valuable prizes: nuclear weapons (and the leverage they offer) plus unambiguous support from China.

O2. something very important or valuable that is difficult to achieve or obtain
L2. something that is very valuable to you or that it is very important to have:

Question 59

! leverage/ˈlevərɪdʒ/N

Answer 59

Today, Kim Jong Un inherits two valuable prizes: nuclear weapons (and the leverage they offer) plus unambiguous support from China.

O1. [uncountable] (formal) the ability to influence what people do
M1. [uncountable] the power to make someone do what you want

Question 60

! unambiguous/ˌʌnæmˈbɪɡjuəs/

Answer 60

Today, Kim Jong Un inherits two valuable prizes: nuclear weapons (and the leverage they offer) plus unambiguous support from China.

clear in meaning; that can only be understood in one way [OPP] ambiguous

Question 61

hesitate/ˈhezɪteɪt/

Answer 61

These are not the only reasons to hesitate before predicting the dynasty’s imminent destruction.

2. [intransitive] hesitate to do something to be worried about doing something, especially because you are not sure that it is right or appropriate
   M. to pause before doing something, or to do something very slowly, usually because you are nervous, embarrassed, or worried

Question 62

imminent/ˈɪmɪnənt/

Answer 62

These are not the only reasons to hesitate before predicting the dynasty’s imminent destruction.

R133) But does Apple’s surge to pre-eminence, along with the imminent flotation of Facebook, a social-networking giant, indicate that the stockmarket is back to the insane days of the late 1990s?

(especially of something unpleasant) likely to happen very soon

Question 63

destruction/dɪˈstrʌkʃn/

Answer 63

These are not the only reasons to hesitate before predicting the dynasty’s imminent destruction.

[uncountable] the act of destroying something; the process of being destroyed

Question 64

resent/rɪˈzent/

Answer 64

Among the North Koreans who have greatest reason to resent the regime are rural dwellers too remote and impoverished to challenge it.

to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair

Question 65

dweller/ˈdwelər/

Answer 65

Among the North Koreans who have greatest reason to resent the regime are rural dwellers too remote and impoverished to challenge it.

(especially in compounds) a person or an animal that lives in the particular place that is mentioned

Question 66

remote/rɪˈmoʊt/adj.

Answer 66

Among the North Koreans who have greatest reason to resent the regime are rural dwellers too remote and impoverished to challenge it.

M1a. far away in distance or space

Question 67

impoverished/ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/

Answer 67

Among the North Koreans who have greatest reason to resent the regime are rural dwellers too remote and impoverished to challenge it.

very poor; without money

Question 68

countrywide/ˌkʌntriˈwaɪd/

Answer 68

And if they did, a countrywide system of repression allows no room for dissent.

over the whole of a country [SYN] nationwide

Question 69

repression/rɪˈpreʃn/

Answer 69

And if they did, a countrywide system of repression allows no room for dissent.

1. [uncountable] the act of using force to control a group of people and restrict their freedom

Question 70

! dissent/dɪˈsent/
dissenter/dɪˈsentər/
dissident/ˈdɪsɪdənt/

Answer 70

And if they did, a countrywide system of repression allows no room for dissent.

KE1022) Australia got the bad name due to its censorship against postings that have to do with child pornography, drugs and terrorism. All the rest got in because they were cracking down on political dissidents on line.

dissent: (formal) 1. [uncountable] the fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted
dissenter: a person who does not agree with opinions that are officially or generally accepted

dissident: a person who strongly disagrees with and criticizes their government, especially in a country where this kind of action is dangerous
* 민주당은 dissidents가 아님. 압제적 정권에서 쓰임. 북한, 시리아 등

Question 71

revolutionary/ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/

Answer 71

The elites around the Kim family—almost all revolutionary princelings—know that their own survival is linked to the regime’s.

1. [usually before noun] connected with political revolution

Question 72

princeling/ˈprɪnslɪŋ/

Answer 72

The elites around the Kim family—almost all revolutionary princelings—know that their own survival is linked to the regime’s.

(usually disapproving) a prince who rules a small or unimportant country

Question 73

link/lɪŋk/V

Answer 73

The elites around the Kim family—almost all revolutionary princelings—know that their own survival is linked to the regime’s.

[often passive] 2. if something links two things, facts or situations, or they are linked, they are connected in some way

Question 74

loyalist/ˈlɔɪəlɪst/

Answer 74

Meanwhile, the capital, Pyongyang, made up only of loyalists, is doing relatively well.

O1. a person who is loyal to the ruler or government, or to a political party, especially during a time of change
M1. someone who supports their government, especially during a revolution

Question 75

outsider/ˌaʊtˈsaɪdər/

Answer 75

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history.

2. a person who is not part of a particular organization or profession

Question 76

! grasp/ɡræsp/V

Answer 76

2. Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history.

R138) I don’t care how many factory jobs have been lost, it still doesn’t make sense to drop out of high school. The influences that lead so many to do so are much deeper and more complicated than anything that can be grasped in an economic model or populist slogan.

2. to understand something completely

Question 77

personality cult

Answer 77

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history.

(disapproving) a situation in which people are encouraged to show extreme love and admiration for a famous person, especially a political leader

Question 78

flow from sth

Answer 78

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history.

(formal) to come or result from something

Question 79

myth/mɪθ/

Answer 79

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history.

[countable, uncountable] something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false [SYN] fallacy

Question 80

purity/ˈpjʊrəti/

Answer 80

Hardest for an outsider to grasp is that the Kim personality cult flows from powerful myths about race and history. Above all is North Koreans’ sense of racial purity.

[uncountable] the state or quality of being pure [OPP] impurity

Question 81

warm/wɔːrm/

Answer 81

They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse.

3. showing enthusiasm and/or affection; friendly

Question 82

! doting/ˈdoʊtɪŋ/

Answer 82

They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse.

[only before noun] showing a lot of love for somebody, often ignoring their faults

Question 83

guard/ɡɑːrd/V

Answer 83

They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse.

guard somebody/something to protect property, places or people from attack or danger

Question 84

vulnerable/ˈvʌlnərəbl/

Answer 84

M3. They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse.

M1. R142) In December 2012 Rimutaka prison, New Zealand’s biggest, opened the country’s first unit for vulnerable inmates (it is in a former youth wing).

M3. easily damaged by something negative or harmful

M1. someone who is vulnerable is weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally

Question 85

weep/wiːp/V

Answer 85

Some of the weeping that followed Kim Jong Il’s death may thus have been genuine.

1. [intransitive, transitive] (formal or literary) to cry, usually because you are sad

Question 86

cynicism/ˈsɪnɪsɪzəm/

Answer 86

The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state’s capacity to stamp them out.

M2. [uncountable] the belief that things will not be successful or useful

Question 87

mechanism/ˈmekənɪzəm/

Answer 87

The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state’s capacity to stamp them out.

