MO 13-1 Flashcards
instant/ˈɪnstənt/
A regular stroke kills a large section of the brain in an instant, knocking out language or causing paralysis.
[usually singular] 1. a very short period of time [SYN] moment
damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/N
- Silent strokes do their damage a little bit at a time.
Brain scans revealed nearly a fourth of them had damage to the brain left by these silent strokes. - R135) Central banks, notably the Bank of France and the Federal Reserve, could have done much more to limit the damage.
L137) A nickname her grandson never uses. Ann called her son who said that Matthew was at work in San Francisco. But the damage was done. He was still apologizing when we put them together on Skype. - [uncountable] damage (to something) physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable
- [uncountable] damage (to somebody/something) harmful effects on somebody/something
blood vessel
In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.
any of the tubes through which blood flows through the body
clot/klɑːt/
In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.
blood clot: (also clot) a lump that is formed when blood dries or becomes thicker
surrounding/səˈraʊndɪŋ/
In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.
[only before noun] that is near or around something
dimentia/dɪˈmenʃə/
The researchers studied about 700 elderly people without dementia.
[uncountable] (medical) a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally
apparent/əˈpærənt/
It’s becoming more and more apparent that these strokes not only affect us physically but also mentally.
[not usually before noun] easy to see or understand
affect/əˈfekt/
It’s becoming more and more apparent that these strokes not only affect us physically but also mentally.
- [often passive] [affect somebody/something] (of a disease) to attack somebody or a part of the body; to make somebody become ill/sick
target/ˈtɑːrɡɪt/N
- It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.
R122) Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available.
R133) Brokers are competing to come up with the highest potential price target for Apple’s shares, and the announcement of a share buy-back should remind investors that companies have a tendency to purchase their own equity at market peaks.
- R136) Yet not a single one hit his or her own children today as a routine method of discipline. None of the above explanations seemed on target to them. Instead, they chose not to spank for an entirely practical reason: They had, they said, learned more effective ways of disciplining children.
(위에 언급한 어떤 설명도 이 사람들에게 타겟을 맞추고 있다고 보여지지 않았습니다. 이론들이 설명을 잘 못하고 있다는 뜻.)
영한사전 on target: 올바른 목표를 향해; 겨냥이 정확하여, 예상[노린]대로; 정확한
- R58) Knights in armor battle on horseback. There are targets for practicing with a bow and arrow. Some people try their skill at fencing with swords.
- a result that you try to achieve
- an object that people practise shooting at, especially a round board with circles on it
! intervention/ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/
It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.
L124) It’s actually a well-established processing intervention that has a long history of success; that’s been approved by USDA.
R125) This very involved, two-month intervention halved television watching among participants.
M. [countable/uncountable] a situation in which someone becomes involved in a particular issue, problem etc in order to influence what happens
! institute/ˈɪnstɪtuːt/
It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.
[institute something] (formal) to introduce a system, policy, etc. or start a process
cut/kʌt/V, N
V11. The good news? Silent strokes are preventable, if we cut risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, smoking and diabetes.
- Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity.
- L36) In the middle of a violent storm, Yazykov began cutting his arm.
N3. R131) But there were also large tax cuts favoring the wealthy.
R131) Given this history, why do Republicans advocate further tax cuts for the very rich even as they warn about deficits and demand drastic cuts in social insurance programs?
- L6) As for Gardner, he has some cuts, but he is okay. “It’s a miracle that he wasn’t killed,” said police officer Michael Kuemmeth.
V11. [transitive] [cut something (from something)] to remove something from something
- [transitive] to reduce something by removing a part of it
- [transitive, intransitive] to make an opening or a wound in something, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors
N3. cut (in something) a reduction in amount, size, supply, etc
- a wound caused by something sharp
preserve/prɪˈzɜːrv/
- So, with good choices, we can preserve good memories.
R143) Before approving drugs to treat patients who already have obvious dementia, the F.D.A. usually (but not always) requires manufacturers to demonstrate in clinical trials that the drugs will have a positive effect on preserving both mental capacities and the ability to function in daily life.
- R7) Look upward and just imagine how high the trees might grow if we preserve and protect them.
- preserve something to keep a particular quality, feature, etc; to make sure that something is kept
- preserve somebody/something (from something) to keep somebody/something alive, or safe from harm or danger [SYN] save
alert/əˈlɜːrt/N, V
N. We first reported on a consumer alert about orange juice earlier this month.
V. L138) The software analyzes security video while comparing it to what’s actually being scanned, alerting the store of potential shoplifters.
N2. [countable] a warning of danger or of a problem
V1. [often passive] alert somebody (to do something)| alert somebody (that)… to warn somebody about a dangerous or urgent situation
trace/treɪs/N
Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.
Eleven contained more than a trace amount of the pesticide, carbendazim.
M. [countable] a very small amount of a substance, especially when it is too small to see clearly or measure accurately
overseas/ˌoʊvərˈsiːz/adv.
Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.
to or in a foreign country, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean [SYN] abroad
inspector/ɪnˈspektər/
Government inspectors, rushing to the nation’s ports to conduct their own test.
L141) With prosecutors recently killed in Texas, and a West Virginia sheriff executed just last week, authorities are taking no chances. Bomb analysts for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms are assisting postal inspectors.
- a person whose job is to visit schools, factories, etc. to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable
conduct/kənˈdʌkt/
Government inspectors, rushing to the nation’s ports to conduct their own test.
- [transitive] [conduct something] (formal) to organize and/or do a particular activity
! word/wɜːrd/N
! Well today, word that some of those tests were positive.
T) We have word that Hyo-ree and Sang-soon tied the knot in a secret spot in Seoul yesterday.
! L93) There are 58 million Americans who get social security checks and they’re about to receive word there will be no cost of living increase in their checks for 2011.
- [singular] a piece of information or news
check/tʃek/N
- So we asked ABC’s Lisa Stark to give us a reality check on orange juice and whether there’s real cause for worry.
- L55) Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay. And your young hubby’s crummy little check won’t cover them. That’s why.
L93) There are 58 million Americans who get social security checks and they’re about to receive word there will be no cost of living increase in their checks for 2011.
- [countable] [check (on somebody/something)] an investigation to find out more information about
- [countable] a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for something instead of using money
! cause (for sth)
So we asked ABC’s Lisa Stark to give us a reality check on orange juice and whether there’s real cause for worry.
