MO 13-1

Question 1

instant/ˈɪnstənt/

Answer 1

A regular stroke kills a large section of the brain in an instant, knocking out language or causing paralysis.

[usually singular] 1. a very short period of time [SYN] moment

Question 2

damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/N

Answer 2

1. Silent strokes do their damage a little bit at a time.
   Brain scans revealed nearly a fourth of them had damage to the brain left by these silent strokes.
2. R135) Central banks, notably the Bank of France and the Federal Reserve, could have done much more to limit the damage.
   L137) A nickname her grandson never uses. Ann called her son who said that Matthew was at work in San Francisco. But the damage was done. He was still apologizing when we put them together on Skype.
3. [uncountable] damage (to something) physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable
4. [uncountable] damage (to somebody/something) harmful effects on somebody/something

Question 3

blood vessel

Answer 3

In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.

any of the tubes through which blood flows through the body

Question 4

clot/klɑːt/

Answer 4

In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.

blood clot: (also clot) a lump that is formed when blood dries or becomes thicker

Question 5

surrounding/səˈraʊndɪŋ/

Answer 5

In each silent stroke, a tiny blood vessel closes down, or is blocked by a clot, the surrounding cells die.

[only before noun] that is near or around something

Question 6

dimentia/dɪˈmenʃə/

Answer 6

The researchers studied about 700 elderly people without dementia.

[uncountable] (medical) a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally

Question 7

apparent/əˈpærənt/

Answer 7

It’s becoming more and more apparent that these strokes not only affect us physically but also mentally.

[not usually before noun] easy to see or understand

Question 8

affect/əˈfekt/

Answer 8

It’s becoming more and more apparent that these strokes not only affect us physically but also mentally.

2. [often passive] [affect somebody/something] (of a disease) to attack somebody or a part of the body; to make somebody become ill/sick

Question 9

target/ˈtɑːrɡɪt/N

Answer 9

1. It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.
   R122) Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available.
   R133) Brokers are competing to come up with the highest potential price target for Apple’s shares, and the announcement of a share buy-back should remind investors that companies have a tendency to purchase their own equity at market peaks.

• R136) Yet not a single one hit his or her own children today as a routine method of discipline. None of the above explanations seemed on target to them. Instead, they chose not to spank for an entirely practical reason: They had, they said, learned more effective ways of disciplining children.
  (위에 언급한 어떤 설명도 이 사람들에게 타겟을 맞추고 있다고 보여지지 않았습니다. 이론들이 설명을 잘 못하고 있다는 뜻.)
  영한사전 on target: 올바른 목표를 향해; 겨냥이 정확하여, 예상[노린]대로; 정확한

3. R58) Knights in armor battle on horseback. There are targets for practicing with a bow and arrow. Some people try their skill at fencing with swords.
4. a result that you try to achieve
5. an object that people practise shooting at, especially a round board with circles on it

Question 10

! intervention/ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/

Answer 10

It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.

L124) It’s actually a well-established processing intervention that has a long history of success; that’s been approved by USDA.

R125) This very involved, two-month intervention halved television watching among participants.

M. [countable/uncountable] a situation in which someone becomes involved in a particular issue, problem etc in order to influence what happens

Question 11

! institute/ˈɪnstɪtuːt/

Answer 11

It possibly gives us a target for earlier intervention on people to be able to identify them and institute interventions.

[institute something] (formal) to introduce a system, policy, etc. or start a process

Question 12

cut/kʌt/V, N

Answer 12

V11. The good news? Silent strokes are preventable, if we cut risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, smoking and diabetes.

10. Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity.
11. L36) In the middle of a violent storm, Yazykov began cutting his arm.

N3. R131) But there were also large tax cuts favoring the wealthy.
R131) Given this history, why do Republicans advocate further tax cuts for the very rich even as they warn about deficits and demand drastic cuts in social insurance programs?

1. L6) As for Gardner, he has some cuts, but he is okay. “It’s a miracle that he wasn’t killed,” said police officer Michael Kuemmeth.

V11. [transitive] [cut something (from something)] to remove something from something

10. [transitive] to reduce something by removing a part of it
11. [transitive, intransitive] to make an opening or a wound in something, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors

N3. cut (in something) a reduction in amount, size, supply, etc

1. a wound caused by something sharp

Question 13

preserve/prɪˈzɜːrv/

Answer 13

1. So, with good choices, we can preserve good memories.

R143) Before approving drugs to treat patients who already have obvious dementia, the F.D.A. usually (but not always) requires manufacturers to demonstrate in clinical trials that the drugs will have a positive effect on preserving both mental capacities and the ability to function in daily life.

4. R7) Look upward and just imagine how high the trees might grow if we preserve and protect them.
5. preserve something to keep a particular quality, feature, etc; to make sure that something is kept
6. preserve somebody/something (from something) to keep somebody/something alive, or safe from harm or danger [SYN] save

Question 14

alert/əˈlɜːrt/N, V

Answer 14

N. We first reported on a consumer alert about orange juice earlier this month.

V. L138) The software analyzes security video while comparing it to what’s actually being scanned, alerting the store of potential shoplifters.

N2. [countable] a warning of danger or of a problem

V1. [often passive] alert somebody (to do something)| alert somebody (that)… to warn somebody about a dangerous or urgent situation

Question 15

trace/treɪs/N

Answer 15

Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.

Eleven contained more than a trace amount of the pesticide, carbendazim.

M. [countable] a very small amount of a substance, especially when it is too small to see clearly or measure accurately

Question 16

overseas/ˌoʊvərˈsiːz/adv.

Answer 16

Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.

to or in a foreign country, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean [SYN] abroad

Question 17

inspector/ɪnˈspektər/

Answer 17

Government inspectors, rushing to the nation’s ports to conduct their own test.

L141) With prosecutors recently killed in Texas, and a West Virginia sheriff executed just last week, authorities are taking no chances. Bomb analysts for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms are assisting postal inspectors.

1. a person whose job is to visit schools, factories, etc. to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable

Question 18

conduct/kənˈdʌkt/

Answer 18

Government inspectors, rushing to the nation’s ports to conduct their own test.

1. [transitive] [conduct something] (formal) to organize and/or do a particular activity

Question 19

! word/wɜːrd/N

Answer 19

! Well today, word that some of those tests were positive.

T) We have word that Hyo-ree and Sang-soon tied the knot in a secret spot in Seoul yesterday.

! L93) There are 58 million Americans who get social security checks and they’re about to receive word there will be no cost of living increase in their checks for 2011.

4. [singular] a piece of information or news

Question 20

check/tʃek/N

Answer 20

2. So we asked ABC’s Lisa Stark to give us a reality check on orange juice and whether there’s real cause for worry.
3. L55) Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay. And your young hubby’s crummy little check won’t cover them. That’s why.

L93) There are 58 million Americans who get social security checks and they’re about to receive word there will be no cost of living increase in their checks for 2011.

2. [countable] [check (on somebody/something)] an investigation to find out more information about
3. [countable] a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for something instead of using money

Question 21

! cause (for sth)

Answer 21

So we asked ABC’s Lisa Stark to give us a reality check on orange juice and whether there’s real cause for worry.

[uncountable] [cause (for something)] a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way

Question 22

turn up

Answer 22

One quarter of the orange juice samples tested has now turned up positive for a pesticide that is not approved for use in the United States.

~_~

Question 23

! approve/əˈpruːv/

Answer 23

M2. Trace amounts of an unapproved chemical, a pesticide, had been found in orange juice imported from overseas.
One quarter of the orange juice samples tested has now turned up positive for a pesticide that is not approved for use in the United States.

1. R122) Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up.
   ! R136) Primary care physicians tacitly approve of corporal punishment.

M2. [transitive] [often passive] to give official agreement or permission to something

1. [intransitive] to think that somebody/something is good, acceptable or suitable

Question 24

batch/bætʃ/N

Answer 24

So far, the FDA has sampled 40 batches of imports.

R6) However, the poisonous varieties are only a small percentage of the world’s snakes. We can’t say the whole batch is bad just because of a few rotten ones.

1. a number of people or things that are dealt with as a group

Question 25

! scramble/ˈskræmbl/

Answer 25

The FDA scrambled to begin testing earlier this month after a major orange juice maker found the chemical in its own sampling. L3. [transitive] to try to do something difficult very quickly

Question 26

confirm/kənˈfɜːrm/

Answer 26

What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn't just one shipment. 9DD1) "DNA test." - "It's me." - "It's procedure. I'm just confirming it's you." R139) The figures tell a story: 237 Chernobyl workers were taken to hospital with suspected acute radiation sickness; 134 of these cases were confirmed; 28 were fatal; about 20 other workers have since died from illnesses considered to have been caused or aggravated by radiation exposure; two workers died from other causes at the time of the accident and another disappeared—presumed dead. L59) A study by the U.S. Center for Disease Control confirmed what many former smokers have learned from experience: Americans who swear off smoking can expect to gain weight - an average of 3.8 kg for women, 2.8 kg for men. O1. to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidences M1. [transitive] to prove that something is true

Question 27

isolated/ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/

Answer 27

What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn't just one shipment. 3. single; happening once M. incident의 예문: an isolated incident  (=an event that is not connected with other events)

Question 28

incident/ˈɪnsɪdənt/

Answer 28

What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn't just one shipment. 1. [countable] something that happens, especially something unusual or unpleasant

Question 29

shipment/ˈʃɪpmənt/

Answer 29

What it does is confirm that this is not an isolated incident. It wasn't just one shipment. 2. [countable] a load of goods that are sent from one place to another M1. [countable] an amount of goods carried on a ship, plane, train, or truck

Question 30

plant/plænt/N

Answer 30

Five of the positive samples came from Brazil, six from Canadian plants. 2. [countable] a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place

Question 31

taint/teɪnt/

Answer 31

The fear is that tainted, imported juice can end up mixed with American juice. [often passive] [taint something (with something)] (formal) to damage or spoil the quality of something or the opinion that people have of somebody/something

Question 32

based (on sth)

Answer 32

The FDA says based on testing so far, orange juice already here is safe to drink. Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. R123) Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.” R123) "We need to fix school lunches so they’re based on fresh foods, and fix food assistance programs so people have greater access to healthier foods." [not before noun] 1. [based (on something)] if one thing is based on another, it uses it or is developed from it