2. a method or a system for achieving something

Question 88

! durable/ˈdjʊərəbl, ˈdʊrəbl/

Answer 88

The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state’s capacity to stamp them out.

likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker

Question 89

black market

Answer 89

Black markets have sprung up, along with a thriving petty trade across the border with China.

[usually singular] an illegal form of trade in which foreign money, or goods that are difficult to obtain, are bought and sold

Question 90

petty/ˈpeti/

Answer 90

Black markets have sprung up, along with a thriving petty trade across the border with China.

1. (usually disapproving) [usually before noun] small and unimportant [SYN] minor

Question 91

smuggle/ˈsmʌɡl/

Answer 91

North Koreans watching South Korean soap operas on smuggled DVD players now know that their leaders have lied about the supposedly poor and oppressed people in the South.

smuggle something/somebody (+ adverb/preposition) to take, send or bring goods or people secretly and illegally into or out of a country, etc

Question 92

! supposedly/səˈpoʊzɪdli/

Answer 92

North Koreans watching South Korean soap operas on smuggled DVD players now know that their leaders have lied about the supposedly poor and oppressed people in the South.

! L131) With President Obama and the country’s new consumer watchdog czar at their dining room table today, they became the poster family for everything the new agency plans to change. Harassment by debt collectors? Gone. Sky high fees on supposedly free checking accounts? Gone. And an endless paper trail of mortgage documents? Gone.
(당연히 그렇게 되도록 기대되어지는, 당연히 그래야 되는)

according to what is generally thought or believed but not known for certain [SYN] allegedly

Question 93

oppressed/əˈprest/

Answer 93

North Koreans watching South Korean soap operas on smuggled DVD players now know that their leaders have lied about the supposedly poor and oppressed people in the South.

1. treated in a cruel and unfair way and not given the same freedom, rights, etc. as other people

Question 94

! irreversible/ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

Answer 94

All this is altering the country in irreversible ways—and one of these days will threaten the regime’s survival (see article).

! R143) Efforts to find effective treatments for more advanced stages of Alzheimer’s have been largely discouraging, so researchers and drug companies have increasingly focused on finding and treating patients before there is too much irreversible injury to the brain.

that cannot be changed back to what it was before [OPP] reversible

Question 95

! one of these days

Answer 95

All this is altering the country in irreversible ways—and one of these days will threaten the regime’s survival (see article).

M. at some time in the future
O. before a long time has passed

Question 96

! conundrum/kəˈnʌndrəm/

Answer 96

All this is altering the country in irreversible ways—and one of these days will threaten the regime’s survival (see article). This presents China with a conundrum.

1. a confusing problem or question that is very difficult to solve

Question 97

strategist/ˈstrætədʒɪst/

Answer 97

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

O. a person who is skilled at planning things, especially military activities
M. someone who develops and carries out a plan, especially a business, military, or political plan

Question 98

! prop sth-up

Answer 98

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

O2. (often disapproving) to help something that is having difficulties
M2. to help a government, system, organization etc to continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support

Question 99

instability/ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

Answer 99

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

[uncountable, countable, usually plural] 1. the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly

Question 100

unify/ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/

Answer 100

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

unify something to join people, things, parts of a country, etc. together so that they form a single unit

Question 101

troop/truːp/

Answer 101

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

1. troops [plural] soldiers, especially in large groups

Question 102

up against sth/sb

Answer 102

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

KE1028) So what led us here? Always pushing their kids to ‘perform’ better in school, parents were mostly off guard when it comes to what their children have been up against in school in terms of their agonies, friendships and other emotional issues.

O. (informal) facing problems or opposition
L. having to deal with a difficult situation or opponent

Question 103

frontier/frʌnˈtɪr/

Answer 103

The strategists in Beijing have propped up the regime both because they fear instability on their border and even more because they worry about a unified Korea, perhaps with American troops hard up against the Chinese frontier for the first time in over 60 years.

1. (British English) [countable] a line that separates two countries, etc; the land near this line

Question 104

dead end

Answer 104

On the one hand, the lack of reform is leading North Korea down a dead end. On the other, a more open country would surely spell the end of the Kim dynasty.

2. a point at which you can make no further progress in what you are doing

Question 105

spell/spel/V

spelt, spelt

Answer 105

On the one hand, the lack of reform is leading North Korea down a dead end. On the other, a more open country would surely spell the end of the Kim dynasty.

4. [transitive] spell something (for somebody/something) to have something, usually something bad, as a result; to mean something, usually something bad

Question 106

bless/bles/

Answer 106

It is why Kim Jong Il never blessed change, no matter how many times the Chinese showed him their economic miracle.
변화를 축복해주지 않았다. 즉, 변화를 내버려두지 않았다는 의미로 씀.

1. bless somebody/something to ask God to protect somebody/something

Question 107

cereal/ˈsɪriəl/

Answer 107

As world cereals prices soar, some companies are talking of importing GM maize starting May.

1. [countable] one of various types of grass that produce grains that can be eaten or are used to make flour or bread. Wheat, barley and rye are all cereals

Question 108

soar/sɔːr/

Answer 108

As world cereals prices soar, some companies are talking of importing GM maize starting May.

[intransitive] if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly [SYN] rocket

Question 109

maize/meɪz/

Answer 109

As world cereals prices soar, some companies are talking of importing GM maize starting May.

M. [uncountable] a tall plant that produces yellow seeds that are called sweetcorn when cooked and eaten. The American word is corn.

Question 110

resistant/rɪˈzɪstənt/

Answer 110

1. GM crops refer to those engineered to be resistant to pests and look better.
2. L142) With their parents’ permission we gave six kids, ages 3 through 6, bottles that are supposed to be child-resistant to see how hard they are to open.
3. resistant (to something) not affected by something; able to resist something
4. -resistant (in adjectives) not damaged by the thing mentioned

Question 111

pest/pest/

Answer 111

GM crops refer to those engineered to be resistant to pests and look better.

1. an insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc

Question 112

inappropriate/ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

Answer 112

However, they’re not yet proven to be safe, making it inappropriate to import in large quantities.

not suitable or appropriate in a particular situation [OPP] appropriate

Question 113

label/ˈleɪbl/V

Answer 113

Under the Agricultural Products Quality Control Act, genetically modified crops are mandated to be labeled as such.

[often passive] 1. label something to fix a label on something or write information on something

Question 114

! stipulate/ˈstɪpjuleɪt/

Answer 114

However, the Korea Food and Drug Administration stipulates that under the ‘standards on labeling of genetically modified foods’, the end product is not required to be labeled that if it has no trace of modified genetic materials or proteins in it. A perfect recipe for confusion.

(formal) to state clearly and firmly that something must be done, or how it must be done [SYN] specify

Question 115

end product

Answer 115

However, the Korea Food and Drug Administration stipulates that under the ‘standards on labeling of genetically modified foods’, the end product is not required to be labeled that if it has no trace of modified genetic materials or proteins in it. A perfect recipe for confusion.