[uncountable] [cause (for something)] a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way
turn up
One quarter of the orange juice samples tested has now turned up positive for a pesticide that is not approved for use in the United States.
~_~
! approve/əˈpruːv/
M2. Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.
One quarter of the orange juice samples tested has now turned up positive for a pesticide that is not approved for use in the United States.
- R122) Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up.
! R136) Primary care physicians tacitly approve of corporal punishment.
M2. [transitive] [often passive] to give official agreement or permission to something
- [intransitive] to think that somebody/something is good, acceptable or suitable
batch/bætʃ/N
So far, the FDA has sampled 40 batches of imports.
R6) However, the poisonous varieties are only a small percentage of the world’s snakes. We can’t say the whole batch is bad just because of a few rotten ones.
- a number of people or things that are dealt with as a group
! scramble/ˈskræmbl/
The FDA scrambled to begin testing earlier this month after a major orange juice maker found the chemical in its own sampling.
L3. [transitive] to try to do something difficult very quickly
confirm/kənˈfɜːrm/
What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn’t just one shipment.
9DD1) “DNA test.” - “It’s me.” - “It’s procedure. I’m just confirming it’s you.”
R139) The figures tell a story: 237 Chernobyl workers were taken to hospital with suspected acute radiation sickness; 134 of these cases were confirmed; 28 were fatal; about 20 other workers have since died from illnesses considered to have been caused or aggravated by radiation exposure; two workers died from other causes at the time of the accident and another disappeared—presumed dead.
L59) A study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control confirmed what many former smokers have learned from experience: Americans who swear off smoking can expect to gain weight - an average of 3.8 kg for women, 2.8 kg for men.
O1. to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidences
M1. [transitive] to prove that something is true
isolated/ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/
What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn’t just one shipment.
- single; happening once
M. incident의 예문: an isolated incident (=an event that is not connected with other events)
incident/ˈɪnsɪdənt/
What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn’t just one shipment.
- [countable] something that happens, especially something unusual or unpleasant
shipment/ˈʃɪpmənt/
What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn’t just one shipment.
- [countable] a load of goods that are sent from one place to another
M1. [countable] an amount of goods carried on a ship, plane, train, or truck
plant/plænt/N
Five of the positive samples came from Brazil, six from Canadian plants.
- [countable] a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place
taint/teɪnt/
The fear is that tainted, imported juice can end up mixed with American juice.
[often passive] [taint something (with something)] (formal) to damage or spoil the quality of something or the opinion that people have of somebody/something
based (on sth)
The FDA says based on testing so far, orange juice already here is safe to drink.
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one.
R123) Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.”
R123) “We need to fix school lunches so they’re based on fresh foods, and fix food assistance programs so people have greater access to healthier foods.”
[not before noun] 1. [based (on something)] if one thing is based on another, it uses it or is developed from it
level/ˈlevl/N
Levels are too low to be a health hazard.
R132) And that’s why nations with stable, responsible governments — that is, governments that are willing to impose modestly higher taxes when the situation warrants it — have historically been able to live with much higher levels of debt than today’s conventional wisdom would lead you to believe.
- [countable] the amount of something that exists in a particular situation at a particular time
! hazard/ˈhæzərd/
Levels are too low to be a health hazard.
R139) Again, the casualty figures tell their own story. Severe potential hazards did exist on the reactor sites because of high levels of radiation, but health controls were mainly effective.
a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage
treatable/ˈtriːtəb(ə)l/
Heart disease may be treatable with stem cells.
M. a treatable illness or medical condition can be cured by medical treatment
! shelve/ʃelv/
But a project to repair spinal cords is being shelved.
[transitive] [shelve something] to decide not to continue with a plan, either for a short time or permanently [SYN] put on ice
mixed/mɪkst/
- It has been a mixed week for proponents of regenerative medicine.
M1. R142) But most jails favour mixed-age populations, as do many old-timers.
(mixed에 넣어도 되는 건지 모르겠지만 표현이 좋아서)
O1. having both good and bad qualities or feelings
M4. partly good and partly bad
M1. [only before noun] consisting of different things
O3. [only before noun] consisting of different types of the same thing
proponent/prəˈpoʊnənt/
It has been a mixed week for proponents of regenerative medicine.
[proponent (of something)] (formal) a person who supports an idea or course of action [SYN] advocate
! spin off (from sth)/ spin sth-off (from sth)
A stem cell is one that, when it divides, spins off some offspring that remain as stem cells while others turn into functional tissue.
Stem cells found in embryos can spin off a wide range of tissue types.
O. to happen or to produce something as a new or unexpected result of something that already exists
M1. [transitive] to create something new based on something else that already exists
! offspring/ˈɔːfsprɪŋ/
A stem cell is one that, when it divides, spins off some offspring that remain as stem cells while others turn into functional tissue.
[plural offspring] (formal or humorous) 1. a child of a particular person or couple
- the young of an animal or plant
therapeutic/ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/
The bad news for those who have hopes of the field is that Geron, an American firm that was a pioneer of the therapeutic use of stem cells, is pulling out of the business.
[usually before noun] designed to help treat an illness
! pull out (of sth)
The bad news for those who have hopes of the field is that Geron, an American firm that was a pioneer of the therapeutic use of stem cells, is pulling out of the business.
to move away from something or stop being involved in it [SYN] withdraw
end/end/V
It is ending (or selling, if it can find a buyer) a project that was testing embryonic stem cells as a treatment for people paralysed by injuries to their spinal cords.
Coronary heart disease is the world’s biggest killer. It ended 7.3m lives in 2008 (the most recent year for which figures are available).
[intransitive, transitive] to finish; to make something finish
capital/ˈkæpɪtl/
L2. At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is.
R130) It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb.
R138) Second, it’s not true that people in disorganized neighborhoods have bad values. Their goals are not different from everybody else’s. It’s that they lack the social capital to enact those values.
M1a. R128) China will soon overtake Britain, with around 3m cameras, as the capital of video surveillance.
L2. [singular, uncountable] money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth
M1a. the most important place for an activity or industry
critical/ˈkrɪtɪkl/
At a time when the ability to speak English is critical, the hagwon is providing valuable lessons.
O2. extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it [SYN] crucial
M2. very important
nonsense/ˈnɑːnsens/
T) In a city where the number of cabs is even higher than its citizens, adding more taxies is simply nonsense.
O1. [uncountable, countable] ideas, statements or beliefs that you think are ridiculous or not true [SYN] rubbish
M1. [singular/uncountable] ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible
commercial/kəˈmɜːrʃl/
At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is.