Question 33

level/ˈlevl/N

Answer 33

Levels are too low to be a health hazard. R132) And that’s why nations with stable, responsible governments — that is, governments that are willing to impose modestly higher taxes when the situation warrants it — have historically been able to live with much higher levels of debt than today’s conventional wisdom would lead you to believe. 1. [countable] the amount of something that exists in a particular situation at a particular time

Question 34

! hazard/ˈhæzərd/

Answer 34

Levels are too low to be a health hazard. R139) Again, the casualty figures tell their own story. Severe potential hazards did exist on the reactor sites because of high levels of radiation, but health controls were mainly effective. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage

Question 35

treatable/ˈtriːtəb(ə)l/

Answer 35

Heart disease may be treatable with stem cells. M. a treatable illness or medical condition can be cured by medical treatment

Question 36

! shelve/ʃelv/

Answer 36

But a project to repair spinal cords is being shelved. [transitive] [shelve something] to decide not to continue with a plan, either for a short time or permanently [SYN] put on ice

Question 37

mixed/mɪkst/

Answer 37

1. It has been a mixed week for proponents of regenerative medicine. M1. R142) But most jails favour mixed-age populations, as do many old-timers. (mixed에 넣어도 되는 건지 모르겠지만 표현이 좋아서) O1. having both good and bad qualities or feelings M4. partly good and partly bad M1. [only before noun] consisting of different things O3. [only before noun] consisting of different types of the same thing

Question 38

proponent/prəˈpoʊnənt/

Answer 38

It has been a mixed week for proponents of regenerative medicine. [proponent (of something)] (formal) a person who supports an idea or course of action [SYN] advocate

Question 39

! spin off (from sth)/ spin sth-off (from sth)

Answer 39

A stem cell is one that, when it divides, spins off some offspring that remain as stem cells while others turn into functional tissue. Stem cells found in embryos can spin off a wide range of tissue types. O. to happen or to produce something as a new or unexpected result of something that already exists M1. [transitive] to create something new based on something else that already exists

Question 40

! offspring/ˈɔːfsprɪŋ/

Answer 40

A stem cell is one that, when it divides, spins off some offspring that remain as stem cells while others turn into functional tissue. [plural offspring] (formal or humorous) 1. a child of a particular person or couple 2. the young of an animal or plant

Question 41

therapeutic/ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/

Answer 41

The bad news for those who have hopes of the field is that Geron, an American firm that was a pioneer of the therapeutic use of stem cells, is pulling out of the business. [usually before noun] designed to help treat an illness

Question 42

! pull out (of sth)

Answer 42

The bad news for those who have hopes of the field is that Geron, an American firm that was a pioneer of the therapeutic use of stem cells, is pulling out of the business. to move away from something or stop being involved in it [SYN] withdraw

Question 43

end/end/V

Answer 43

It is ending (or selling, if it can find a buyer) a project that was testing embryonic stem cells as a treatment for people paralysed by injuries to their spinal cords. Coronary heart disease is the world's biggest killer. It ended 7.3m lives in 2008 (the most recent year for which figures are available). [intransitive, transitive] to finish; to make something finish

Question 44

capital/ˈkæpɪtl/

Answer 44

L2. At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is. R130) It might string the world along, extort as much food and diplomatic capital as it can only to throw out the inspectors and test a bomb. R138) Second, it’s not true that people in disorganized neighborhoods have bad values. Their goals are not different from everybody else’s. It’s that they lack the social capital to enact those values. M1a. R128) China will soon overtake Britain, with around 3m cameras, as the capital of video surveillance. L2. [singular, uncountable] money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth M1a. the most important place for an activity or industry

Question 45

critical/ˈkrɪtɪkl/

Answer 45

At a time when the ability to speak English is critical, the hagwon is providing valuable lessons. O2. extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it [SYN] crucial M2. very important

Question 46

nonsense/ˈnɑːnsens/

Answer 46

T) In a city where the number of cabs is even higher than its citizens, adding more taxies is simply nonsense. O1. [uncountable, countable] ideas, statements or beliefs that you think are ridiculous or not true [SYN] rubbish M1. [singular/uncountable] ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible

Question 47

commercial/kəˈmɜːrʃl/

Answer 47

At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is. R127) A few experimental options, such as biodiesel made from algae, look close to commercial viability, says Andy Steinhubl of Bain & Company, a consultancy. 2. [only before noun] making or intended to make a profit

Question 48

proposition/ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn/

Answer 48

At a time when it is hard to raise new capital, the firm has decided to concentrate on anticancer therapies that, it hopes, are nearer to being commercial propositions than the stem-cell study is. 1. an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in business

Question 49

publish/ˈpʌblɪʃ/

Answer 49

The good news for the field of stem-cell therapy comes from a paper published in this week's Lancet by Roberto Bolli of the University of Louisville and his colleagues. M2. [intransitive/transitive] to put something someone has written where other people can read it, on paper or online

Question 50

colleague/ˈkɑːliːɡ/

Answer 50

The good news for the field of stem-cell therapy comes from a paper published in this week's Lancet by Roberto Bolli of the University of Louisville and his colleagues. a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business

Question 51

! cardiac/ˈkɑːrdiæk/

Answer 51

They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. [only before noun] (medical) connected with the heart or heart disease

Question 52

heart failure

Answer 52

They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. [uncountable] a serious medical condition in which the heart does not work correctly (심부전)

Question 53

routine/ruːˈtiːn/N, adj.

Answer 53

N1. They have used more specialised stem cells—ones that spin off only cardiac cells—to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. If their method can be made routine, it will bring enormous benefits. adj. R136) Yet not a single one hit his or her own children today as a routine method of discipline. N1. [countable, uncountable] the normal order and way in which you regularly do things adj1. [usually before noun] done or happening as a normal part of a particular job, situation or process

Question 54

benefit (from/by sth)/ˈbenɪfɪt/

Answer 54

A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them. 2. [intransitive] [benefit (from/by something)] to be in a better position because of something

Question 55

transplant/ˈtrænzplænt/

Answer 55

A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them. [countable, uncountable] a medical operation in which a damaged organ, etc. is replaced with one from

Question 56

! thumper

Answer 56

A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them. 심장 thump! thump!

Question 57

! hence/hens/

Answer 57

A patient with heart failure (caused, for example, by a muscle-damaging heart attack) may benefit from a transplant, but there are not enough spare thumpers around for all those who need them. Hence the idea of doing running repairs on a patient's existing organ. M. used for introducing something that is a result of the fact that has just been stated

Question 58

! running repairs

Answer 58

Hence the idea of doing running repairs on a patient's existing organ. O. [plural] small things that you do to a piece of clothing, a vehicle, a machine, etc. to repair it or to keep it working M. a small temporary repair that allows you to continue using something

Question 59

unfortunate/ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənət/

Answer 59

The participants in Dr Bolli's study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg. O. (literary) a person who does not have much luck, money, etc M. someone who has an unpleasant life or is in an unpleasant situation

Question 60

bypass/ˈbaɪpɑːs/N, V

Answer 60

The participants in Dr Bolli's study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg. R126) They say that blocking entire websites via their domain name smacks of censorship, and that determined downloaders will anyway find the block easy to bypass. N. a medical operation on the heart in which blood is directed along a different route so that it does not flow through a part that is damaged or blocked; the new route that the blood takes V. bypass something to ignore a rule, an official system or somebody in authority, especially in order to get something done quickly

Question 61

fur up

Answer 61

The participants in Dr Bolli's study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg. M. [intransitive/transitive] 1. if an artery furs up or is furred up, it becomes blocked

Question 62

alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/

Answer 62

The participants in Dr Bolli's study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg. [only before noun] (also alternate especially in North American English) that can be used instead of something else

Question 63

! craft/kræft/V

Answer 63

The participants in Dr Bolli's study were 23 unfortunates who had each had at least one heart attack in the past, and were thus lined up for coronary-bypass surgery, in which the furred-up blood supply to the heart is replaced with an alternative artery crafted from a blood vessel taken from elsewhere—usually the leg. [usually passive] [craft something] to make something using special skills, especially with your hands [SYN] fashion

Question 64

optimal/ˈɑːptɪməl/

Answer 64

On average, these patients had hearts pumping out 30% of the optimal volume of blood. (=optimum): [only before noun] (also optimal) the best possible; producing the best possible results

Question 65

receive/rɪˈsiːv/

Answer 65

2. Seven of the 23 acted as a control group, and received no intervention from Dr Bolli after the surgery. R139) As far as anyone knows, no member of the public received a significant dose of radiation attributable to the Fukushima Daiichi reactor emergency and no physical health effects of radiation should be expected. R139) Two workers received burns from beta radiation. They were discharged from hospital after two days. 1. R125) In their study, 84 children received Wii consoles and one half of those got a collection of exercise-oriented games like Wii Sports and EA Active, which ask players to move their arms and legs or jump around to control the action. L128) Cars like the 2012 Toyota Venza SUV and the Acura TL 4-door got high marks for male drivers, but under the new safety ratings they received just two stars for female passengers. R131) Still, don’t some of the very rich get that way by producing innovations that are worth far more to the world than the income they receive? R134) In France there has been discussion of confining tax breaks, which can be quite generous, to charities that spend the money they receive inside the country. 2. [transitive] to experience or be given a particular type of treatment or an injury 1. [transitive] (rather formal) to get or accept something that is sent or given to you

Question 66

break sth-up

Answer 66

From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions. 1. to make something separate into smaller pieces; to divide something into smaller parts

Question 67

extract/ɪkˈstrækt/

Answer 67

1. From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions. R127) A long-mooted pipeline carrying ethanol from Brazil's central and southern sugar-growing regions to Santos, its largest port, might finally get built. O1. [extract something (from somebody/something)] to remove or obtain a substance from something, for example by using an industrial or a chemical process

Question 68

breed/briːd/ | bred, bred

Answer 68

2. From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions. 3. R138) The recent research details how disruption breeds disruption. This research includes the thousands of studies on attachment theory, which show that children who can’t form secure attachments by 18 months face a much worse set of chances for the rest of their lives because they find it harder to build stable relationships. 2. [transitive] [breed something (for/as something)] to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way 3. [transitive] breed something to be the cause of something