O. something that is produced by a particular activity or process
M. the thing that is produced at the end of a process

Question 116

recipe for sth

/ˈresəpi/

Answer 116

However, the Korea Food and Drug Administration stipulates that under the ‘standards on labeling of genetically modified foods’, the end product is not required to be labeled that if it has no trace of modified genetic materials or proteins in it. A perfect recipe for confusion.

2. a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular results [SYN] formula

Question 117

strip/strɪp/V

Answer 117

Stripping consumers of that right is dangerous and puts their health at risk.

O6. [transitive] strip somebody of something to take away property or honours from somebody, as a punishment
M4. [transitive] to take something away using force or authority

Question 118

compromise/ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/V

Answer 118

M2. GMO labeling is something that should not be compromised.
L130) The official who oversees the air marshals, John Pistole, told ABC news today that security was absolutely not compromised by the bad behavior of some of the agency’s air marshals.

M2. [transitive] to risk harming or losing something important
O3. [transitive] compromise somebody/something/yourself
to bring somebody/something/yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible

Question 119

investigative/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtɪv/

investigation/ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/

Answer 119

Now, an ABC news investigation tonight, whistleblowers have come out of the shadows speaking exclusively to ABC’s chief investigative correspondent Brian Ross.

Florida senator Bill Nelson asked for a full inspector general’s investigation of the air marshals two years ago.

investigative: [usually before noun] involving examining an event or a situation to find out the truth
investigation: [countable, uncountable] an official examination of the facts about a situation, crime, etc

Question 120

whistle-blower

blow the whistle on sb/sth

Answer 120

Now, an ABC news investigation tonight, whistleblowers have come out of the shadows speaking exclusively to ABC’s chief investigative correspondent Brian Ross.

M) People should be able to blow the whistle on corruption without losing their jobs.

whistle-blower: (used especially in newspapers) a person who informs people in authority or the public that the company they work for is doing something wrong or illegal

blow the whistle on sb/sth: to tell the public or someone in authority about something wrong that you know someone is doing, especially at the place where you work. A person who does this is called a whistle-blower

Question 121

come out of the shadows

Answer 121

Now, an ABC news investigation tonight, whistleblowers have come out of the shadows speaking exclusively to ABC’s chief investigative correspondent Brian Ross.

음지에서 나왔다. 이런 느낌으로 쓰임. 사전에는 없네.

Question 122

! air marshal

Answer 122

They are air marshals entrusted with keeping Americans safe on planes.

(also sky marshal) an armed guard, especially a government official, who travels on a plane with the passengers in order to protect the plane from terrorists

Question 123

! entrust/ɪnˈtrʌst/

Answer 123

They are air marshals entrusted with keeping Americans safe on planes.

S10DD1) You are almost ready to be entrusted with secret ingredient of my secret ingredient soup.

(formal) to make somebody responsible for doing something or taking care of somebody

Question 124

! ranks/ræŋks/N

Answer 124

M4. Their ranks have swelled since 9/11.

5. T) South Korea has yet to join the ranks of advanced countries.

M4. ranks [plural] all the people within a group, organization etc

5. the ranks [plural] the members of a particular group or organization

Question 125

have yet to do sth

Answer 125

T) South Korea has yet to join the ranks of advanced countries.

M. used for saying that something has not happened or been done up to the present time, especially when you think it should have happened or been done

Question 126

swell/swel/V

Answer 126

Their ranks have swelled since 9/11.

3. [transitive, intransitive] to increase or make something increase in number or size [OPP] shrink

Question 127

terrorism/ˈterərɪzəm/

Answer 127

Their job is to keep the skies safe from terrorism.

[uncountable] the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to force a government to act

Question 128

! incognito/ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

Answer 128

Traveling armed and incognito, there are about 4,000 air marshals trained to make split-second decisions with mature, professional judgement.

in a way that prevents other people from finding out who you are

Question 129

split-second

Answer 129

Traveling armed and incognito, there are about 4,000 air marshals trained to make split-second decisions with mature, professional judgement.

[only before noun] done very quickly or very accurately

Question 130

judgement/ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

Answer 130

Traveling armed and incognito, there are about 4,000 air marshals trained to make split-second decisions with mature, professional judgement.

2. [countable, uncountable] judgement (of/about/on something) an opinion that you form about something after thinking about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to others

Question 131

agency/ˈeɪdʒənsi/

Answer 131

2. But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.
   L131) Good evening, Diane. And those consumer groups are hoping that one of the very first things Richard Cordray does is tackle this, the credit card application form. We have all seen them. We’ve had our eyes glaze over them, that minuscule print, the incomprehensible language. This new agency could change all that and put it all in plain old English.
3. a government department that provides a particular service

Question 132

! plague/pleɪɡ/V

Answer 132

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

O1. plague somebody/something (with something) to cause pain or trouble to somebody/something over a period of time [SYN] trouble
M1. [usually passive] to cause a lot of problems for someone or something for a long period of time

Question 133

managerial/ˌmænəˈdʒɪriəl/

Answer 133

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

[usually before noun] connected with the work of a manager

Question 134

incompetence/ɪnˈkɑːmpɪtəns/

Answer 134

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

[uncountable] the lack of skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done

Question 135

outrageous/aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/

Answer 135

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

O1. very shocking and unacceptable [SYN] scandalous

Question 136

misconduct/ˌmɪsˈkɑːndʌkt/

Answer 136

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

O1. [uncountable] (formal) unacceptable behaviour, especially by a professional person
M. [uncountable] seriously bad or dishonest behaviour, especially by someone who has a position of responsibility

Question 137

jeopardize/ˈdʒepərdaɪz/

Answer 137

But now former and current air marshals, including these three who cannot show their faces, tell ABC news that the agency is plagued by managerial incompetence and outrageous misconduct that jeopardizes safety.

jeopardize something/somebody (formal) to risk harming or destroying something/somebody [SYN] endanger

Question 138

expect/ɪkˈspekt/

Answer 138

3. I expect my federal law enforcement officers to set the bar, not to act like a bunch of school kid punks running around in a college fraternity.
4. L59) A study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control confirmed what many former smokers have learned from experience: Americans who swear off smoking can expect to gain weight - an average of 3.8 kg for women, 2.8 kg for men.

O3. to demand that somebody will do something because it is their duty or responsibility
M3. to think that it is right or reasonable that something should happen
L2. to demand that someone does something because it is a duty or seems reasonable

1. [transitive] to think or believe that something will happen or that somebody will do something

Question 139

! set the bar

Answer 139

I expect my federal law enforcement officers to set the bar, not to act like a bunch of school kid punks running around in a college fraternity.

10DD1) With Stephanos, I set the bar extremely low. I know he’s not going to meet any of my needs.

to set a standard of quality or performance

Question 140

! fraternity/frəˈtɜːrnəti/

Answer 140

2. I expect my federal law enforcement officers to set the bar, not to act like a bunch of school kid punks running around in a college fraternity.
3. 10DD2) “Wait! I’m signing up.” - “Ah… you have to be in a fraternity to compete.” - “Behold! The next winning fraternity of the scare games. The brothers, my brothers of Oozma Kappa.”
4. (also North American English informal frat) [countable] a club for a group of male students at an American college or university [compare] sorority
5. [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people sharing the same profession, interests or beliefs

Question 141

document/ˈdɑːkjument/V

Answer 141

Over the last five years, air marshals have been documenting the bad behavior of their bosses.