R127) A few experimental options, such as biodiesel made from algae, look close to commercial viability, says Andy Steinhubl of Bain & Company, a consultancy.
- [only before noun] making or intended to make a profit
proposition/ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn/
At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is.
- an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in business
publish/ˈpʌblɪʃ/
The good news for the field of stem-cell therapy comes from a paper published in this week’s Lancet by Roberto Bolli of the University of Louisville and his colleagues.
M2. [intransitive/transitive] to put something someone has written where other people can read it, on paper or online
colleague/ˈkɑːliːɡ/
The good news for the field of stem-cell therapy comes from a paper published in this week’s Lancet by Roberto Bolli of the University of Louisville and his colleagues.
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business
! cardiac/ˈkɑːrdiæk/
They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.
[only before noun] (medical) connected with the heart or heart disease
heart failure
They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.
[uncountable] a serious medical condition in which the heart does not work correctly (심부전)
routine/ruːˈtiːn/N, adj.
N1. They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. If their method can be made routine, it will bring enormous benefits.
adj. R136) Yet not a single one hit his or her own children today as a routine method of discipline.
N1. [countable, uncountable] the normal order and way in which you regularly do things
adj1. [usually before noun] done or happening as a normal part of a particular job, situation or process
benefit (from/by sth)/ˈbenɪfɪt/
A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them.
- [intransitive] [benefit (from/by something)] to be in a better position because of something
transplant/ˈtrænzplænt/
A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them.
[countable, uncountable] a medical operation in which a damaged organ, etc. is replaced with one from
! thumper
A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them.
심장 thump! thump!
! hence/hens/
A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them. Hence the idea of doing running repairs on a patient’s existing organ.
M. used for introducing something that is a result of the fact that has just been stated
! running repairs
Hence the idea of doing running repairs on a patient’s existing organ.
O. [plural] small things that you do to a piece of clothing, a vehicle, a machine, etc. to repair it or to keep it working
M. a small temporary repair that allows you to continue using something
unfortunate/ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənət/
The participants in Dr Bolli’s study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg.
O. (literary) a person who does not have much luck, money, etc
M. someone who has an unpleasant life or is in an unpleasant situation
bypass/ˈbaɪpɑːs/N, V
The participants in Dr Bolli’s study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg.
R126) They say that blocking entire websites via their domain name smacks of censorship, and that determined downloaders will anyway find the block easy to bypass.
N. a medical operation on the heart in which blood is directed along a different route so that it does not flow through a part that is damaged or blocked; the new route that the blood takes
V. bypass something to ignore a rule, an official system or somebody in authority, especially in order to get something done quickly
fur up
The participants in Dr Bolli’s study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg.
M. [intransitive/transitive] 1. if an artery furs up or is furred up, it becomes blocked
alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/
The participants in Dr Bolli’s study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg.
[only before noun] (also alternate especially in North American English) that can be used instead of something else
! craft/kræft/V
The participants in Dr Bolli’s study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg.
[usually passive] [craft something] to make something using special skills, especially with your hands [SYN] fashion
optimal/ˈɑːptɪməl/
On average, these patients had hearts pumping out 30% of the optimal volume of blood.
(=optimum): [only before noun] (also optimal) the best possible; producing the best possible results
receive/rɪˈsiːv/
- Seven of the 23 acted as a control group, and received no intervention from Dr Bolli after the surgery.
R139) As far as anyone knows, no member of the public received a significant dose of radiation attributable to the Fukushima Daiichi reactor emergency and no physical health effects of radiation should be expected.
R139) Two workers received burns from beta radiation. They were discharged from hospital after two days. - R125) In their study, 84 children received Wii consoles and one half of those got a collection of exercise-oriented games like Wii Sports and EA Active, which ask players to move their arms and legs or jump around to control the action.
L128) Cars like the 2012 Toyota Venza SUV and the Acura TL 4-door got high marks for male drivers, but under the new safety ratings they received just two stars for female passengers.
R131) Still, don’t some of the very rich get that way by producing innovations that are worth far more to the world than the income they receive?
R134) In France there has been discussion of confining tax breaks, which can be quite generous, to charities that spend the money they receive inside the country. - [transitive] to experience or be given a particular type of treatment or an injury
- [transitive] (rather formal) to get or accept something that is sent or given to you
break sth-up
From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions.
- to make something separate into smaller pieces; to divide something into smaller parts
extract/ɪkˈstrækt/
- From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions.
R127) A long-mooted pipeline carrying ethanol from Brazil’s central and southern sugar-growing regions to Santos, its largest port, might finally get built.
O1. [extract something (from somebody/something)] to remove or obtain a substance from something, for example by using an industrial or a chemical process
breed/briːd/
bred, bred
- From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions.
- R138) The recent research details how disruption breeds disruption. This research includes the thousands of studies on attachment theory, which show that children who can’t form secure attachments by 18 months face a much worse set of chances for the rest of their lives because they find it harder to build stable relationships.
- [transitive] [breed something (for/as something)] to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way
- [transitive] breed something to be the cause of something
! number/ˈnʌmbər/V
- From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions.
- R122) The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need.
R133) Exxon Mobil has annual revenues of $486 billion and GE employs 301,000 people; Apple had annual revenues of $108 billion in its last fiscal year and its workforce numbered just 60,000. - [transitive] to give a number to something as part of a series or list
- [intransitive] [+ noun] to make a particular number when added together [SYN] add up to sth
original/əˈrɪdʒənl/
About four months after each patient’s original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle.
- [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity
stabilize/ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/
About four months after each patient’s original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle.
R142) But most jails favour mixed-age populations, as do many old-timers. They also provide a stabilising force in the prison environment, says Seena Fazel, a psychiatrist at Oxford University. At the California Men’s Colony, “Gold Coats”—convicts with spotless prison records—are trained to assist demented inmates in showering and changing incontinence pads.
O. [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something become firm, steady and unlikely to change; to make something stable
! catheter/ˈkæθɪtər/
About four months after each patient’s original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle.
a thin tube that is put into the body in order to remove liquid such as urine
remarkable/rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/
remarkably/rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/
The results were remarkable.
R133) So what does Apple’s dominance reveal about the economy and the stockmarket? First, it is a powerful reminder, at a time when the Chinese model of state capitalism is gaining adherents, that the free market can still be remarkably innovative.
remarkable: unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice [SYN] astonishing [OPP] unremarkable
remaining/rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/
Although two patients dropped out of the study, the remaining 14 saw significant benefits.