Question 69

! number/ˈnʌmbər/V

Answer 69

1. From the other 16, the researchers collected tissue samples during surgery. They broke these up, in order to extract cardiac stem cells from them (these cells can be identified by the presence on their surfaces of a particular protein), and then bred the stem cells in tissue cultures until they numbered millions. 2. R122) The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. R133) Exxon Mobil has annual revenues of $486 billion and GE employs 301,000 people; Apple had annual revenues of $108 billion in its last fiscal year and its workforce numbered just 60,000. 1. [transitive] to give a number to something as part of a series or list 2. [intransitive] [+ noun] to make a particular number when added together [SYN] add up to sth

Question 70

original/əˈrɪdʒənl/

Answer 70

About four months after each patient's original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle. 1. [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity

Question 71

stabilize/ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/

Answer 71

About four months after each patient's original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle. R142) But most jails favour mixed-age populations, as do many old-timers. They also provide a stabilising force in the prison environment, says Seena Fazel, a psychiatrist at Oxford University. At the California Men’s Colony, “Gold Coats”—convicts with spotless prison records—are trained to assist demented inmates in showering and changing incontinence pads. O. [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something become firm, steady and unlikely to change; to make something stable

Question 72

! catheter/ˈkæθɪtər/

Answer 72

About four months after each patient's original operation, when their hearts had stabilised, Dr Bolli used a catheter to deliver 1m of the newly bred stem cells to their damaged heart muscle. a thin tube that is put into the body in order to remove liquid such as urine

Question 73

remarkable/rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/ | remarkably/rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

Answer 73

The results were remarkable. R133) So what does Apple's dominance reveal about the economy and the stockmarket? First, it is a powerful reminder, at a time when the Chinese model of state capitalism is gaining adherents, that the free market can still be remarkably innovative. remarkable: unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice [SYN] astonishing [OPP] unremarkable

Question 74

remaining/rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

Answer 74

Although two patients dropped out of the study, the remaining 14 saw significant benefits. M. [only before noun] still left after other people or things have gone, have been dealt with etc

Question 75

significant/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

Answer 75

1. Although two patients dropped out of the study, the remaining 14 saw significant benefits. L123) Over a long period of time, that would be a significant advantage in our fight against obesity. L129) A ballistic missile test launch followed by a nuclear test explosion, followed by uranium enrichment at Yongbyon and facilities probably beyond Yongbyon is a much more significant problem. 1. large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticed

Question 76

! infusion/ɪnˈfjuːʒn/

Answer 76

Four months after the infusion their hearts were pumping an average of 38.5% of the optimal volume, and this had risen to 42.5% a year after the transfusion. 3. [countable, uncountable] (medical) an act of slowly putting a drug or other substance into a person's vein; the drug that is used in this way

Question 77

transfusion/trænsˈfjuːʒn/

Answer 77

Four months after the infusion their hearts were pumping an average of 38.5% of the optimal volume, and this had risen to 42.5% a year after the transfusion. (=blood transfusion): (also transfusion) [countable, uncountable] the process of putting new blood into the body of a person or an animal

Question 78

! infuse/ɪnˈfjuːz/

Answer 78

4. The amount of dead tissue in the infused hearts had shrunk, too. ! 1. L143) Normal snacks like popcorn, candy, even gum infused with caffeine. ABC’s David Kerley shows us why some people are wary. (1이 정의 맞는 것 같진 않은데 의미는 아니까) 4. [transitive] infuse something (into something) (medical) to slowly put a drug or other substance into a person's vein 1. [transitive] infuse A into B| infuse B with A (formal) to make somebody/something have a particular quality

Question 79

shrink/ʃrɪŋk/

Answer 79

The amount of dead tissue in the infused hearts had shrunk, too. 2. [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something smaller in size or amount

Question 80

unclear/ˌʌnˈklɪr/

Answer 80

Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear. not clear or definite; difficult to understand or be sure about

Question 81

inject/ɪnˈdʒekt/

Answer 81

1. Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear. It could be that the injected cells form new muscle themselves. 11DD1) No, I don’t. Do you? Starving people to death? No. I don’t think so. It’s inhumane. If a person’s allowed to die, then you inject them, painlessly, quickly. You don’t let them wither away. It’s inconceivable. It’s unspeakable. to put a drug or other substance into a person's or an animal's body using a syringe

Question 82

! alternatively/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪvli/

Answer 82

Just how the cardiac stem cells achieved this feat remains unclear. It could be that the injected cells form new muscle themselves. Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart. used to introduce a suggestion that is a second choice or possibility

Question 83

! secrete/sɪˈkriːt/

Answer 83

Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart. [secrete something] (of part of the body or a plant) to produce a liquid substance

Question 84

stimulate/ˈstɪmjuleɪt/

Answer 84

1. Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart. 2. R143) The proposal could stimulate researchers to come up with new ways to identify and test treatments in patients with early Alzheimer’s. 1. [stimulate something] to make something develop or become more active; to encourage something 2. to make somebody interested and excited about something

Question 85

throw a switch, etc

Answer 85

Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them. O. [transitive] [throw something] to move a switch, handle, etc. to operate something M. [transitive] if you throw a switch, handle etc, you move it up or down, for example in order to start or stop a machine

Question 86

crucial/ˈkruːʃl/ | crucially/ˈkruːʃəli/

Answer 86

Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them. R130) Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles. Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. extremely important, because it will affect other things [SYN] critical, essential

Question 87

thus/ðʌs/

Answer 87

Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them. 2. R129) They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse. Some of the weeping that followed Kim Jong Il's death may thus have been genuine. (formal) 1. in this way; like this 2. as a result of something just mentioned [SYN] hence, therefore

Question 88

activate/ˈæktɪveɪt/

Answer 88

Alternatively, chemicals they secrete may stimulate changes in cells already present in the heart—a suggestion encouraged by the work of Paul Riley at University College, London, who has (in mice) stimulated stem cells which were already present to turn into cardiac muscle by adding a protein called thymosin beta 4 that throws a crucial genetic switch in stem cells, and thus activates them. L123) The secret weapon? The cold. It appears to activate certain fat called brown fat, which acts like a furnace, heating up the body, causing it to burn calories. [activate something] to make something such as a device or chemical process start working

Question 89

! line/laɪn/

Answer 89

Other lines of inquiry into heart repair are also being followed. (lines of inquiry가 암기단어) L142) So experts stress to all parents and grandparents, you are the last line of defense. 23. [countable] a method or way of doing or thinking about something

Question 90

! inquiry/ɪnˈkwaɪəri/

Answer 90

3. Other lines of inquiry into heart repair are also being followed. (lines of inquiry가 암기단어) R137) The idea that an ugly face might hide a subtle mind has attracted scientific inquiries for many years. 3. [uncountable] the act of asking questions or collecting information about somebody/something L2. [uncountable] the act or process of asking questions in order to get information

Question 91

! do the trick

Answer 91

Eduardo Marbán, the director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute of Los Angeles, plans to test whether stem cells from a general cell bank, rather than specifically from the patient to be treated himself, might do the trick—or whether they would, instead, be rejected by the immune system. (informal) to succeed in solving a problem or achieving a particular result

Question 92

reject/rɪˈdʒekt/

Answer 92

Eduardo Marbán, the director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute of Los Angeles, plans to test whether stem cells from a general cell bank, rather than specifically from the patient to be treated himself, might do the trick—or whether they would, instead, be rejected by the immune system. 4. [reject something (of the body)] to not accept a new organ after a transplant operation, by producing substances that attack the organ

Question 93

! go one better (than sb/sth)

Answer 93

Deepak Srivastava of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, in San Francisco, meanwhile, thinks he can go one better, by not using stem cells at all. to do something better than somebody else or than you have done before [SYN] outdo

Question 94

move on (to sth)

Answer 94

He is moving on to pigs—and has people in his sights. 10DD2) Yeah, sorry. Doesn’t look good. We have to move on. Your team doesn’t qualify. to start doing or discussing something new

Question 95

in your sights

Answer 95

He is moving on to pigs—and has people in his sights. M. used about things that you intend to have or achieve L. if you have someone or something in your sights, you intend to achieve it or get it for yourself or to attack them

Question 96

trial/ˈtraɪəl/

Answer 96

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. R143) Before approving drugs to treat patients who already have obvious dementia, the F.D.A. usually (but not always) requires manufacturers to demonstrate in clinical trials that the drugs will have a positive effect on preserving both mental capacities and the ability to function in daily life. 2. [countable, uncountable] the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of somebody/something, especially before you make a final decision about them

Question 97

! far off

Answer 97

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. off: 1. away from a place; at a distance in space or time

Question 98

! dicky/ˈdɪki/

Answer 98

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. (old-fashioned, British English, informal) not healthy; not working correctly

Question 99

service/ˈsɜːrvɪs/

Answer 99

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. 1. [usually passive] service something to examine a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary so that it 

Question 100

midlife/mɪdˈlaɪf/

Answer 100

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. [uncountable] the middle part of your life when you are neither young nor old

Question 101

! complacency/kəmˈpleɪsnsi/

Answer 101

Dr Bolli, too, has plans. He hopes soon to begin a bigger trial, based on the success of his small one. The day may not be far off, then, when a dicky heart can be serviced in mid-life and made good for a few more years. That is no excuse for complacency. [uncountable] (usually disapproving) a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary; the state of being complacent

Question 102

course of action

Answer 102

That is no excuse for complacency: prevention will always remain a better course of action than cure. (=course (5)): (also course of action) [countable] a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation

Question 103

collaborator/kəˈlæbəreɪtər/

Answer 103

But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today. 1. a person who works with another person to create or produce something such as a book

Question 104

fearful/ˈfɪrfl/

Answer 104

But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today. 2. [only before noun] (formal) terrible and frightening

Question 105

prospect/ˈprɑːspekt/ | prospects [plural]

Answer 105

2. But for those for whom prevention has not succeeded, the work of Dr Bolli and his collaborators and rivals brings hope that a heart attack will, in the future, not be quite the fearful prospect it is today. R130) The six-party talks on the nuclear programme could yet be the forum in which the outside world invests in North Korean power stations and infrastructure even as the North freezes its weapons programme—or even surrenders it. Just now that is an enticing, if still distant, prospect for Barack Obama. 3. R133) But Apple offers the kind of growth prospects that the shareholders of Exxon Mobil and GE can only dream of. O2. [singular] an idea of what might or will happen in the future M2. [singular] something that you expect or know is going to happen in the future, or the thought of this L2. [singular] a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future - used especially when you want to talk about how you feel about it O3. prospects [plural] the chances of being successful