1. document something to record the details of something

Question 142

supervisor/ˈsuːpərvaɪzər/

Answer 142

This photo shows a supervisor caught sound asleep on a flight, armed with a loaded gun.

a person who supervises somebody/something

Question 143

sound asleep

Answer 143

This photo shows a supervisor caught sound asleep on a flight, armed with a loaded gun.

O. very deeply asleep

Question 144

flight/flaɪt/N

Answer 144

1. This photo shows a supervisor caught sound asleep on a flight, armed with a loaded gun.
2. L133) Herbst says the number of flights is down from a decade ago, which helps fill empty seats and push ticket prices up.
3. T) He is a flight risk. So we took him into custody.
4. [countable] a journey made by air, especially in a plane
5. [countable] a plane making a particular journey
6. [uncountable, singular] the act of running away from a dangerous or difficult situation
   M4. [countable/uncountable] the act of running away or of trying to escape from someone or something

Question 145

catch, get, grab, take, etc. (a) hold of sb/sth

Answer 145

Now all you need to know is if a terrorist gets a hold of that gun, he’s got a free gun on that airplane.

to have or take somebody/something in your hands

Question 146

discover/dɪˈskʌvər/

Answer 146

3. In the Orlando office, former air marshal Steve Theodoropoulos, discovered that supervisors had created their own distorted version of “Jeopardy.”
4. L141) The device was discovered by an alert postal worker who noticed the package addressed to Arpaio with excessive postage, often a red flag for suspicious mail.
5. to find out about something; to find some information about something
6. to find somebody/something that was hidden or that you did not expect to find

Question 147

distort/dɪˈstɔːrt/

Answer 147

In the Orlando office, former air marshal Steve Theodoropoulos, discovered that supervisors had created their own distorted version of “Jeopardy.”

2. distort something to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or true

Question 148

Jeopardy/ˈdʒepərdi/

Answer 148

In the Orlando office, former air marshal Steve Theodoropoulos, discovered that supervisors had created their own distorted version of “Jeopardy.”

미국 퀴즈 프로그램 이름

Question 149

sexist/ˈseksɪst/adj.

Answer 149

Playing a game with racial and sexist slurs as humiliating categories for minority and gay air marshals.
(여기서 game은 Jeopardy)

M. involving sexism and the belief that men and women should be treated in a different way

Question 150

! slur/slɜːr/

Answer 150

Playing a game with racial and sexist slurs as humiliating categories for minority and gay air marshals.
(여기서 game은 Jeopardy)

O1. slur (on somebody/something) an unfair remark about somebody/something that may damage other people’s opinion of them [SYN] insult
M1. [countable] a remark that is intended to insult someone or to damage their reputation

Question 151

humiliating/hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/

Answer 151

Playing a game with racial and sexist slurs as humiliating categories for minority and gay air marshals.
(여기서 game은 Jeopardy)

humiliate: humiliate somebody/yourself/something to make somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people
humiliating: L. making you feel ashamed, embarrassed, and angry because you have been made to look weak or stupid [= embarrassing]

Question 152

category/ˈkætəɡɔːri/

Answer 152

Playing a game with racial and sexist slurs as humiliating categories for minority and gay air marshals.
(여기서 game은 Jeopardy)

R142) In most rich countries, the elderly are the fastest growing category of prisoner.

O. a group of people or things with particular features in common [SYN] class

Question 153

go after

Answer 153

Their culture is, hate African Americans, hate females, go after gays and lesbians, because we don’t like the way they think.
(괴롭힌다는 의미로 쓰였는데 잘 안 와닿음.)

R134) “There is a danger that populist politicians across Europe will look at what is happening in Britain and say, if even the British are going after charitable tax breaks for the rich, why don’t we?”
(사회적으로 나쁜 관습이 자리잡고 있을 때 그걸 없애기 위해 노력할 때 go after를 씀. 이것도 정의 찾기 어렵다.)

L6) But Meadows is steaming. “The police should go after criminals, not music lovers,” he says.

M1a. [transitive] to try to arrest or punish someone

Question 154

maturity/məˈtʃʊrəti/

Answer 154

Members of Congress say such behavior raises questions about the judgement, maturity and professionalism of air marshals involved.

[uncountable] the quality of thinking and behaving in a sensible, adult manner

Question 155

! go over the line

Answer 155

This behavior went well over the line. This is unprofessional. This is unacceptable.

도를 넘어섰다.

Question 156

unacceptable/ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl/

Answer 156

This behavior went well over the line. This is unprofessional. This is unacceptable.

that you cannot accept, allow or approve of [SYN] acceptable

Question 157

inspector general

Answer 157

Florida senator Bill Nelson asked for a full inspector general’s investigation of the air marshals two years ago. According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

An inspector general is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is “inspectors general”.
In the United States, an inspector general leads an organization charged with examining the actions of a government agency, military organization, or military contractor as a general auditor of their operations to ensure they are operating in compliance with generally established policies of the government, to audit the effectiveness of security procedures, or to discover the possibility of misconduct, waste, fraud, theft, or certain types of criminal activity by individuals or groups related to the agency’s operation, usually involving some misuse of the organization’s funds or credit. In the United States, there are numerous offices of inspector general at the federal, state, and local levels.

Question 158

advance/ədˈvæns/adj.

Answer 158

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

[only before noun] done or given before something is going to happen

Question 159

due/djuː/adj.

Answer 159

2. According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”
3. KE1022) Australia got the bad name due to its censorship against postings that have to do with child pornography, drugs and terrorism.

O2. [not before noun] arranged or expected
M1. [never before noun] if something is due to happen, it is expected to happen or should happen

O1. [not before noun] due to something/somebody caused by somebody/something; because of somebody/something

Question 160

obtain/əbˈteɪn/

Answer 160

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

(formal) [transitive] obtain something to get something, especially by making an effort

Question 161

tension/ˈtenʃn/N

Answer 161

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

L132) Mounting tensions in Iran, are only partly to blame for this spring-time sticker shock.

1. [uncountable, countable, usually plural] tension (between A and B) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to attack each other

Question 162

mistrust/ˌmɪsˈtrʌst/N

Answer 162

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

[uncountable, singular] a feeling that you cannot trust somebody/something [SYN] suspicion

Question 163

distraction/dɪˈstrækʃn/

Answer 163

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

O1. [countable, uncountable] a thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about
M1. [countable/uncountable] something that gets your attention and prevents you from concentrating on something else

Question 164

tempo/ˈtempoʊ/

Answer 164

According to an advance copy of the report due out this week, obtained by ABC news, the inspector general found “a great deal of tension and mistrust” that created “distraction at all levels at a time when mission tempo is high.”

the speed of any movement or activity [SYN] pace

Question 165

peak/piːk/adj.