M. [only before noun] still left after other people or things have gone, have been dealt with etc
significant/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /
- Although two patients dropped out of the study, the remaining 14 saw significant benefits.
L123) Over a long period of time, that would be a significant advantage in our fight against obesity.
L129) A ballistic missile test launch followed by a nuclear test explosion, followed by uranium enrichment at Yongbyon and facilities probably beyond Yongbyon is a much more significant problem.
- large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticed
! infusion/ɪnˈfjuːʒn/
Four months after the infusion their hearts were pumping an average of 38.5% of the optimal volume, and this had risen to 42.5% a year after the transfusion.
- [countable, uncountable] (medical) an act of slowly putting a drug or other substance into a person’s vein; the drug that is used in this way
transfusion/trænsˈfjuːʒn/
Four months after the infusion their hearts were pumping an average of 38.5% of the optimal volume, and this had risen to 42.5% a year after the transfusion.
(=blood transfusion): (also transfusion) [countable, uncountable] the process of putting new blood into the body of a person or an animal
! infuse/ɪnˈfjuːz/
- The amount of dead tissue in the infused hearts had shrunk, too.
! 1. L143) Normal snacks like popcorn, candy, even gum infused with caffeine. ABC’s David Kerley shows us why some people are wary.
(1이 정의 맞는 것 같진 않은데 의미는 아니까)
- [transitive] infuse something (into something) (medical)
to slowly put a drug or other substance into a person’s vein - [transitive] infuse A into B| infuse B with A (formal)
to make somebody/something have a particular quality
shrink/ʃrɪŋk/
The amount of dead tissue in the infused hearts had shrunk, too.
- [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something smaller in size or amount
unclear/ˌʌnˈklɪr/
Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear.
not clear or definite; difficult to understand or be sure about
inject/ɪnˈdʒekt/
- Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear. It could be that the injected cells form new muscle themselves.
11DD1) No, I don’t. Do you? Starving people to death? No. I don’t think so. It’s inhumane. If a person’s allowed to die, then you inject them, painlessly, quickly. You don’t let them wither away. It’s inconceivable. It’s unspeakable.
to put a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a syringe
! alternatively/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪvli/
Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear. It could be that the injected cells form new muscle themselves. Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart.
used to introduce a suggestion that is a second choice or possibility
! secrete/sɪˈkriːt/
Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart.
[secrete something] (of part of the body or a plant) to produce a liquid substance
stimulate/ˈstɪmjuleɪt/
- Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart.
- R143) The proposal could stimulate researchers to come up with new ways to identify and test treatments in patients with early Alzheimer’s.
- [stimulate something] to make something develop or become more active; to encourage something
- to make somebody interested and excited about something
throw a switch, etc
Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them.
O. [transitive] [throw something] to move a switch, handle, etc. to operate something
M. [transitive] if you throw a switch, handle etc, you move it up or down, for example in order to start or stop a machine
crucial/ˈkruːʃl/
crucially/ˈkruːʃəli/
Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them.
R130) Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles. Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped.
extremely important, because it will affect other things [SYN] critical, essential
thus/ðʌs/
Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them.
- R129) They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse. Some of the weeping that followed Kim Jong Il’s death may thus have been genuine.
(formal) 1. in this way; like this - as a result of something just mentioned [SYN] hence, therefore
activate/ˈæktɪveɪt/
Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them.
L123) The secret weapon? The cold. It appears to activate certain fat called brown fat, which acts like a furnace, heating up the body, causing it to burn calories.
[activate something] to make something such as a device or chemical process start working
! line/laɪn/
Other lines of inquiry into heart repair are also being followed.
(lines of inquiry가 암기단어)
L142) So experts stress to all parents and grandparents, you are the last line of defense.
- [countable] a method or way of doing or thinking about something
! inquiry/ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
- Other lines of inquiry into heart repair are also being followed.
(lines of inquiry가 암기단어)
R137) The idea that an ugly face might hide a subtle mind has attracted scientific inquiries for many years.
- [uncountable] the act of asking questions or collecting information about somebody/something
L2. [uncountable] the act or process of asking questions in order to get information
! do the trick
Eduardo Marbán, the director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute of Los Angeles, plans to test whether stem cells from a general cell bank, rather than specifically from the patient to be treated himself, might do the trick—or whether they would, instead, be rejected by the immune system.
(informal) to succeed in solving a problem or achieving a particular result
reject/rɪˈdʒekt/
Eduardo Marbán, the director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute of Los Angeles, plans to test whether stem cells from a general cell bank, rather than specifically from the patient to be treated himself, might do the trick—or whether they would, instead, be rejected by the immune system.
- [reject something (of the body)] to not accept a new organ after a transplant operation, by producing substances that attack the organ
! go one better (than sb/sth)
Deepak Srivastava of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, in San Francisco, meanwhile, thinks he can go one better, by not using stem cells at all.
to do something better than somebody else or than you have done before [SYN] outdo
move on (to sth)
He is moving on to pigs—and has people in his sights.
10DD2) Yeah, sorry. Doesn’t look good. We have to move on. Your team doesn’t qualify.
to start doing or discussing something new
in your sights
He is moving on to pigs—and has people in his sights.
M. used about things that you intend to have or achieve
L. if you have someone or something in your sights, you intend to achieve it or get it for yourself or to attack them
trial/ˈtraɪəl/
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one.
R143) Before approving drugs to treat patients who already have obvious dementia, the F.D.A. usually (but not always) requires manufacturers to demonstrate in clinical trials that the drugs will have a positive effect on preserving both mental capacities and the ability to function in daily life.
- [countable, uncountable] the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of somebody/something, especially before you make a final decision about them
! far off
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years.
off: 1. away from a place; at a distance in space or time
! dicky/ˈdɪki/
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years.
(old-fashioned, British English, informal) not healthy; not working correctly
service/ˈsɜːrvɪs/
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years.
- [usually passive] service something to examine a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary so that it
midlife/mɪdˈlaɪf/
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years.
[uncountable] the middle part of your life when you are neither young nor old
! complacency/kəmˈpleɪsnsi/
Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. That is no excuse for complacency.
[uncountable] (usually disapproving) a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary; the state of being complacent
course of action
That is no excuse for complacency: prevention will always remain a better course of action than cure.
(=course (5)): (also course of action) [countable] a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation
collaborator/kəˈlæbəreɪtər/
But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today.