Question 106

! dumbstruck/ˈdʌmstrʌk/

Answer 106

Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children. unable to speak because of surprise

Question 107

abduction/æbˈdʌkʃn/

Answer 107

Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children. abduct: [abduct somebody] to take somebody away illegally, especially using force [SYN] kidnap

Question 108

abuse/əˈbjuːs/

Answer 108

2. Lately, we’ve been dumbstruck by a series of incidents involving abduction, murder and abuse of children. R129) They have been taught to think of the Kims as warm, doting parents, fiercely guarding a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese and even Chinese abuse. L138) There’s also what’s known as “weight abuse.” That’s when someone tricks the scanner by taking an expensive item, two bags of pricey coffee beans in this case, but then types into the machine the code for something much cheaper, bananas. (이건 얘네가 만들어낸 말이니까 깊게 파고들 필요는 없는데 굳이 말하면 "무게 사기") 2. [uncountable, plural] unfair, cruel or violent treatment of somebody

Question 109

matter/ˈmætər/V

Answer 109

Prevention matters here, more than anything else. [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something

Question 110

! the Holy Grail

Answer 110

And now, big news about the Holy Grail of medicine, ending illness by preventing disease, not just treating it after it happens. M. (informal) something that someone wants very much to have or to achieve

Question 111

! clarion call/ˈklæriən kɔːl/

Answer 111

And all this week, every single program at ABC News is going to report on his clarion call about preventing illness. [singular] (formal) a clear message or request for people to do something

Question 112

well/wel/adv.

Answer 112

How our bodies are sending all of us signals well before we feel sick. L130) This behavior went well over the line. This is unprofessional. This is unacceptable. 3. to a great extent or degree

Question 113

odds/ɑːdz/

Answer 113

2. The doctor Lance Armstrong and Ted Kennedy called when they got sick, the man who kept Steve Jobs alive for years against all odds. T) He won the Wimbledon against all odds. M1. And a bit of good news. All those people snapping up tickets don’t change your odds of winning. They’re fixed at a lousy one in 176 million. 2. [plural] something that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve something M1. [plural] the chances of something happening O1. [plural] usually the odds the degree to which something is likely to happen

Question 114

radical/ˈrædɪkl/ | radically/ˈrædɪkli/

Answer 114

2. And in his radical new book, Dr.David Agus suggests that "The End of Illness" won't come from miracle cures but smarter living. 1. R138) It includes the work of Annette Lareau, whose classic book, “Unequal Childhoods,” was just updated last year. She shows that different social classes have radically different child-rearing techniques, producing different outcomes. radical: [usually before noun] 2. new, different and likely to have a great effect 1. concerning the most basic and important parts of something; thorough and complete

Question 115

establish/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

Answer 115

1. The key is to note various aspects of yourself, and so the first is establish your metrics. KE0923) Oscar Arias won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in establishing peace through elections of this sort and took office as president of Costa Rica. 1. [establish something] to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long time [SYN] set up

Question 116

metrics/ˈmetrɪks/

Answer 116

The key is to note various aspects of yourself, and so the first is establish your metrics. M. [plural] [computing] a group of numbers giving information about a particular feature of a piece of software or hardware

Question 117

clue/kluː/

Answer 117

And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips. 2. [clue (to something)] a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem

Question 118

! red flag

Answer 118

! And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips. ! L141) The device was discovered by an alert postal worker who noticed the package addressed to Arpaio with excessive postage, often a red flag for suspicious mail. L. [countable] American English something that shows or warns you that something might be wrong, illegal etc

Question 119

! have sth at your fingertips

Answer 119

And Agus says your system is constantly sending you clues when it is out of balance, red flags that are literally at your fingertips. O. to have the information, knowledge, etc. that is needed in a particular situation and be able to find it easily and use it quickly M. at your fingertips: near you, or available for you to use immediately

Question 120

! osteoarthritis/ˌɑːstioʊɑːrˈθraɪtɪs/

Answer 120

If your ring finger is bigger than your index finger, you're almost twice as likely to get osteoarthritis. [uncountable] (medical) a disease that causes painful swelling and permanent damage in the joints of the body, especially the hips, knees and thumbs (골관절염)

Question 121

! osteoporosis/ˌɑːstioʊpəˈroʊsɪs/

Answer 121

R142) Deafness, osteoporosis and dementia need nursing-home care—and a handful of jails are starting to offer it. (also brittle bone disease) [uncountable] (medical) a condition in which the bones become weak and are easily broken, usually when people get older or because they do not eat enough of certain substances

Question 122

correlate/ˈkɔːrəleɪt/, correlation/ˌkɔːrəˈleɪʃn/

Answer 122

If you're a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero. R125) There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality. 1. [intransitive] if two or more facts, figures, etc.correlate or if a fact, figure, etc.correlates with another, the facts are closely connected and affect or depend on each other correlation: [countable, uncountable] a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does

Question 123

exposure (to sth)/ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

Answer 123

If you're a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero. [uncountable] [exposure (to something)] the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant

Question 124

! in utero/ˌɪn ˈjuːtəroʊ/

Answer 124

If you're a woman, finger length correlates to testosterone exposure in utero. (technical) inside a woman's uterus, before a baby is born

Question 125

womb/wuːm/, uterus/ˈjuːtərəs

Answer 125

자궁 the organ in women and female animals in which babies develop before they are born

Question 126

joint/dʒɔɪnt/

Answer 126

So, if that ring finger is longer, ladies, regular stretching or yoga will take care of your joints. 1. a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that enables them to bend and move

Question 127

keep an eye on sb/sth

Answer 127

And men, keep an eye on your ankles. to take care of somebody/something and make sure that they are not harmed, damaged, etc

Question 128

circulatory/ˈsɜːrkjələtɔːri/

Answer 128

If all of a sudden there's no hair down here that may mean a circulatory problem. relating to the circulation of the blood

Question 129

! fall out

Answer 129

Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner. to become loose and drop

Question 130

possible/ˈpɑːsəbl/

Answer 130

Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner. 2. that might exist or happen but is not certain to

Question 131

thinner/ˈθɪnər/

Answer 131

Luckily my ankle hair is okay so far. But if it starts falling out, I know now to ask my doctor about the possible need for a blood thinner.(혈전 생성 혹은 혈액 응고 방지하는 약) [uncountable, countable] a substance that is added to paint, varnish, etc. to make it less thick

Question 132

ache/eɪk/N, V

Answer 132

Okay, next check, how comfortable are your shoes? Because while those heel amazing, your aching feet are trying to send you a deadly serious warning. Those aches today actually has a lof of effect on your joints. In a day, a week, a year, that starts to add up. V1. [intransitive] to feel a continuous dull pain [SYN] hurt N. (often in compounds) a continuous feeling of pain in a part of the body

Question 133

deadly/ˈdedli/adv., adj.

Answer 133

adv1. Okay, next check, how comfortable are your shoes? Because while those heel amazing, your aching feet are trying to send you a deadly serious warning. adj1. R124) Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.” L141) I’m on the trail of a virus with frightening potential. I need to emphasize that so far this virus has not mutated into the most deadly form. TED) The shark experts are the best in the world -- large predators below. The box jellyfish, the deadliest venom in all of the ocean, is in these waters, and I have come close to dying from them on a previous attempt. adv1. (informal) extremely adj1. causing or likely to cause death [SYN] lethal

Question 134

inflammation/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/

Answer 134

Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases. [uncountable, countable] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury

Question 135

in the long run/term long-term short-run

Answer 135

in the long run: Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases. L125) They say that it’s actually cheaper in the long run to pay for birth control because pregnancies are so expensive. long-term: R127) If ethanol is ever to become a globally traded commodity—the long-term dream of boosters in both countries—the two sides need to make common cause. R131) And while Democrats, by and large, want that super-elite to make at least some contribution to long-term deficit reduction, Republicans want to cut the super-elite’s taxes even as they slash Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid in the name of fiscal discipline. short-run: 이건 정의 없음. Perhaps most obviously, the economic “experts” on whom much of Congress relies have been repeatedly, utterly wrong about the short-run effects of budget deficits. 추가. R132) But Washington isn’t just confused about the short run; it’s also confused about the long run. in the long run/term: M. not immediately but at some time in the future long-term: O1. [usually before noun] that will last or have an effect over a long period of time

Question 136

degenerative/dɪˈdʒenərətɪv/

Answer 136

Aching feet mean inflammation. Inflammation in the long term is bad for heart disease, for cancer, for neural degenerative diseases. (technical) (of an illness) getting or likely to get worse as time passes

Question 137

! add up, add up to sth

Answer 137

Those aches today actually has a lof of effect on your joints. In a day, a week, a year, that starts to add up. ex) What little you have will add up when everyone joins the campaign. ex) His testimony today doesn't seem to add up. L123) And so the takeaway, they say little indulgences add up. KE0913) All these expenses add up to more than a million won for these Korean parents priming their kids for college in the U.S. add up: (informal) 1. (especially in negative sentences) to seem reasonable; to make sense 2. (not used in the progressive tenses) to increase by small amounts until there is a large total add up to sth: to make a total amount of something

Question 138

! ward sb/sth-off

Answer 138

And finally, your watch may be the best health care device you carry, because eating and sleeping at the same time every day, even weekends, helps ward off disease. O. to protect or defend yourself against danger, illness, attack, etc M. [transitive] to do something to prevent someone or something from harming you

Question 139

interconnect/ˌɪntərkəˈnekt/

Answer 139

He wants you to think of yourself as a system. So many parts interconnected. [transitive, intransitive] to connect similar things; to be connected to or with similar things

Question 140

investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/

Answer 140

And if you can track your health with the same attention you give your investments or your favorite team or celebrities, you'll be more empowered when you go to the doctor. R132) And because foreigners tend to put their U.S. investments into safe, low-yield assets, America actually earns more from its assets abroad than it pays to foreign investors. 2. [countable] the money that you invest, or the thing that you invest in