Answer 165

If you do not have people operating at their peak efficiency, then you take the risk that a terrorist is going to get away with its dirty deed.

[only before noun] used to describe the highest level of something, or a time when the greatest number of people are doing something or using something

Question 166

get away with sth

Answer 166

If you do not have people operating at their peak efficiency, then you take the risk that a terrorist is going to get away with its dirty deed.

O. to do something wrong and not be punished for it
M. to manage to do something bad without being punished or criticized for it

Question 167

dirty/ˈdɜːrti/adj.

Answer 167

If you do not have people operating at their peak efficiency, then you take the risk that a terrorist is going to get away with its dirty deed.

O3. [usually before noun] (informal) unpleasant or dishonest
L3. used to emphasize that you think someone or something is bad, dishonest, or immoral
M3. [usually before noun] using dishonest or unfair methods
M4. [only before noun] informal used for emphasizing how bad someone or something is

Question 168

deed/diːd/

Answer 168

If you do not have people operating at their peak efficiency, then you take the risk that a terrorist is going to get away with its dirty deed.

O1. (formal, literary) a thing that somebody does that is usually very good or very bad [SYN] act

Question 169

oversee/ˌoʊvərˈsiː/

Answer 169

The official who oversees the air marshals, John Pistole, told ABC news today that security was absolutely not compromised by the bad behavior of some of the agency’s air marshals.

R4) Finally, 50 years later, a formal association formed to oversee the playing of the game and its rules.

O. oversee somebody/something
to watch somebody/something and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly [SYN] supervise

Question 170

hijinks/ˈhaɪ dʒɪŋks/

also high jinks

Answer 170

The inspector general’s report also found that 76% of the air marshals surveyed agreed with that. But that still seems to leave about one in four air marshals who seem to think all these hijinks have put safety and security at risk, Diane.
(여기서 hijinks는 막 인종차별적, 성차별적 비속어가 담긴 Jeopardy 게임하고, 비행기 안에서 자고 이런 행동들 말하는 듯.)

O. [plural] (old-fashioned, informal) lively and excited behaviour
M. [plural] (old-fashioned) the behaviour of people who are excited and having fun
L. [plural] (old-fashioned) noisy or excited behaviour when people are having fun

Question 171

then/ðen/adj. adv.

Answer 171

Not quite three years ago Robert Gates, then America’s defence secretary, warned North Korea that he “was tired of buying the same horse twice”.

R138) Neo-conservatives had a more culturally deterministic theory. Many of them had been poor during the Depression. Economic stress had not undermined the family then.

adj. [only before noun] used to describe somebody who had a particular title, job, etc. at the time in the past that is being discussed
adv1. used to refer to a particular time in the past or future

Question 172

! seedy/ˈsiːdi/

Answer 172

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

(disapproving) dirty and unpleasant, possibly connected with immoral or illegal activities

Question 173

! racketeer/ˌrækəˈtɪr/

Answer 173

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

(disapproving) a person who makes money through dishonest or illegal activities

Question 174

delinquent/dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/N

Answer 174

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

M. [countable] someone, especially a young person, who behaves in a way that is criminal or immoral
L. [countable] someone, especially a young person, who breaks the law or behaves in ways their society does not approve of

Question 175

! extort/ɪkˈstɔːrt/

Answer 175

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

O. extort something (from somebody) to make somebody give you something by threatening them
M. to illegally get money or information from someone by using force or threats

Question 176

generous/ˈdʒenərəs/

Answer 176

2. Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

R133) But when Cisco, a technology giant, was briefly worth more than $500 billion in 2000, its price-earnings ratio was above 100; Apple trades on only 22 times its 2011 profits. Its new dividend yield will be almost as generous as that of the overall market.

3. R6) Why? The reason I can think of is that these people are truly generous and open-minded. They are able to put aside differences and welcome the snake as a fellow living being.

(approving)
2. more than is necessary; large [SYN] lavish

3. kind in the way you treat people; willing to see what is good about somebody/something

Question 177

exchange/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/N

in exchange for

Answer 177

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

O. [countable, uncountable] an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in return
M. in exchange: if you give someone something in exchange for something else, you give them something and they give you something else of a similar type or value

Question 178

pursuit/pərˈsuːt/

Answer 178

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons.

M1. [uncountable] the process of trying to achieve something
O1. [uncountable] pursuit of something the act of looking for or trying to find something

Question 179

! renege (on sth)

/rɪˈniːɡ, rɪˈneɪɡ/

Answer 179

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons. But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table.

O. [intransitive] renege (on something) (formal) to break a promise, an agreement, etc. [SYN] go back on

Question 180

yet another/more

yet again

Answer 180

Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons. But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table.

L131) Now McConnell and the Republicans say the Senate is actually in session and the President had no right to make this so-called recess appointment. The White House says that is all just a gimmick, that senators are not working right now. Diane, setting the stage out here for yet another fight in Washington.

O6. yet another/more| yet again: used to emphasize an increase in number or amount or the number of times something happens
L3. used to emphasize that something is even more than it was before or is in addition to what existed before [= still]

Question 181

! exasperated/ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/

Answer 181

But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table. Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation.

O. extremely annoyed, especially if you cannot do anything to improve the situation [SYN] infuriated
M. extremely annoyed and impatient because things are not happening in the way that you want or people are not doing what you want them to do

Question 182

! inducement/ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

Answer 182

But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table. Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation.

[countable, uncountable] inducement (to/for somebody) (to do something) something that is given to somebody to persuade them to do something [SYN] incentive

Question 183

! latterly/ˈlætərli/

Answer 183

But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table. Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation.

(formal) O1. most recently

Question 184

all the while

Answer 184

Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation. All the while the hermit kingdom has stumbled on, stockpiling uranium, and occasionally testing bombs and lobbing missiles into the Pacific Ocean.

M. all the time that something is happening

Question 185

! hermit/ˈhɜːrmɪt/N

Answer 185

Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation. All the while the hermit kingdom has stumbled on, stockpiling uranium, and occasionally testing bombs and lobbing missiles into the Pacific Ocean.

O. a person who, usually for religious reasons, lives a very simple life alone and does not meet or talk to other people.
M1. someone who chooses to live alone or spend most of their time alone

Question 186

stockpile/ˈstɑːkpaɪl/V

Answer 186

Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation. All the while the hermit kingdom has stumbled on, stockpiling uranium, and occasionally testing bombs and lobbing missiles into the Pacific Ocean.

O. stockpile something to collect and keep a large supply of something

Question 187

! lob/lɑːb/V

Answer 187

Over the years an exasperated world has tried inducements, threats and, latterly, “strategic patience”—a form of isolation. All the while the hermit kingdom has stumbled on, stockpiling uranium, and occasionally testing bombs and lobbing missiles into the Pacific Ocean.

lob something + adverb/preposition (informal) to throw something so that it goes quite high through the air

Question 188

suspend/səˈspend/

Answer 188

Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles.