- a person who works with another person to create or produce something such as a book
fearful/ˈfɪrfl/
But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today.
- [only before noun] (formal) terrible and frightening
prospect/ˈprɑːspekt/
prospects [plural]
- But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today.
R130) The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama. - R133) But Apple offers the kind of growth prospects that the shareholders of Exxon Mobil and GE can only dream of.
O2. [singular] an idea of what might or will happen in the future
M2. [singular] something that you expect or know is going to happen in the future, or the thought of this
L2. [singular] a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future - used especially when you want to talk about how you feel about it
O3. prospects [plural] the chances of being successful
! dumbstruck/ˈdʌmstrʌk/
Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children.
unable to speak because of surprise
abduction/æbˈdʌkʃn/
Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children.
abduct: [abduct somebody] to take somebody away illegally, especially using force [SYN] kidnap
abuse/əˈbjuːs/
- Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children.
R129) They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse.
L138) There’s also what’s known as “weight abuse.” That’s when someone tricks the scanner by taking an expensive item, two bags of pricey coffee beans in this case, but then types into the machine the code for something much cheaper, bananas.
(이건 얘네가 만들어낸 말이니까 깊게 파고들 필요는 없는데 굳이 말하면 “무게 사기”)
- [uncountable, plural] unfair, cruel or violent treatment of somebody
matter/ˈmætər/V
Prevention matters here, more than anything else.
[intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something
! the Holy Grail
And now, big news about the Holy Grail of medicine, ending illness by preventing disease, not just treating it after it happens.
M. (informal) something that someone wants very much to have or to achieve
! clarion call/ˈklæriən kɔːl/
And all this week, every single program at ABC News is going to report on his clarion call about preventing illness.
[singular] (formal) a clear message or request for people to do something
well/wel/adv.
How our bodies are sending all of us signals well before we feel sick.
L130) This behavior went well over the line. This is unprofessional. This is unacceptable.
- to a great extent or degree
odds/ɑːdz/
- The doctor Lance Armstrong and Ted Kennedy called when they got sick, the man who kept Steve Jobs alive for years against all odds.
T) He won the Wimbledon against all odds.
M1. And a bit of good news. All those people snapping up tickets don’t change your odds of winning. They’re fixed at a lousy one in 176 million.
- [plural] something that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve something
M1. [plural] the chances of something happening
O1. [plural] usually the odds the degree to which something is likely to happen
radical/ˈrædɪkl/
radically/ˈrædɪkli/
- And in his radical new book, Dr.David Agus suggests that “The End of Illness” won’t come from miracle cures but smarter living.
- R138) It includes the work of Annette Lareau, whose classic book, “Unequal Childhoods,” was just updated last year. She shows that different social classes have radically different child-rearing techniques, producing different outcomes.
radical: [usually before noun]
2. new, different and likely to have a great effect
- concerning the most basic and important parts of something; thorough and complete
establish/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
- The key is to note various aspects of yourself, and so the first is establish your metrics.
KE0923) Oscar Arias won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in establishing peace through elections of this sort and took office as president of Costa Rica. - [establish something] to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long time [SYN] set up
metrics/ˈmetrɪks/
The key is to note various aspects of yourself, and so the first is establish your metrics.
M. [plural] [computing] a group of numbers giving information about a particular feature of a piece of software or hardware
clue/kluː/
And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips.
- [clue (to something)] a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem
! red flag
! And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips.
! L141) The device was discovered by an alert postal worker who noticed the package addressed to Arpaio with excessive postage, often a red flag for suspicious mail.
L. [countable] American English something that shows or warns you that something might be wrong, illegal etc
! have sth at your fingertips
And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips.
O. to have the information, knowledge, etc. that is needed in a particular situation and be able to find it easily and use it quickly
M. at your fingertips: near you, or available for you to use immediately
! osteoarthritis/ˌɑːstioʊɑːrˈθraɪtɪs/
If your ring finger is bigger than your index finger, you’re almost twice as likely to get osteoarthritis.
[uncountable] (medical) a disease that causes painful swelling and permanent damage in the joints of the body, especially the hips, knees and thumbs (골관절염)
! osteoporosis/ˌɑːstioʊpəˈroʊsɪs/
R142) Deafness, osteoporosis and dementia need nursing-home care—and a handful of jails are starting to offer it.
(also brittle bone disease) [uncountable] (medical)
a condition in which the bones become weak and are easily broken, usually when people get older or because they do not eat enough of certain substances
correlate/ˈkɔːrəleɪt/, correlation/ˌkɔːrəˈleɪʃn/
If you’re a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero.
R125) There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality.
- [intransitive] if two or more facts, figures, etc.correlate or if a fact, figure, etc.correlates with another, the facts are closely connected and affect or depend on each other
correlation: [countable, uncountable] a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does
exposure (to sth)/ɪkˈspoʊʒər/
If you’re a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero.
[uncountable] [exposure (to something)] the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant
! in utero/ˌɪn ˈjuːtəroʊ/
If you’re a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero.
(technical) inside a woman’s uterus, before a baby is born
womb/wuːm/, uterus/ˈjuːtərəs
자궁
the organ in women and female animals in which babies develop before they are born
joint/dʒɔɪnt/
So, if that ring finger is longer, ladies, regular stretching or yoga will take care of your joints.
- a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that enables them to bend and move
keep an eye on sb/sth
And men, keep an eye on your ankles.
to take care of somebody/something and make sure that they are not harmed, damaged, etc
circulatory/ˈsɜːrkjələtɔːri/
If all of a sudden there’s no hair down here that may mean a circulatory problem.
relating to the circulation of the blood
! fall out
Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner.
to become loose and drop
possible/ˈpɑːsəbl/
Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner.
- that might exist or happen but is not certain to
thinner/ˈθɪnər/
Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner.(혈전 생성 혹은 혈액 응고 방지하는 약)
[uncountable, countable] a substance that is added to paint, varnish, etc. to make it less thick
ache/eɪk/N, V
Okay, next check, how comfortable are your shoes? Because while those heel amazing, your aching feet are trying to send you a deadly serious warning.
Those aches today actually has a lof of effect on your joints. In a day, a week, a year, that starts to add up.
V1. [intransitive] to feel a continuous dull pain [SYN] hurt
N. (often in compounds) a continuous feeling of pain in a part of the body
deadly/ˈdedli/adv., adj.
adv1. Okay, next check, how comfortable are your shoes? Because while those heel amazing, your aching feet are trying to send you a deadly serious warning.
adj1. R124) Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.”