Question 141

*empower/ɪmˈpaʊər/

Answer 141

And if you can track your health with the same attention you give your investments or your favorite team or celebrities, you'll be more empowered when you go to the doctor. [often passive] O2. [empower somebody (to do something)] to give somebody more control over their own life or the situation they are in M1. to give someone more control over their life or more power to do something

Question 142

conscious/ˈkɑːnʃəs/

Answer 142

O4. There's so much technology that can keep you from getting sick, Diane, but it only works if you have your own data to put into that system and what you learn about yourself when you're conscious could save your life. O1. R130) The ruling elite is scandalously indifferent to the suffering of ordinary North Koreans—generations at a time pass through the country's miserable gulags—but it is punctiliously conscious of its own dignity. (L4 뜻이 좀 더 잘 맞음. L1은 O1랑 같음) O4. being particularly interested in something O1. [not before noun] aware of something; noticing something M1. [not usually before noun] noticing that something exists or is happening and realizing that it is important L4. thinking a lot about or concerned about something

Question 143

breakthrough/ˈbreɪkθruː/

Answer 143

And again, he's calling it end of illness. End of illness with what we have now. Not waiting for radical breakthroughs, what we have now. R130) Now comes news of a breakthrough. On February 29th North Korea and America announced that the North would suspend its enrichment of uranium at its plant in Yongbyon and impose a moratorium on tests of weapons and long-range missiles. Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped.  L. [countable] an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time O. an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement M. a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work

Question 144

bring sth-up

Answer 144

"I don't mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what's with the big, hairy Russian?" L124) Now, Siegel is not the first to complain about lean beef trimmings. A former USDA microbiologist has raised questions about its safety and celebrity chef Jamie Oliver has brought it up on his TV show. to mention a subject or start to talk about it [SYN] raise

Question 145

the elephant in the room

Answer 145

"I don't mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what's with the big, hairy Russian?" a problem or question that everyone knows about but does not mention because it is easier not to discuss it

Question 146

what's with sth?

Answer 146

"I don't mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what's with the big, hairy Russian?" O. (informal) used to ask the reason for something M. used for asking someone for an explanation about something

Question 147

hairy/ˈheri/

Answer 147

"I don't mean to bring up the elephant in the room, but what's with the big, hairy Russian?" covered with a lot of hair

Question 148

feed/fiːd/

Answer 148

"Who, Bogdan? He fed me intel. If I left him there, they would have killed him. So we're going to give him his freedom. Did you call the sweepers?" 5. [transitive] to give advice, information, etc. to somebody/something

Question 149

intelligence/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/

Answer 149

"Who, Bogdan? He fed me intel. If I left him there, they would have killed him. So we're going to give him his freedom. Did you call the sweepers?" [uncountable] secret information that is collected, for example about a foreign country, especially one that is an enemy; the people that collect this information

Question 150

procedure/prəˈsiːdʒər/

Answer 150

1. "DNA test." - "It's me." - "It's procedure. I'm just confirming it's you." R141) I went to the doctor, said I’d like to give Adderall a try. There were no diagnostic procedures. Doctors give in too easily. 1. [countable, uncountable] [procedure (for something)] a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way

Question 151

thorough/ˈθɜːroʊ/

Answer 151

"DNA test." - "It's me." - "It's procedure. I'm just confirming it's you." - "You're very thorough." 2. [not usually before noun] (of a person) doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail

Question 152

messy/ˈmesi/

Answer 152

"Messy bringing him along." (= It was messy while you were bringing him along.) - "I thought it went rather well." 3. (of a situation) unpleasant, confused or difficult to deal with

Question 153

break out (of sth)

Answer 153

"You mind telling me what you were doing in a Russian prison?" - "Mind telling me why you broke me out?" to escape from a place or situation

Question 154

let me put it this way

Answer 154

"This wasn't a rescue mission?" - "Uh, let me put it this way. If the Secretary wanted me out of there, it must be pretty bad out here." ('상황이 어떤지 이런 식으로 설명해보지.' 아니면 '이런 식으로 생각하도록 해.' 이런 느낌.) O10. put: [put something + adverb/preposition] to express or state something in a particular way M8. to state or explain something

Question 155

secretary/ˈsekrəteri/

Answer 155

"Uh, let me put it this way. If the Secretary wanted me out of there, it must be pretty bad out here." the head of a government department, chosen by the President

Question 156

after/ˈæftər/prep.

Answer 156

"We were after a file. We lost it." 8. trying to find or catch somebody/something

Question 157

classified/ˈklæsɪfaɪd/

Answer 157

"It was a letter drop. Classfied file. It should have been a simple intercept. We knew which train the courier was on." [usually before noun] (of information) officially secret and available only to particular people [SYN] unclassified

Question 158

courier/ˈkʊriər/

Answer 158

"It was a letter drop. Classfied file. It should have been a simple intercept. We knew which train the courier was on." - "Uh, ETA, two minutes on the courier." - "But there was one thing we didn't know." - "Bobcat, your train's six minutes out." - "Who the courier was." a person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere

Question 159

! for all

Answer 159

For all the National Health Service's hard work to boost organ donation, around 1,000 people die each year for lack of a transplant. T) For all the efforts I've made, I failed to earn her heart. despite

Question 160

boost/buːst/

Answer 160

For all the National Health Service's hard work to boost organ donation, around 1,000 people die each year for lack of a transplant. KE0910) Excellence in arts and music will boost your chance at winning admission to prestigious U.S. universities. R134) In Europe some countries in which generous state provision of services has been the norm, such as Sweden, have recently begun to experiment with tax incentives to boost the charitable sector. 1. boost something to make something increase, or become better or more successful

Question 161

active/ˈæktɪv/

Answer 161

The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. 2. involved in something; making a determined effort and not leaving something to happen by itself

Question 162

fair/fer/adj.

Answer 162

1. The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. R135) True, last week the Fed announced some actions that would supposedly boost the economy. But I think it’s fair to say that everyone at all familiar with the situation regards these actions as pathetically inadequate — the bare minimum the Fed could do to deflect accusations that it is doing nothing at all. R142) Given scanty budgets and staff cuts, Mr McLennan Murray thinks Britain should follow America’s lead in training fit prisoners as carers. Others say prison should be seen as a scarce commodity. The American Civil Liberties Union, a lobby group, wants fairer medical parole to discharge frail prisoners early. Electronic monitoring may work if the risk of reoffending is low. Governments need to hurry: doing time ages inmates at twice the natural rate. 3. R132) It’s true that foreigners now hold large claims on the United States, including a fair amount of government debt. But every dollar’s worth of foreign claims on America is matched by 89 cents’ worth of U.S. claims on foreigners. 1. acceptable and appropriate in a particular situation 3. [only before noun] quite large in number, size or amount

Question 163

reflection/rɪˈflekʃn/

Answer 163

The active waiting list numbers more than 7,600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of need. O3. [countable] a sign that shows the state or nature of something M3. [countable] something that clearly shows something

Question 164

! hypertension/ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃn/

Answer 164

As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically. [uncountable] (medical) blood pressure that is higher than is normal

Question 165

medicine/ˈmedɪsn/

Answer 165

As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically. [uncountable] the study and treatment of diseases and injuries

Question 166

! proliferate/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/

Answer 166

As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically. [intransitive] to increase rapidly in number or amount [SYN] multiply

Question 167

dramatically/drəˈmætɪkli/ | dramatic/drəˈmætɪk/

Answer 167

As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely to increase—unless donation rates rise dramatically. R131) For the most part, these huge gains reflected a dramatic rise in the super-elite’s share of pretax income. But there were also large tax cuts favoring the wealthy. R132) Taxes must be levied to pay the interest, and you don’t have to be a right-wing ideologue to concede that taxes impose some cost on the economy, if nothing else by causing a diversion of resources away from productive activities into tax avoidance and evasion. But these costs are a lot less dramatic than the analogy with an overindebted family might suggest. dramatic: O1. (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great and often surprising M1. sudden and surprising or easy to notice

Question 168

! deceased/dɪˈsiːst/

Answer 168

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). (law or formal) dead

Question 169

do better

Answer 169

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). Even the EU average is higher. (Britain does better when living donors are included, but dead ones are more useful because they can part with a wider range of organs.) Why the difference? R131) “We are the 99 percent” is a great slogan. It correctly defines the issue as being the middle class versus the elite (as opposed to the middle class versus the poor). And it also gets past the common but wrong establishment notion that rising inequality is mainly about the well educated doing better than the less educated; the big winners in this new Gilded Age have been a handful of very wealthy people, not college graduates in general. R143) South Korea would do better spending the billions of dollars that nuclear weapons would cost on conventional capabilities that would actually enhance its security. L. to perform better or reach a higher standard better: adv3. used to suggest that something would be a suitable or appropriate thing to do

Question 170

! part with sth

Answer 170

Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as in Britain, per million people (see chart). Even the EU average is higher. (Britain does better when living donors are included, but dead ones are more useful because they can part with a wider range of organs.) Why the difference? to give something to somebody else, especially something that you would prefer to keep

Question 171

lie (in sth) (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.)

Answer 171

For many the answer lies in Britain's “opt-in” regime of informed consent. R132) Of course, America, with its rabidly antitax conservative movement, may not have a government that is responsible in this sense. But in that case the fault lies not in our debt, but in ourselves. [intransitive] lie (in something) (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.) to exist or be found

Question 172

! opt in (to sth)/ opt out (of sth)

Answer 172

For many the answer lies in Britain's “opt-in” regime of informed consent. A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. Though 90% of Britons say they approve of donation, only 30% have signed up. Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. opt in (to sth): to choose to be part of a system or an agreement opt out (of sth): to choose not to take part in something

Question 173

regime/reɪˈʒiːm/

Answer 173

M2. For many the answer lies in Britain's “opt-in” regime of informed consent. 1. L129) Regime change in the worst country on earth should be planned for, not just hoped for L129) In 1994, at the death of Kim Jong Il's father, Kim Il Sung, The Economist hoped, as it does now, for the regime's swift collapse and the North's reunification with the South. M2. a system of rules that control something 1. a method or system of government, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way

Question 174

informed/ɪnˈfɔːrmd/

Answer 174

For many the answer lies in Britain's “opt-in” regime of informed consent. KE1111) I’m not talking about issuing ‘marriage licenses’ or ‘parent certificates’. I just wish we could be fully informed of what it means to be a parent before we become one. O. having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation [OPP] uninformed

Question 175

! consent/kənˈsent/N,V

Answer 175

For many the answer lies in Britain's “opt-in” regime of informed consent. But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying. ON1. [uncountable] consent (to something) permission to do something, especially given by somebody in authority OV. [intransitive] (rather formal) to agree to something or give your permission for something

Question 176

potential/pəˈtenʃl/adj.