2. suspend something to officially stop something for a time; to prevent something from being active, used, etc. for a time

Question 189

moratorium/ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/

Answer 189

Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles.

O. moratorium (on something) a temporary stopping of an activity, especially by official agreement
M. an official agreement to stop an activity temporarily

Question 190

in return (for sth)

Answer 190

Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.

O1. as a way of thanking somebody or paying them for something they have done
O2. as a response or reaction to something
M. as payment or in exchange for something, or as a way of thanking someone for something

Question 191

aid/eɪd/N

Answer 191

1. Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.
2. R135) Why won’t the Fed act? My guess is that it’s intimidated by those Congressional Republicans, that it’s afraid to do anything that might be seen as providing political aid to President Obama, that is, anything that might help the economy.
3. [uncountable] money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations
4. [uncountable] help that you need to perform a particular task

Question 192

work towards sth

Answer 192

Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.

O. to try to reach or achieve a goal
M. to do things that help you to make progress towards something that you want to achieve

Question 193

six-nation talks
six-party talks
six-way talks

Answer 193

Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.

R130) The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.

6자 회담

Question 194

comprehensive/ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/

Answer 194

Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.

1. including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc, that may be concerned [SYN] complete, full

Question 195

! caprice/kəˈpriːs/

capricious/kəˈprɪʃəs/

Answer 195

Despite North Korea’s record of caprice and outright deceit, this is a good deal for America. It could even turn out to be a great one.

O) a movie star who was capricious and difficult to please

caprice: (formal) 2. [uncountable] the tendency to change your mind suddenly or behave unexpectedly
capricious: (formal) 1. showing sudden changes in attitude or behaviour [SYN] unpredictable

Question 196

outright/ˈaʊtraɪt/

Answer 196

Despite North Korea’s record of caprice and outright deceit, this is a good deal for America. It could even turn out to be a great one.

[only before noun] complete and total

Question 197

! deceit/dɪˈsiːt/

Answer 197

Despite North Korea’s record of caprice and outright deceit, this is a good deal for America. It could even turn out to be a great one.

[uncountable, countable] dishonest behaviour that is intended to make somebody believe something that is not true; an example of this behaviour [SYN] deception

Question 198

strike/straɪk/

struck, struck

Answer 198

5. Times are hard for the Kim dynasty. The famine that struck in the 1990s has never fully gone away.
   R139) On April 12, 2011, a month after the tsunami struck, Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency announced that it was raising the grading of the Fukushima Daiichi event from five to seven—the highest level on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES).
   R139) At Fukushima Daiichi, the reactors shut down safely when struck by the magnitude-9 Tohoku earthquake, the fourth largest ever recorded.
   T) A mega-earthquake measuring 9.0 in the Richter scale struck off the east coast of Japan.
6. R136) According to well-designed surveys, 70 percent of family physicians and 60 percent of pediatricians think “striking of the child’s buttocks or hand with an open hand … leaving no mark except transient redness” is fine.
7. R8) As I said, I always knew he was special. Every school day when I checked on him, he would say, “Good morning, Tommy.” That struck me as a little odd.
   - M. it strikes someone as funny/odd/strange (that)
8. [intransitive, transitive] to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on somebody/something
9. [transitive] strike somebody/something (something) (formal) to hit somebody/something with your
10. [transitive] to give somebody a particular impression

Question 199

ruling/ˈruːlɪŋ/adj.

Answer 199

The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.

[only before noun] having control over a particular group, country, etc

Question 200

! scandalously/ˈskændələsli/

Answer 200

The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.

scandalous: shocking and unacceptable [SYN] disgraceful

Question 201

suffering/ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

Answer 201

The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.

[uncountable] physical or mental pain

Question 202

! punctiliously/pʌŋkˈtɪliəsli/

Answer 202

The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.

puntilious: O. (formal) very careful to behave correctly or to perform your duties exactly as you should
M. (formal) very careful to behave well, and to follow the details of rules or instructions

Question 203

dignity/ˈdɪɡnəti/

Answer 203

The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.

2. [uncountable] the fact of being given honour and respect by people

Question 204

long-standing

Answer 204

The longstanding promise that 2012, centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the Stalinist who set up the North, would be an era of prosperity, dancing and mass celebration is an early test of his grandson, Kim Jong Un.

[usually before noun] that has existed or lasted for a long time

Question 205

centenary/senˈtenəri/

Answer 205

The longstanding promise that 2012, centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the Stalinist who set up the North, would be an era of prosperity, dancing and mass celebration is an early test of his grandson, Kim Jong Un.

the 100th anniversary of an event

Question 206

era/ˈɪrə/

Answer 206

The longstanding promise that 2012, centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the Stalinist who set up the North, would be an era of prosperity, dancing and mass celebration is an early test of his grandson, Kim Jong Un.

a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of particular characteristics or events

Question 207

prosperity/prɑːˈsperəti/

prosperous/ˈprɑːspərəs/

Answer 207

The longstanding promise that 2012, centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the Stalinist who set up the North, would be an era of prosperity, dancing and mass celebration is an early test of his grandson, Kim Jong Un.

R138) In the half-century between 1962 and the present, America has become more prosperous, peaceful and fair, but the social fabric has deteriorated. Social trust has plummeted.

prosperity: [uncountable] the state of being successful, especially in making money [SYN] affluence
prosperous: (formal) rich and successful [SYN] affluent

Question 208

mass/mæs/adj.

Answer 208

The longstanding promise that 2012, centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the Stalinist who set up the North, would be an era of prosperity, dancing and mass celebration is an early test of his grandson, Kim Jong Un.

[only before noun] affecting or involving a large number of people or things

Question 209

! come in handy

Answer 209

Indeed, after taking power unexpectedly at the end of last year after the death of Kim Jong Il, it is a test that he must be desperate to pass. A few hundred thousand tonnes of extra food would come in handy.

L10) His hair is hard to take care of, but Hoo says it comes in handy in Thailand’s cool mountain weather. “I wrap my hair around my head and then put my hat on. It keeps me warm.”

O. (informal) to be useful
M. to be useful in a particular situation

Question 210

crave/kreɪv/

Answer 210

North Korea craves the American recognition such aid represents.

O. [transitive, intransitive] crave (for) something| crave to do something to have a very strong desire for something [SYN] long for

Question 211

come in from the cold

Answer 211

North Korea craves the American recognition such aid represents. It will have seen how Myanmar, Asia’s other pariah, has come in from the cold and is beginning to win the favour of the outside world (see article).