L141) I’m on the trail of a virus with frightening potential. I need to emphasize that so far this virus has not mutated into the most deadly form.
TED) The shark experts are the best in the world – large predators below. The box jellyfish, the deadliest venom in all of the ocean, is in these waters, and I have come close to dying from them on a previous attempt.
adv1. (informal) extremely
adj1. causing or likely to cause death [SYN] lethal
inflammation/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/
Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases.
[uncountable, countable] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury
in the long run/term
long-term
short-run
in the long run:
Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases.
L125) They say that it’s actually cheaper in the long run to pay for birth control because pregnancies are so expensive.
long-term:
R127) If ethanol is ever to become a globally traded commodity—the long-term dream of boosters in both countries—the two sides need to make common cause.
R131) And while Democrats, by and large, want that super-elite to make at least some contribution to long-term deficit reduction, Republicans want to cut the super-elite’s taxes even as they slash Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid in the name of fiscal discipline.
short-run: 이건 정의 없음.
Perhaps most obviously, the economic “experts” on whom much of Congress relies have been repeatedly, utterly wrong about the short-run effects of budget deficits.
추가. R132) But Washington isn’t just confused about the short run; it’s also confused about the long run.
in the long run/term: M. not immediately but at some time in the future
long-term: O1. [usually before noun] that will last or have an effect over a long period of time
degenerative/dɪˈdʒenərətɪv/
Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases.
(technical) (of an illness) getting or likely to get worse as time passes
! add up, add up to sth
Those aches today actually has a lof of effect on your joints. In a day, a week, a year, that starts to add up.
ex) What little you have will add up when everyone joins the campaign.
ex) His testimony today doesn’t seem to add up.
L123) And so the takeaway, they say little indulgences add up.
KE0913) All these expenses add up to more than a million won for these Korean parents priming their kids for college in the U.S.
add up: (informal) 1. (especially in negative sentences) to seem reasonable; to make sense
- (not used in the progressive tenses) to increase by small amounts until there is a large total
add up to sth: to make a total amount of something
! ward sb/sth-off
And finally, your watch may be the best health care device you carry, because eating and sleeping at the same time every day, even weekends, helps ward off disease.
O. to protect or defend yourself against danger, illness, attack, etc
M. [transitive] to do something to prevent someone or something from harming you
interconnect/ˌɪntərkəˈnekt/
He wants you to think of yourself as a system. So many parts interconnected.
[transitive, intransitive] to connect similar things; to be connected to or with similar things
investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/
And if you can track your health with the same attention you give your investments or your favorite team or celebrities, you’ll be more empowered when you go to the doctor.
R132) And because foreigners tend to put their U.S. investments into safe, low-yield assets, America actually earns more from its assets abroad than it pays to foreign investors.
- [countable] the money that you invest, or the thing that you invest in
*empower/ɪmˈpaʊər/
And if you can track your health with the same attention you give your investments or your favorite team or celebrities, you’ll be more empowered when you go to the doctor.
[often passive] O2. [empower somebody (to do something)] to give somebody more control over their own life or the situation they are in
M1. to give someone more control over their life or more power to do something
conscious/ˈkɑːnʃəs/
O4. There’s so much technology that can keep you from getting sick, Diane, but it only works if you have your own data to put into that system and what you learn about yourself when you’re conscious could save your life.
O1. R130) The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country’s miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity.
(L4 뜻이 좀 더 잘 맞음. L1은 O1랑 같음)
O4. being particularly interested in something
O1. [not before noun] aware of something; noticing something
M1. [not usually before noun] noticing that something exists or is happening and realizing that it is important
L4. thinking a lot about or concerned about something
breakthrough/ˈbreɪkθruː/
And again, he’s calling it end of illness. End of illness with what we have now. Not waiting for radical breakthroughs, what we have now.
R130) Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles. Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped.
L. [countable] an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time
O. an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement
M. a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work
bring sth-up
“I don’t mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what’s with the big, hairy Russian?”
L124) Now, Siegel is not the first to complain about lean beef trimmings. A former USDA microbiologist has raised questions about its safety and celebrity chef Jamie Oliver has brought it up on his TV show.
to mention a subject or start to talk about it [SYN] raise
the elephant in the room
“I don’t mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what’s with the big, hairy Russian?”
a problem or question that everyone knows about but does not mention because it is easier not to discuss it
what’s with sth?
“I don’t mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what’s with the big, hairy Russian?”
O. (informal) used to ask the reason for something
M. used for asking someone for an explanation about something
hairy/ˈheri/
“I don’t mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what’s with the big, hairy Russian?”
covered with a lot of hair
feed/fiːd/
“Who, Bogdan? He fed me intel. If I left him there, they would have killed him. So we’re going to give him his freedom. Did you call the sweepers?”
- [transitive] to give advice, information, etc. to somebody/something
intelligence/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
“Who, Bogdan? He fed me intel. If I left him there, they would have killed him. So we’re going to give him his freedom. Did you call the sweepers?”
[uncountable] secret information that is collected, for example about a foreign country, especially one that is an enemy; the people that collect this information
procedure/prəˈsiːdʒər/
- “DNA test.” - “It’s me.” - “It’s procedure. I’m just confirming it’s you.”
R141) I went to the doctor, said I’d like to give Adderall a try. There were no diagnostic procedures. Doctors give in too easily.
- [countable, uncountable] [procedure (for something)] a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way
thorough/ˈθɜːroʊ/
“DNA test.” - “It’s me.” - “It’s procedure. I’m just confirming it’s you.” - “You’re very thorough.”
- [not usually before noun] (of a person) doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail
messy/ˈmesi/
“Messy bringing him along.” (= It was messy while you were bringing him along.) - “I thought it went rather well.”
- (of a situation) unpleasant, confused or difficult to deal with
break out (of sth)
“You mind telling me what you were doing in a Russian prison?” - “Mind telling me why you broke me out?”
to escape from a place or situation
let me put it this way
“This wasn’t a rescue mission?” - “Uh, let me put it this way. If the Secretary wanted me out of there, it must be pretty bad out here.”
(‘상황이 어떤지 이런 식으로 설명해보지.’ 아니면 ‘이런 식으로 생각하도록 해.’ 이런 느낌.)