Answer 176

A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. R133) Brokers are competing to come up with the highest potential price target for Apple's shares, and the announcement of a share buy-back should remind investors that companies have a tendency to purchase their own equity at market peaks. O. [only before noun] that can develop into something or be developed in the future [SYN] possible M. [only before noun] possible or likely in the future

Question 177

signal/ˈsɪɡnəl/V, N

Answer 177

V3. A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. N. L136) That boss may take your Facebook friend-diss as a diss on their overall corporate leadership skills, as a vote of no confidence, as a signal that you’re not a member of the team. V3. [transitive] to do something to make your feelings or opinions known LN2. [countable] an event or action that shows what someone feels, what exists, or what is likely to happen M2. [countable] a fact, event, or action that shows what someone intends to do or shows what is likely to happen

Question 178

! intent (to do sth)/ɪnˈtent/

Answer 178

A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. [uncountable] intent (to do something) (formal or law) what you intend to do [SYN] intention

Question 179

register/ˈredʒɪstər/N

Answer 179

A potential donor has to signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. [countable] an official list or record of names, items, etc; a book that contains such a list

Question 180

member/ˈmembər/

Answer 180

2. Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. R10) Then, he allowed audience members to bring their own handcuffs to prove he could escape from any pair of handcuffs. 1. R139) As far as anyone knows, no member of the public received a significant dose of radiation attributable to the Fukushima Daiichi reactor emergency and no physical health effects of radiation should be expected. 2. a person, a country or an organization that has joined a particular group, club or team 1. member (of something) a person, an animal or a plant that belongs to a particular group

Question 181

embrace sth/ɪmˈbreɪs/

Answer 181

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. 9DD2) I'm Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality. (formal) to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc, especially when it is done with enthusiasm

Question 182

presume/prɪˈzuːm/

Answer 182

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. R139) The figures tell a story: 237 Chernobyl workers were taken to hospital with suspected acute radiation sickness; 134 of these cases were confirmed; 28 were fatal; about 20 other workers have since died from illnesses considered to have been caused or aggravated by radiation exposure; two workers died from other causes at the time of the accident and another disappeared—presumed dead. 2. [transitive] to accept that something is true until it is shown not to be true, especially in court

Question 183

! assume/əˈsuːm/

Answer 183

1. Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. ! 2. R135) It seems obvious that European creditor nations need, one way or another, to assume some of the financial risks facing Spanish banks. 1. to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it 2. assume something (formal) to take or begin to have power or responsibility [SYN] take

Question 184

expressly/ɪkˈspresli/

Answer 184

Spain, and most EU members, have instead embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he expressly “opts out”. (formal) clearly; definitely

Question 185

urge/ɜːrdʒ/ | 2

Answer 185

2. This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. 1. T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that. 2. urge something (on/upon somebody) to recommend something strongly 1. to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do something

Question 186

quit/kwɪt/

Answer 186

1. T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that. L55) You hate your job. You ask yourself, “Why don’t you quit?” And you know why. Because there are grocery bills and medical bills and the rent to pay. 1. [intransitive, transitive] (informal) to leave your job, school, etc

Question 187

switch/swɪtʃ/V

Answer 187

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that. L58) He doesn’t switch positions, abandon his principles, or change his personality to fit his mood, the company, the weather, or the state of his digestion. R2) The posters featured a deer named Bambi from popular movie. Before long, however, the poster images were switched to a popular toy animal, a bear. 1. [intransitive, transitive] to change or make something change from one thing to another

Question 188

! devolved/dɪˈvɑːlvd/

Answer 188

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that. (이번에 총선이 있어서 의원들이 바뀐 것. 그래서 예를 들면 16대에서 17대에서 넘어간 의회를 얘기하는 것.) *O. if power or authority is devolved, it has been passed to somebody who has less power

Question 189

! legislature/ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃər/

Answer 189

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that. (formal) a group of people who have the power to make and change laws

Question 190

legislator/ˈledʒɪsleɪtər/, lawmaker/ˈlɔːmeɪkər/

Answer 190

국회의원 부를 때 쓰는 말. legislator가 더 formal한 말. legislator: (formal) a member of a group of people that has the power to make laws lawmaker: a person in government who makes the laws of a country [SYN] legislator

Question 191

intend/ɪnˈtend/ | intended/ɪnˈtendɪd/

Answer 191

This week the British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors, urged switching systems. The devolved Welsh legislature intends to pass a law this year doing just that. L129) Their missile program, at least as they conceived of it early on, was intended to sort of neutralize the ability of the United States to intervene from bases in Japan, in support of the South Korean army. intend: 1. [intransitive, transitive] to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do something intended: 2. planned or designed for somebody/something

Question 192

countryside/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

Answer 192

T) She urged me to quit and join her to the countryside and grow blueberries. And I did just that. [uncountable] land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc

Question 193

convinced/kənˈvɪnst/

Answer 193

Not everyone is convinced this would increase donations. 1. [not before noun] completely sure about something [OPP] inconvinced

Question 194

sceptic/ˈskeptɪk/

Answer 194

Not everyone is convinced this would increase donations. Among the sceptics is John Fabre of King's College, London. M. someone who has doubts about things that other people think are true or right

Question 195

! league/liːɡ/

Answer 195

Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four. (lead the league가 암기단어. 여기서 league는 opt-out system을 가진 나라뿐만이 아니라 그냥 나라들의 그룹을 말하는 듯. 물론 모든 나라는 아니고 뭐 EU연합 얘기하는 느낌? (R122 뉴스 chart에 보면 Spain이 나라 중에 deceased donor가 가장 많음.)) 3. a group of people or nations who have combined for a particular purpose [SYN] alliance

Question 196

! lurk/lɜːrk/V

Answer 196

Spain has an opt-out system and leads the league with around 32 deceased donors per million; so does Greece, and it lurks near the bottom with four. (그리스 순위를 딱 봤을 때. 이 놈 어디 있어?? 쩌~ 바닥에 숨어있네. 이런 느낌 주려고 lurk를 씀. ) R137) The author of the follow-up in Pittsburgh wondered if the secret of intelligence might not be lurking in "the lustre of the eye." 1. [intransitive] (+ adverb/preposition) to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad or illegal [SYN] skulk

Question 197

capacity/kəˈpæsəti/

Answer 197

2. Americans, like Britons, have an opt-in system, but also one of the highest donation rates in the world. Culture and capacity may matter more than legal regimes. R129) The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state's capacity to stamp them out. R141) “I thought — oh my God! — this is the whole problem. You have the ability. You are intelligent. You just don’t have the link between intelligence and the capacity to be productive. The pill is the link. I felt literally unstoppable. 1. A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. 4. R127) Last year the country crushed 555m tonnes of sugarcane, with 150m tonnes of mill capacity left unused. Planting is picking up again, says Mr Jank, and the spare capacity will not remain idle for long. 2. [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the ability to understand or to do something 1. [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the number of things or people that a container or space can hold 4. [singular, uncountable] the quantity that a factory, machine, etc. can produce

Question 198

! superbly/suːˈpɜːrbli/

Answer 198

Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public. superb: excellent; of very good quality

Question 199

! sell/sel/V

Answer 199

Spain succeeds by managing the medical requirements of organ donation superbly and selling it emotionally to the public. T) President Obama is doing all he can to sell his 'universal health care' to the lawmakers. 10DD3) Don’t squander this opportunity, Nick. I know for a fact you can use a good recommendation on Judgment day, okay? I think you’re smelling what I’m selling. Any more questions? 5. [transitive] sell something/yourself (to somebody) to persuade somebody that something is a good idea, service, product, etc; to persuade somebody that you are the right person for a job, position, etc (사람들이 아이디어나 제도 같은 것을 받아들이도록 설득한다는 의미.)

Question 200

universal/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/

Answer 200

T) President Obama is doing all he can to sell his 'universal health care' to the lawmakers. R135) The fundamentals of the world economy aren’t, in themselves, all that scary; it’s the almost universal abdication of responsibility that fills me, and many other economists, with a growing sense of dread. 1. done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group

Question 201

health care

Answer 201

T) President Obama is doing all he can to sell his 'universal health care' to the lawmakers. [uncountable] the service of providing medical care

Question 202

public service announcement

Answer 202

공익 광고

Question 203

task force

Answer 203

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. 2. a group of people who are brought together to deal with a particular problem

Question 204

matter/ˈmætər/N

Answer 204

1. A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. 4. The problem may be cultural, though in theory no major religion bans donation, or it may be a matter of trust. M1. KE1022) The police sent an official written request to the commission and major Internet portals demanding that certain postings on the two matters be censored and/or deleted. 1. [countable] a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with [SYN] affair 4. [singular] a situation that involves something or depends on something [SYN] question M1. [countable] something that you are discussing, considering, or dealing with

Question 205

identification/aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

Answer 205

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. (기증자를 잘 찾아내는 것. ) 2. [uncountable] the process of recognizing that something exists, or is important M2a. the action of recognizing something that you are looking for

Question 206

! referral (to sb/sth)/rɪˈfɜːrəl/ refer sb/sth to sb/sth refer to sb/sth (as sth) refer to sb/sth

Answer 206

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. (donor가 필요한 조치를 받을 수 있도록 병원 등으로 보내주는 것) T) The doctor referred me to Gangbuk Samsung Hospital for further examinations. 9DD2) "I'm Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality." - "You're giving me attitude, Spock?" - "I’m expressing multiple attitudes simultaneously, sir. To which are you referring?" KE0926) GM crops refer to those engineered to be resistant to pests and look better. N. [uncountable, countable] referral (to somebody/something) the act of sending somebody who needs professional help to a person or place that can provide it V. to send somebody/something to somebody/something for help, advice or a decision V. refer to somebody/something (as something): to mention or speak about somebody/something V. refer to sb/sth: to describe or be connected to somebody/something

Question 207

efficient/ɪˈfɪʃnt/ | efficiency/ɪˈfɪʃnsi/

Answer 207

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. L130) If you do not have people operating at their peak efficiency, then you take the risk that a terrorist is going to get away with its dirty deed. efficient: doing something well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money, or energy efficiency: [uncountable] the quality of doing something well with no waste of time or money

Question 208

retrieval/rɪˈtriːvl/, retrieve/rɪˈtriːv/

Answer 208

A task force which examined the matter in Britain in 2008 concluded that the number of deceased organ donors could be increased 50% by 2013 mainly through better donor identification and referral and more efficient organ retrieval, and that these should be tried first. Things have improved. Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. N1. [uncountable] (formal) the process of getting something back, especially from a place where it should not be [SYN] recovery V1. (formal) to bring or get something back, especially from a place where it should not be [SYN] recover (장기를 harvest 한다고 하기도 함.)