O. to become accepted or included in a group, etc. after a period of being outside it
L. to become accepted or recognized, especially by a powerful group of people

Question 212

win/wɪn/V

Answer 212

3. North Korea craves the American recognition such aid represents. It will have seen how Myanmar, Asia’s other pariah, has come in from the cold and is beginning to win the favour of the outside world (see article).
4. 62-1) Washington won his first victory.
   S10DD1) And then you’ll fulfill your destiny and take over the restaurant. Just as I took it over from my father who took it over from his father who won it from a friend in a game of mahjong.
5. 62-1) Washington’s army won the final battle in Yorktown in 1781.
6. [transitive] win something to achieve or get something that you want, especially by your own efforts
7. [transitive] to get something as the result of a competition, race, election, etc
8. [intransitive, transitive] to be the most successful in a competition, race, battle, etc

Question 213

favor/ˈfeɪvər/N

Answer 213

2. North Korea craves the American recognition such aid represents. It will have seen how Myanmar, Asia’s other pariah, has come in from the cold and is beginning to win the favour of the outside world (see article).

O2. [uncountable] approval or support for somebody/something
M2. [uncountable] support or admiration from people

Question 214

buffer/ˈbʌfər/N

Answer 214

Perhaps China has also been applying pressure. It has propped up the Kims, if only to protect the buffer state that separates it from the American troops garrisoned in South Korea.

O1. a thing or person that reduces a shock or protects somebody/something against difficulties -> a buffer state(= a small country between two powerful states that helps keep peace between them)

Question 215

garrison/ˈɡærɪsn/V

Answer 215

Perhaps China has also been applying pressure. It has propped up the Kims, if only to protect the buffer state that separates it from the American troops garrisoned in South Korea.

O. to put soldiers in a place in order to defend it from attack

Question 216

! blaze a trail

trailblazer/ˈtreɪlbleɪzər/

Answer 216

Perhaps China has also been applying pressure. It has propped up the Kims, if only to protect the buffer state that separates it from the American troops garrisoned in South Korea. But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform.

R136) When my wife was pregnant with our first child, we sought out books like How To Talk so Kids Will Listen & Listen so Kids Will Talk that followed the path first blazed by Benjamin Spock and T. Berry Brazelton.

blaze a trail: to be the first to do or to discover something that others follow
trailblazer: a person who is the first to do or discover something and so makes it possible for others to follow

Question 217

! set about (doing) sth

Answer 217

Perhaps China has also been applying pressure. It has propped up the Kims, if only to protect the buffer state that separates it from the American troops garrisoned in South Korea. But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform.

O. [no passive] to start doing something
M. to begin doing something, especially in a determined or enthusiastic way
L. to start doing or dealing with something, especially something that needs a lot of time and effort

Question 218

! autarky/ˈɔːtɑːrki/

Answer 218

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

O. [uncountable] (economics) economic independence
M. [uncountable] the state of economic independence from other countries or areas

Question 219

! enshrine/ɪnˈʃraɪn/

Answer 219

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

O. [usually passive] enshrine something (in something) (formal) to make a law, right, etc. respected or official, especially by stating it in an important written document
M. [transitive] to officially record something such as an idea or principle in a document so that it cannot be ignored
L. [transitive usually passive] formal if something such as a tradition or right is enshrined in something, it is preserved and protected so that people will remember and respect it

Question 220

guiding/ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/adj.

Answer 220

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

O. [only before noun] giving advice and help; having a strong influence on people
L. guiding principle: something that helps you decide what to do in a difficult situation

Question 221

self-reliance

Answer 221

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

self-reliant: able to do or decide things by yourself, rather than depending on other people for help [SYN] indenpent

Question 222

engagement/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

Answer 222

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

4. [uncountable] engagement (with somebody/something) (formal) being involved with somebody/something in an attempt to understand them/it
   L3. [uncountable] when you become involved with someone or something in order to understand them
   M6. [uncountable] formal the feeling of being involved in a particular activity

Question 223

epic/ˈepɪk/

Answer 223

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

L135) In fact, there were epic lines around the country, showing the lure of the biggest jackpot in the world, the biggest jackpot in history up for grabs.

[usually before noun] 2. taking place over a long period of time and involving a lot of difficulties

Question 224

! sulk/sʌlk/N

Answer 224

But it has stressed that the North needs to follow the trail it blazed a little over 30 years ago when it set about reform. For that, the autarky enshrined in the North’s guiding principle of Juche, or self-reliance, needs to make way for engagement with the outside world. That has meant getting the North out of its epic sulk.

O. (British English also the sulks [plural]) a period of not speaking and being bad-tempered because you are angry about something
M. a short period when you show people that you are angry by refusing to talk to them or to do something with them

Question 225

O. could, might, may, etc. do something yet

L. could/may/might yet do something

Answer 225

This week’s deal has risks for America. It might yet fall apart, even at this early stage. The North probably has other enrichment plants apart from Yongbyon.

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.

(O랑 L이랑 순서가 다른데 예문은 겹치는 거 있음.(We may win yet.) 그냥 문장이나 외우자. 뜻은 같으니)
O4. used to say that something could, might, etc. happen in the future, even though it seems unlikely
L. used to say that something is still possible in the future, in spite of the way that things seem now:

Question 226

! fall apart

Answer 226

This week’s deal has risks for America. It might yet fall apart, even at this early stage. The North probably has other enrichment plants apart from Yongbyon.

R135) But now I’m hearing more and more about an even more fateful year. Suddenly normally calm economists are talking about 1931, the year everything fell apart.

O2. to have so many problems that it is no longer possible to exist or function
M3. if something such as an organization, agreement, or relationship falls apart, it no longer continues

Question 227

! string sb along

Answer 227

It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb.

M. to make someone continue believing something that is false for a long time, especially something about your intentions or beliefs

Question 228

diplomatic/ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

Answer 228

It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb.

1. connected with managing relations between countries (= diplomacy )

Question 229

… only to do sth

Answer 229

It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb.
(only to는 허무다!)

M. used for saying that what happens next is disappointing or unpleasant
L. used to say that someone did something, with a disappointing or surprising result
O. used to mention something that happens immediately afterwards, especially something that causes surprise, disappointment, etc.

Question 230

throw sb-out (of…)

Answer 230

It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb.

O. to force somebody to leave a place
M. to force someone to leave a place or group
L. to make someone leave a place, school, or organization, especially because they have done something that is against the rules

Question 231

safeguard/ˈseɪfɡɑːrd/N

Answer 231

Despite American safeguards, the “nutritional supplements” it has promised might go to the elites and the army or be sold abroad.

O. safeguard (against something) something that is designed to protect people from harm, risk or danger
M. [countable] a law, rule, plan etc that protects someone or something from harm or problems

Question 232

nutritional/nuˈtrɪʃənl/

Answer 232

Despite American safeguards, the “nutritional supplements” it has promised might go to the elites and the army or be sold abroad.

L. relating to the substances in food that help you to stay healthy
M. concerning food as something that keeps you healthy

Question 233

supplement/ˈsʌplɪmənt/N

Answer 233

Despite American safeguards, the “nutritional supplements” it has promised might go to the elites and the army or be sold abroad.