O10. put: [put something + adverb/preposition] to express or state something in a particular way
M8. to state or explain something
secretary/ˈsekrəteri/
“Uh, let me put it this way. If the Secretary wanted me out of there, it must be pretty bad out here.”
the head of a government department, chosen by the President
after/ˈæftər/prep.
“We were after a file. We lost it.”
- trying to find or catch somebody/something
classified/ˈklæsɪfaɪd/
“It was a letter drop. Classfied file. It should have been a simple intercept. We knew which train the courier was on.”
[usually before noun] (of information) officially secret and available only to particular people [SYN] unclassified
courier/ˈkʊriər/
“It was a letter drop. Classfied file. It should have been a simple intercept. We knew which train the courier was on.” - “Uh, ETA, two minutes on the courier.” - “But there was one thing we didn’t know.” - “Bobcat, your train’s six minutes out.” - “Who the courier was.”
a person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere
! for all
For all the National Health Service’s hard work to boost organ donation, around 1,000 people die each year for lack of a transplant.
T) For all the efforts I’ve made, I failed to earn her heart.
despite
boost/buːst/
For all the National Health Service’s hard work to boost organ donation, around 1,000 people die each year for lack of a transplant.
KE0910) Excellence in arts and music will boost your chance at winning admission to prestigious U.S. universities.
R134) In Europe some countries in which generous state provision of services has been the norm, such as Sweden, have recently begun to experiment with tax incentives to boost the charitable sector.
- boost something to make something increase, or become better or more successful
active/ˈæktɪv/
The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need.
- involved in something; making a determined effort and not leaving something to happen by itself
fair/fer/adj.
- The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need.
R135) True, last week the Fed announced some actions that would supposedly boost the economy. But I think it’s fair to say that everyone at all familiar with the situation regards these actions as pathetically inadequate — the bare minimum the Fed could do to deflect accusations that it is doing nothing at all.
R142) Given scanty budgets and staff cuts, Mr McLennan Murray thinks Britain should follow America’s lead in training fit prisoners as carers. Others say prison should be seen as a scarce commodity. The American Civil Liberties Union, a lobby group, wants fairer medical parole to discharge frail prisoners early. Electronic monitoring may work if the risk of reoffending is low. Governments need to hurry: doing time ages inmates at twice the natural rate. - R132) It’s true that foreigners now hold large claims on the United States, including a fair amount of government debt. But every dollar’s worth of foreign claims on America is matched by 89 cents’ worth of U.S. claims on foreigners.
- acceptable and appropriate in a particular situation
- [only before noun] quite large in number, size or amount
reflection/rɪˈflekʃn/
The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need.
O3. [countable] a sign that shows the state or nature of something
M3. [countable] something that clearly shows something
! hypertension/ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃn/
As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.
[uncountable] (medical) blood pressure that is higher than is normal
medicine/ˈmedɪsn/
As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.
[uncountable] the study and treatment of diseases and injuries
! proliferate/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.
[intransitive] to increase rapidly in number or amount [SYN] multiply
dramatically/drəˈmætɪkli/
dramatic/drəˈmætɪk/
As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically.
R131) For the most part, these huge gains reflected a dramatic rise in the super-elite’s share of pretax income. But there were also large tax cuts favoring the wealthy.
R132) Taxes must be levied to pay the interest, and you don’t have to be a right-wing ideologue to concede that taxes impose some cost on the economy, if nothing else by causing a diversion of resources away from productive activities into tax avoidance and evasion. But these costs are a lot less dramatic than the analogy with an overindebted family might suggest.
dramatic: O1. (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great and often surprising
M1. sudden and surprising or easy to notice
! deceased/dɪˈsiːst/
Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart).
(law or formal) dead
do better
Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). Even the EU average is higher. (Britain does better when living donors are included, but dead ones are more useful because they can part with a wider range of organs.) Why the difference?
R131) “We are the 99 percent” is a great slogan. It correctly defines the issue as being the middle class versus the elite (as opposed to the middle class versus the poor). And it also gets past the common but wrong establishment notion that rising inequality is mainly about the well educated doing better than the less educated; the big winners in this new Gilded Age have been a handful of very wealthy people, not college graduates in general.
R143) South Korea would do better spending the billions of dollars that nuclear weapons would cost on conventional capabilities that would actually enhance its security.
L. to perform better or reach a higher standard
better: adv3. used to suggest that something would be a suitable or appropriate thing to do
! part with sth
Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). Even the EU average is higher. (Britain does better when living donors are included, but dead ones are more useful because they can part with a wider range of organs.) Why the difference?
to give something to somebody else, especially something that you would prefer to keep
lie (in sth) (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.)
For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.
R132) Of course, America, with its rabidly antitax conservative movement, may not have a government that is responsible in this sense. But in that case the fault lies not in our debt, but in ourselves.
[intransitive] lie (in something) (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.) to exist or be found
! opt in (to sth)/ opt out (of sth)
For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent. A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up. Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
opt in (to sth): to choose to be part of a system or an agreement
opt out (of sth): to choose not to take part in something
regime/reɪˈʒiːm/
M2. For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.
- L129) Regime change in the worst country on earth should be planned for, not just hoped for
L129) In 1994, at the death of Kim Jong Il’s father, Kim Il Sung, The Economist hoped, as it does now, for the regime’s swift collapse and the North’s reunification with the South.
M2. a system of rules that control something
- a method or system of government, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way
informed/ɪnˈfɔːrmd/
For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.
KE1111) I’m not talking about issuing ‘marriage licenses’ or ‘parent certificates’. I just wish we could be fully informed of what it means to be a parent before we become one.
O. having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation [OPP] uninformed
! consent/kənˈsent/N,V
For many the answer lies in Britain’s “opt-in” regime of informed consent.
But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying.
ON1. [uncountable] consent (to something) permission to do something, especially given by somebody in authority
OV. [intransitive] (rather formal) to agree to something or give your permission for something
potential/pəˈtenʃl/adj.
A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.
R133) Brokers are competing to come up with the highest potential price target for Apple’s shares, and the announcement of a share buy-back should remind investors that companies have a tendency to purchase their own equity at market peaks.
O. [only before noun] that can develop into something or be developed in the future [SYN] possible
M. [only before noun] possible or likely in the future
signal/ˈsɪɡnəl/V, N
V3. A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.
N. L136) That boss may take your Facebook friend-diss as a diss on their overall corporate leadership skills, as a vote of no confidence, as a signal that you’re not a member of the team.