Question 209

push for sth/pʊʃ/

Answer 209

But the final push will be harder. (최종 단계의 노력은 더 힘들어질 것 같습니다. 이런 느낌.) 3. push for something a determined effort to achieve something

Question 210

require/rɪˈkwaɪər/

Answer 210

But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying. R138) The American social fabric is now so depleted that even if manufacturing jobs miraculously came back we still would not be producing enough stable, skilled workers to fill them. It’s not enough just to have economic growth policies. The country also needs to rebuild orderly communities.  This requires bourgeois paternalism: Building organizations and structures that induce people to behave responsibly rather than irresponsibly and, yes, sometimes using government to do so. (not usually used in the progressive tenses) (formal) O1. to need something; to depend on somebody/something

Question 211

diabetic/ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk/

Answer 211

But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying. 1. having or connected with diabetes

Question 212

in theory

Answer 212

But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying. The problem may be cultural, though in theory no major religion bans donation, or it may be a matter of trust. The NHS is campaigning hard in these communities. O. used to say that a particular statement is supposed to be true but may in fact be wrong M. used for saying that something is believed to be true, although it may not be true

Question 213

campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/V

Answer 213

But the final push will be harder. A specific difficulty is that brown and black Britons, though more likely than whites to require transplants (often of kidneys because they are diabetic), are far less likely to sign up for organ donation, or to consent to it when a family member is dying. The problem may be cultural, though in theory no major religion bans donation, or it may be a matter of trust. The NHS is campaigning hard in these communities. M1. to try to achieve political or social change by persuading other people or the government to do something

Question 214

meet/miːt/

Answer 214

9. Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. R127) At present America's corn-ethanol producers distil 14 billion US gallons (53 billion litres) a year—enough to provide 10% of America's motoring needs and meet federal rules for renewable-fuel use. But those rules will grow stricter over the next decade, and most of the new demand must be met from other sources. 10DD1) With Stephanos, I set the bar extremely low. I know he’s not going to meet any of my needs. 8. L127) When the car hits the wall, you see him lunge forward to meet the airbag which deflates, burying his face and absorbing the impact. 4. R28) "I'll tell you what, Perry," said Mrs. Rothamn, patting his knee. "Why don't you try it for one more day. I'll meet you after school with a power snack, and we'll see if that helps." 9. [transitive] meet something to do or satisfy what is needed or what somebody asks for [SYN] fulfil 8. [intransitive, transitive] to touch something; to join 4. [transitive] meet somebody/something to go to a place and wait there for a particular person to arrive

Question 215

exceed/ɪkˈsiːd/

Answer 215

Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. R125) The American Academy of Pediatrics tells parents that children’s total entertainment media time should not exceed two hours daily. R132) Britain, in particular, has had debt exceeding 100 percent of G.D.P. for 81 of the last 170 years. 1. (formal) exceed something to be greater than a particular number or amount

Question 216

controversial/ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/

Answer 216

Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement [SYN] non-controversial, uncontroversial

Question 217

measure/ˈmeʒər/N

Answer 217

1. Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. 2. R123) It might help to first define a calorie, and that’s easy: it’s a measure of the energy derived from a food source. 4. R123) A gram of fat has been determined to have nine calories and a gram of protein or carbohydrate four calories; so for any given measure, fat has more than twice as many calories as protein or carbs. 7. R123) Because calories change as they enter the body, the nine grams for fat and four for everything else turn out to be not very accurate measures at all; besides, foods are only rarely one thing or another. 7N1) And doctors tell us one good measure of how the flu is spreading across the country is the trend search on Google. So, look at this. 1. [countable] an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim 2. [countable, uncountable] a unit used for stating the size, quantity or degree of something; a system or a scale of these units 4. [singular] a particular amount of something, especially a fairly large amount [SYN] degree 7. [countable] a way of judging or measuring something

Question 218

debate/dɪˈbeɪt/V, N

Answer 218

V. Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. R136) A key committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics debated spanking for more than 10 years before they decided not to condemn it categorically. N2. R134) In hard times, it is not surprising that exchequers take an interest in such things. In Britain the Treasury estimates the total cost to the state of the various tax breaks to donors and charities will be £3.64 billion ($5.5 billion) this tax year; in America the Treasury estimates that the total cost to the federal government in 2012 of charitable tax breaks will be $39.6 billion, rising to $51.6 billion in 2014. But that is not the only reason reform should be up for debate. V1. [transitive, intransitive] to discuss something, especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solution [SYN] discuss N. [countable, uncountable] debate (on/about/over something) 1. a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a debate two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issue 2. an argument or discussion expressing different opinions

Question 219

newborn/ˈnuːbɔːrn/N

Answer 219

Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. M. a baby who has just been born

Question 220

high-risk

Answer 220

Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. [usually before noun] involving a lot of danger and the risk of injury, death, damage, etc

Question 221

ventilator/ˈventɪleɪtər/

Answer 221

Even if the 50% target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly exceed the number of organs available. So the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. 2. a piece of equipment with a pump that helps somebody to breathe by sending air in and out of their lungs

Question 222

put/put/ 

Answer 222

4. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher-risk donors and putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. T) He was put on life support. 6. R123) Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.” KE0926) Stripping consumers of that right is dangerous and puts their health at risk. 10. L131) Good evening, Diane. And those consumer groups are hoping that one of the very first things Richard Cordray does is tackle this, the credit card application form. We have all seen them. We’ve had our eyes glaze over them, that minuscule print, the incomprehensible language. This new agency could change all that and put it all in plain old English. R131) As the Bank of England’s director for financial stability recently put it, seemingly high returns before the crisis simply reflected increased risk-taking — risk that was mostly borne not by the wheeler-dealers themselves but either by naïve investors or by taxpayers, who ended up holding the bag when it all went wrong. 4. put something + adverb/preposition to attach or fix something to something else 6. put somebody/something + adverb/preposition to bring somebody/something into the state or condition mentioned 10. put something + adverb/preposition to express or state something in a particular way

Question 223

to put it mildly | /ˈmaɪldli/

Answer 223

T) Put mildly, he is a 'moron'. (= If it is put mildly,) T) To put it mildly, he is a 'moron'. used to show that what you are talking about is much more extreme, etc. than your words suggest

Question 224

moron/ˈmɔːrɑːn/

Answer 224

T) Put mildly, he is a 'moron'. (= If it is put mildly,) (informal) an offensive way of referring to somebody that you think is very stupid

Question 225

life support

Answer 225

T) He was put on life support O. [uncountable] the fact of somebody being on a life-support machine M. [uncountable] measures intended to keep someone alive when they are very ill *on life support  (=attached to machines in order to keep you alive)

Question 226

sustain/səˈsteɪn/

Answer 226

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. 2. sustain something to make something continue for some time without becoming less [SYN] maintain M. sustained: continuing at the same level or rate for a long time

Question 227

information/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/

Answer 227

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. M. [uncountable] [only before noun] providing information

Question 228

plus/plʌs/prep.

Answer 228

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. as well as something/somebody; and also [OPP] minus

Question 229

specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/

Answer 229

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. R136) In a hypothetical scenario of an 8-year-old who refuses to go to bed at the usual time, for example, one in five family physicians think the child should be spanked. Interestingly, even 40 percent of academic child abuse specialists think “spanking is appropriate sometimes.” M. someone whose training, education, or experience makes them an expert in a particular subject

Question 230

intensive care

Answer 230

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. cf) intensive care unit: 중환자실 [uncountable] 1. continuous care and attention, often using special equipment, for people in hospital who are very seriously ill or injured 2. (also intensive care unit [countable]) (abbr. ICU) the part of a hospital that provides intensive care

Question 231

do the job

Answer 231

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. (informal) to be effective or successful in doing what you want

Question 232

! make sb's hackles rise/ raise sb's hackles

Answer 232

A sustained public-information campaign, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising fewer hackles. to make somebody angry

Question 233

in case

Answer 233

In case your kid gets lost in, say, amusement parks, teach them to stay where they are – because wandering around will make it even more difficult to find him – or to ask adults nearby to call his parents for him. L128) Many North Korea watchers argue that North Korea’s effort to construct an effective three-stage rocket or missile is meant ultimately to reach targets in the United States. Other experts believe the North Koreans have American targets in mind but closer to Korea in case of war. (많은 전문가들은 궁극적으로 미국 본토를 노린다고 생각한다. 하지만 어떤 전문가들은 미국에 있는 목표를 마음에 두고 있긴 하지만 전쟁에 대비해 한국에 더 가까운 미국 목표를 설정하고 있다고 말한다. 이런 느낌인 것 같음.) L141) I’m on the trail of a virus with frightening potential. I need to emphasize that so far this virus has not mutated into the most deadly form. But health agencies around the globe including the CDC are working 24/7 just in case. O. (just) in case (…): because of the possibility of something happening M1. in order to be prepared for something that may happen

Question 234

lost/lɔːst/

Answer 234

1. In case your kid gets lost in, say, amusement parks, teach them to stay where they are – because wandering around will make it even more difficult to find him – or to ask adults nearby to call his parents for him. M5. R141) Here, in his own words, is the Adderall story of Steven Roderick, 24, a smart, soft-spoken, lost senior studying health science at the University of Massachusetts Boston. (앞으로 어찌할 바를 몰라 방황하고 있다...) 1. unable to find your way; not knowing where you are M5. [not usually before noun] not feeling confident or relaxed because you are in a new situation, for example with a group of people who you do not know