O. a thing that is added to something else to improve or complete it
M1. something extra that you add to make something better
M1a. a pill or special food that you take or eat when your food does not contain everything that you need

Question 234

! fistful/ˈfɪstfʊl/

Answer 234

The fact is that North Korea already has a fistful of bombs. It has been pretty much unconstrained since it walked out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003.

a number or an amount of something that can be held in a fist
(handful보다는 많은 느낌)

Question 235

unconstrained/ˌʌnkənˈstreɪnd/

Answer 235

The fact is that North Korea already has a fistful of bombs. It has been pretty much unconstrained since it walked out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003.

not restricted or limited

Question 236

walk out (of sth)

Answer 236

The fact is that North Korea already has a fistful of bombs. It has been pretty much unconstrained since it walked out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003.

to leave a meeting, performance, etc. suddenly, especially in order to show your disapproval

Question 237

the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Answer 237

The fact is that North Korea already has a fistful of bombs. It has been pretty much unconstrained since it walked out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003.

non-proliferation: [uncountable] a limit to the increase in the number of nuclear and chemical weapons that are produced

Question 238

rate/reɪt/N

Answer 238

If this deal slows the rate at which the North accumulates a nuclear arsenal, then it will have been worth something.

1. [countable] a measurement of the speed at which something happens

Question 239

arsenal/ˈɑːrsənl/

Answer 239

If this deal slows the rate at which the North accumulates a nuclear arsenal, then it will have been worth something.

a collection of weapons such as guns and explosives

Question 240

worth/wɜːrθ/adj.

Answer 240

3. If this deal slows the rate at which the North accumulates a nuclear arsenal, then it will have been worth something.
   9DD3) “You could totally die.” - “And it’s worth it. You get a chance to prove that you’re the best!”
4. R133) But when Cisco, a technology giant, was briefly worth more than $500 billion in 2000, its price-earnings ratio was above 100; Apple trades on only 22 times its 2011 profits. Its new dividend yield will be almost as generous as that of the overall market.
5. R136) In the wake of the recent video showing a Texas judge repeatedly belt-whipping his teen daughter and the recent deaths of young adoptees in Tennessee beaten with flexible tubing as prescribed by a best-selling parenting book, it’s worth reviewing how mainstream Americans discipline children.

[not before noun] (used like a preposition, followed by a noun, pronoun or number, or by the -ing form of a verb)
3. worth something/doing something important, good or enjoyable enough to make somebody feel satisfied, especially when difficulty or effort is involved

1. worth something having a value in money, etc
2. used to recommend the action mentioned because you think it may be useful, enjoyable, etc.

Question 241

faint/feɪnt/adj.

Answer 241

If this deal slows the rate at which the North accumulates a nuclear arsenal, then it will have been worth something. And there is a faint possibility that it will lead to much more than that. Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power.

2. very small; possible but unlikely [SYN] slight

Question 242

foreign/ˈfɔːrən/

Answer 242

Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power. But if he really does end up taking a different path from his father, then he will need vast amounts of foreign support.
(foreign 2개)

2. [only before noun] dealing with or involving other countries
3. in or from a country that is not your own

Question 243

relations/rɪˈleɪʃns/

Answer 243

Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power.

1. relations [plural] the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other

Question 244

consolidate/kənˈsɑːlɪdeɪt/

Answer 244

1. Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power.
2. R132) Herbst says the industry has consolidated, creating more efficiencies, and airlines are now better at playing the supply-and-demand game to their advantage.
3. [transitive, intransitive] consolidate (something) to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue
4. [transitive, intransitive] consolidate (something) (technical) to join things together into one; to be joined into one

Question 245

vast/væst/

Answer 245

Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power. But if he really does end up taking a different path from his father, then he will need vast amounts of foreign support.

extremely large in area, size, amount, etc. [SYN] huge

Question 246

invest/ɪnˈvest/

Answer 246

1. The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.
2. L133) Airlines run on extremely tight profit margins of about 3%. Herbst says higher margins might even mean the companies start investing in customer service again.
3. [intransitive, transitive] to buy property, shares in a company, etc. in the hope of making a profit
4. [intransitive, transitive] (of an organization or government, etc.) to spend money on something in order to make it better or more successful

Question 247

power station

Answer 247

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.

(British English) (also power plant North American English, British English) a building or group of buildings where electricity is produced

Question 248

infrastructure/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/

Answer 248

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.

[countable, uncountable] the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies

Question 249

even as

Answer 249

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it.

O. (formal) just at the same time as somebody does something or as something else happens
M. used for emphasizing that something is happening at exactly the same time as someone is doing or saying something else

Question 250

just now

Answer 250

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama.

1. at this moment
2. during this present period

Question 251

! enticing/ɪnˈtaɪsɪŋ/

Answer 251

! The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama.

! L143) The food makers say these products are only marketed to adults. But some of these foods appear to be candy and could be enticing to youngsters.

something that is enticing is so attractive and interesting that you want to have it or know more about it

Question 252

if/ɪf/conj.

Answer 252

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama.

T) That’s a good, if small, gift for all of us.

O7. used before an adjective to introduce a contrast
M7. used for introducing a remark that makes your description seem slightly less positive or certain

Question 253

distant/ˈdɪstənt/

Answer 253

The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama.

TED) It’s the fifth time I stand on this shore, the Cuban shore, looking out at that distant horizon, believing, again, that I’m going to make it all the way across that vast, dangerous wilderness of an ocean.

1. far away in space or time

Question 254

! assert/əˈsɜːrt/

Answer 254

1. Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

! R137) Then there’s the fact of Kanazawa’s having gotten into trouble last spring for asserting—using the same dataset and similar methods to those described above—that African-American women are objectively “far less attractive” than whites, Asians, or Native Americans. (He later acknowledged some flaws in his analysis.)

1. to state clearly and firmly that something is true

Question 255

! resort to (doing) sth

Answer 255

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

O. to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of achieving something, often because there is no other possible solution [SYN] have recourse to
L. to do something bad, extreme, or difficult because you cannot think of any other way to deal with a problem

Question 256

curb/kɜːrb/V

Answer 256

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

curb something to control or limit something, especially something bad [SYN] check

Question 257

ambition/æmˈbɪʃn/

Answer 257

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
(여기서 nuclear는 adj. [usually before noun] connected with weapons that use nuclear energy)

1. [countable] something that you want to do or achieve very much

Question 258

keen/kiːn/adj.

Answer 258

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions. America’s president will be keen to point out that diplomacy also has its part to play.

1. wanting to do something or wanting something to happen very much [SYN] eager

Question 259

diplomacy/dɪˈploʊməsi/

Answer 259

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions. America’s president will be keen to point out that diplomacy also has its part to play.

[uncountable] the activity of managing relations between different countries; the skill in doing this

Question 260

have a part to play (in sth)

Answer 260

Israel’s prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, is about to visit Washington to assert the need to resort to war to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions. America’s president will be keen to point out that diplomacy also has its part to play.

O. to be able to help something
M. to be involved in influencing the development of a situation