V3. [transitive] to do something to make your feelings or opinions known
LN2. [countable] an event or action that shows what someone feels, what exists, or what is likely to happen
M2. [countable] a fact, event, or action that shows what someone intends to do or shows what is likely to happen
! intent (to do sth)/ɪnˈtent/
A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.
[uncountable] intent (to do something) (formal or law) what you intend to do [SYN] intention
register/ˈredʒɪstər/N
A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register.
[countable] an official list or record of names, items, etc; a book that contains such a list
member/ˈmembər/
- Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
R10) Then, he allowed audience members to bring their own handcuffs to prove he could escape from any pair of handcuffs. - R139) As far as anyone knows, no member of the public received a significant dose of radiation attributable to the Fukushima Daiichi reactor emergency and no physical health effects of radiation should be expected.
- a person, a country or an organization that has joined a particular group, club or team
- member (of something) a person, an animal or a plant that belongs to a particular group
embrace sth/ɪmˈbreɪs/
Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
9DD2) I’m Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality.
(formal) to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc, especially when it is done with enthusiasm
presume/prɪˈzuːm/
Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
R139) The figures tell a story: 237 Chernobyl workers were taken to hospital with suspected acute radiation sickness; 134 of these cases were confirmed; 28 were fatal; about 20 other workers have since died from illnesses considered to have been caused or aggravated by radiation exposure; two workers died from other causes at the time of the accident and another disappeared—presumed dead.
- [transitive] to accept that something is true until it is shown not to be true, especially in court
! assume/əˈsuːm/
- Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
! 2. R135) It seems obvious that European creditor nations need, one way or another, to assume some of the financial risks facing Spanish banks.
- to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it
- assume something (formal) to take or begin to have power or responsibility [SYN] take
expressly/ɪkˈspresli/
Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”.
(formal) clearly; definitely
urge/ɜːrdʒ/
2
- This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems.
- T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that.
- urge something (on/upon somebody) to recommend something strongly
- to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do something
quit/kwɪt/
- T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that.
L55) You hate your job. You ask yourself, “Why don’t you quit?” And you know why. Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay.
- [intransitive, transitive] (informal) to leave your job, school, etc
switch/swɪtʃ/V
This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.
L58) He doesn’t switch positions, abandon his principles, or change his personality to fit his mood, the company, the weather, or the state of his digestion.
R2) The posters featured a deer named Bambi from popular movie. Before long, however, the poster images were switched to a popular toy animal, a bear.
- [intransitive, transitive] to change or make something change from one thing to another
! devolved/dɪˈvɑːlvd/
This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.
(이번에 총선이 있어서 의원들이 바뀐 것. 그래서 예를 들면 16대에서 17대에서 넘어간 의회를 얘기하는 것.)
*O. if power or authority is devolved, it has been passed to somebody who has less power
! legislature/ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃər/
This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.
(formal) a group of people who have the power to make and change laws
legislator/ˈledʒɪsleɪtər/, lawmaker/ˈlɔːmeɪkər/
국회의원 부를 때 쓰는 말. legislator가 더 formal한 말.
legislator: (formal) a member of a group of people that has the power to make laws
lawmaker: a person in government who makes the laws of a country [SYN] legislator
intend/ɪnˈtend/
intended/ɪnˈtendɪd/
This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that.
L129) Their missile program, at least as they conceived of it early on, was intended to sort of neutralize the ability of the United States to intervene from bases in Japan, in support of the South Korean army.
intend: 1. [intransitive, transitive] to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do something
intended: 2. planned or designed for somebody/something
countryside/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/
T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that.
[uncountable] land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc
convinced/kənˈvɪnst/
Not everyone is convinced this would increase donations.
- [not before noun] completely sure about something [OPP] inconvinced
sceptic/ˈskeptɪk/
Not everyone is convinced this would increase donations. Among the sceptics is John Fabre of King’s College, London.
M. someone who has doubts about things that other people think are true or right
! league/liːɡ/
Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four.
(lead the league가 암기단어. 여기서 league는 opt-out system을 가진 나라뿐만이 아니라 그냥 나라들의 그룹을 말하는 듯. 물론 모든 나라는 아니고 뭐 EU연합 얘기하는 느낌? (R122 뉴스 chart에 보면 Spain이 나라 중에 deceased donor가 가장 많음.))
- a group of people or nations who have combined for a particular purpose [SYN] alliance
! lurk/lɜːrk/V
Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four.
(그리스 순위를 딱 봤을 때. 이 놈 어디 있어?? 쩌~ 바닥에 숨어있네. 이런 느낌 주려고 lurk를 씀. )
R137) The author of the follow-up in Pittsburgh wondered if the secret of intelligence might not be lurking in “the lustre of the eye.”
- [intransitive] (+ adverb/preposition) to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad or illegal [SYN] skulk
capacity/kəˈpæsəti/
- Americans, like Britons, have an opt-in system, but also one of the highest donation rates in the world. Culture and capacity may matter more than legal regimes.
R129) The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state’s capacity to stamp them out.
R141) “I thought — oh my God! — this is the whole problem. You have the ability. You are intelligent. You just don’t have the link between intelligence and the capacity to be productive. The pill is the link. I felt literally unstoppable. - A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles.
- R127) Last year the country crushed 555m tonnes of sugarcane, with 150m tonnes of mill capacity left unused. Planting is picking up again, says Mr Jank, and the spare capacity will not remain idle for long.
- [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the ability to understand or to do something
- [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the number of things or people that a container or space can hold
- [singular, uncountable] the quantity that a factory, machine, etc. can produce
! superbly/suːˈpɜːrbli/
Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public.
superb: excellent; of very good quality
! sell/sel/V
Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public.
T) President Obama is doing all he can to sell his ‘universal health care’ to the lawmakers.
10DD3) Don’t squander this opportunity, Nick. I know for a fact you can use a good recommendation on Judgment day, okay? I think you’re smelling what I’m selling. Any more questions?
- [transitive] sell something/yourself (to somebody) to persuade somebody that something is a good idea, service, product, etc; to persuade somebody that you are the right person for a job, position, etc
(사람들이 아이디어나 제도 같은 것을 받아들이도록 설득한다는 의미.)
universal/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/
T) President Obama is doing all he can to sell his ‘universal health care’ to the lawmakers.
R135) The fundamentals of the world economy aren’t, in themselves, all that scary; it’s the almost universal abdication of responsibility that fills me, and many other economists, with a growing sense of dread.
- done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group