Question 235

report/rɪˈpɔːrt/V

Answer 235

It would be even better if the kids are taught to go to crowded areas and report to the police. 4. [transitive] to tell a person in authority about a crime, an accident, an illness, etc. or about something bad that somebody has done

Question 236

payphone/ˈpeɪfoʊn/

Answer 236

Most kids are not tall enough to reach pay phones, and even if they manage to call their parents, that’s of little use since they don’t know exactly where they are. a telephone, usually in a public place, that is operated using coins or a card

Question 237

! team up (with sth)

Answer 237

First Lady Michelle Obama teamed up with Rachael Ray to unveil the biggest overhaul of school meals in more than 15 years. to join with another person or group in order to do something together

Question 238

unveil/ˌʌnˈveɪl/

Answer 238

First Lady Michelle Obama teamed up with Rachael Ray to unveil the biggest overhaul of school meals in more than 15 years. unveil something to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time [SYN] reveal

Question 239

overhaul/ˈoʊvərhɔːl/N | overhaul/ˌoʊvərˈhɔːl/V

Answer 239

N. First Lady Michelle Obama teamed up with Rachael Ray to unveil the biggest overhaul of school meals in more than 15 years. V. KE1022) Comments on politically sensitive topics like the sinking of Cheonan-ship and the vilified plan to overhaul the nation’s 4 largest rivers are usually subject to the action. ON. an examination of a machine or system, including doing repairs on it or making changes to it M. a complete change to a system that is intended to make it work more effectively (overhaul은 완전 뒤집어  엎는 것. reform은 모양을 바꾸는 것인데 반해 overhaul은 훨씬 더 강력한 개념.) OV1. overhaul something to examine every part of a machine, system, etc. and make any necessary changes or repairs

Question 240

grain/ɡreɪn/, wholegrain/ˈhoʊlɡreɪn/

Answer 240

There will be more whole grains, less salt and a wider selection of fruits and vegetables and all milk must now be low-fat. grain: [uncountable, countable] the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat, rice, etc; a single seed of such a plant wholegrain: made with or containing whole grains, for example of wheat

Question 241

selection/sɪˈlekʃn/

Answer 241

There will be more whole grains, less salt and a wider selection of fruits and vegetables and all milk must now be low-fat. [countable] a collection of things from which something can be chosen [SYN] choice, range

Question 242

go far

Answer 242

But the new rules do not go as far as the administration had hoped. Congress blocked changes that would have limited French fries and pizza. M. to be successful in what you try to do

Question 243

administration/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/

Answer 243

But the new rules do not go as far as the administration had hoped. Congress blocked changes that would have limited French fries and pizza. 4. often Administration [countable] the government of a country, especially the US (행정부)

Question 244

block/blɑːk/V

Answer 244

But the new rules do not go as far as the administration had hoped. Congress blocked changes that would have limited French fries and pizza. 3. block something to prevent something from happening, developing or making progress

Question 245

limit/ˈlɪmɪt/V

Answer 245

1. But the new rules do not go as far as the administration had hoped. Congress blocked changes that would have limited French fries and pizza. R125) Their parents were asked to enforce time budgets (using a device to limit total screen time) and participate in television turnoffs lasting 10 days, among other projects. R135) Central banks, notably the Bank of France and the Federal Reserve, could have done much more to limit the damage. O1. limit something (to something) to stop something from increasing beyond a particular amount or level [SYN] restrict

Question 246

giant/ˈdʒaɪənt/N

Answer 246

3. If you use Google, and so many of us do, the web giant is about to know much more about all of us. 2. R7) From a seed that is smaller than a pea grows the tallest of trees. The coast redwood is the unchallenged giant of North America’s trees. 3. a very large and powerful organization 2. an unusually large person, animal or plant

Question 247

be about to do sth

Answer 247

If you use Google, and so many of us do, the web giant is about to know much more about all of us. to be close to doing something; to be going to do something very soon

Question 248

combine/kəmˈbaɪn/

Answer 248

Google announced it will track the activity of users across all of its sites. That includes its e-mail, or as it's called, gmail. The company will read your emails, track the YouTube videos you watch, keep a record of your searches and combine that data, to target ads to your tastes and your interests. O2. [transitive] to have two or more different features or characteristics; to put two or more different things, features or qualities together M1. [intransitive/transitive] if you combine things, or if they combine, you use, do, or put them together

Question 249

target/ˈtɑːrɡɪt/V

Answer 249

Google announced it will track the activity of users across all of its sites. That includes its e-mail, or as it's called, gmail. The company will read your emails, track the YouTube videos you watch, keep a record of your searches and combine that data, to target ads to your tastes and your interests. 여러분 기호에 맞게 광고를 target할 것이다. (사전 정의 딱 맞는 게 없음.)

Question 250

taste/teɪst/N

Answer 250

Google announced it will track the activity of users across all of its sites. That includes its e-mail, or as it's called, gmail. The company will read your emails, track the YouTube videos you watch, keep a record of your searches and combine that data, to target ads to your tastes and your interests. 6. [countable, uncountable] what a person likes or prefers

Question 251

advocate/ˈædvəkət/N | advocate/ˈædvəkeɪt/V

Answer 251

N. Some privacy advocates say they plan to fight this. V. R131) Given this history, why do Republicans advocate further tax cuts for the very rich even as they warn about deficits and demand drastic cuts in social insurance programs? L136) You know, there’s two sides of this. One is that it’s interesting to see the different overlaps of parts of our lives, intersecting with one another. But for the most part, you know, friending the boss is a sticky dangerous kind of situation. And I don’t advocate for it. N. a person who supports or speaks in favour of somebody or of a public plan or action V. (formal) to support something publicly

Question 252

survey/ˈsɜːrveɪ/N | survey/sərˈveɪ/V

Answer 252

N1. And some numbers today that really caught our eye. A new survey finds that half of all American workers buy coffee every day - I'm one of them - at a cost on average, though, of $1,000 a year. 2. 9DD2) "Uneventful." - "Admiral?" -  "It's the way you describe the survey in Niburu in your captain's log." V3. 9DD2) I wouldn’t have risked my first officer’s life in the first place! You were supposed to survey a planet, not alter its destiny. 5. KE0916) Costa Rica topped the list of countries surveyed by the New Economic Fund (NEF) in its happy planet index (HPI). L130) The inspector general’s report also found that 76% of the air marshals surveyed agreed with that. N1. an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions 2. the act of examining and recording the measurements, features, etc. of an area of land in order to make a map or plan of it V3. survey something to measure and record the features of an area of land, for example in order to make a map or in preparation for building 5. survey somebody/something to investigate the opinions or behaviour of a group of people by asking them a series of questions [SYN] interview

Question 253

find/faɪnd/

Answer 253

4. And some numbers today that really caught our eye. A new survey finds that half of all American workers buy coffee every day - I'm one of them - at a cost on average, though, of $1,000 a year. R60) Other studies have also found gargling helpful against sore throats and congestion. L140) And in a shock to healthy eaters, brown rice is found to have more arsenic than white. 7. L145) Psychotic, depressed, thinking of suicide. James Brown found himself at Rawson-Neal, Nevada’s largest mental hospital. 72 hours later, the doctor said it was time to go. 4. [transitive] to discover that something is true after you have tried it, tested it or experienced it 7. [transitive] to discover somebody/something/yourself doing something or in a particular situation, especially when this is unexpected

Question 254

! takeaway/ˈteɪkəweɪ/

Answer 254

And some numbers today that really caught our eye. A new survey finds that half of all American workers buy coffee every day - I'm one of them - at a cost on average, though, of $1,000 a year. Two-thirds of workers buy lunch at an average cost of $2,000 a year. And so the takeaway, they say little indulgences add up. M3. [countable] an important piece of information to remember from a meeting, presentation etc

Question 255

! indulgence/ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

Answer 255

And some numbers today that really caught our eye. A new survey finds that half of all American workers buy coffee every day - I'm one of them - at a cost on average, though, of $1,000 a year. Two-thirds of workers buy lunch at an average cost of $2,000 a year. And so the takeaway, they say little indulgences add up. O2. [countable] something that you allow yourself to have even though it is not essential M2. [countable] something special that someone does for pleasure, not because they need to

Question 256

grand/ɡrænd/

Answer 256

Pack a lunch, they say. Carry one of those bags and you can save a couple grand a year. And that's a lot of money, especially in these times. plural grand (informal) $1000; £1000

Question 257

! rev up

Answer 257

And there is new science tonight that reveals that inside our own bodies is a secret weapon that if revved up, can help us burn the fat. L. if you rev up a system or organization, or if it revs up, it becomes more active M. [intransitive/transitive] informal to become or make something become faster, more lively, or more exciting

Question 258

! catch/kætʃ/N

Answer 258

And there is new science tonight that reveals that inside our own bodies is a secret weapon that if revved up, can help us burn the fat. But there is one catch, you've got to like it cold. O6. HIMYMS1E2) R: You're a catch. You're going to make some girl very happy. And I am going to help you find her. M4. [countable] [usually singular] a hidden problem or difficulty in something that seems extremely good O6. [singular] (old-fashioned) a person that other people see as a good person to marry, employ, etc

Question 259

! game-changer

Answer 259

It's a potential game-changer in the battle of the bulge, burn calories simply by cooling off. a person, an idea or an event that completely changes the way a situation develops

Question 260

! bulge/bʌldʒ/

Answer 260

It's a potential game-changer in the battle of the bulge, burn calories simply by cooling off. 2. (informal) fat on the body that sticks out in a round shape

Question 261

advantage/ədˈvæntɪdʒ/

Answer 261

Over a long period of time, that would be a significant advantage in our fight against obesity. [countable, uncountable] 1. a thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other people

Question 262

subject/ˈsʌbdʒekt/N

Answer 262

4. In a new study, male subjects wearing suits designed for jet fighter pilots were exposed to 39-degree temperatures for several hours. 3. R128) Putting the lens behind an advert is a good way to get subjects who are facing it. 4. a person or thing being used to study something, especially in an experiment 3. a person or thing that is the main feature of a picture or photograph, or that a work of art is based on

Question 263

fighter/ˈfaɪtər/

Answer 263

In a new study, male subjects wearing suits designed for jet fighter pilots were exposed to 39-degree temperatures for several hours. 1. (also fighter plane) a fast military plane designed to attack other aircraft

Question 264

expose/ɪkˈspoʊz/

Answer 264

3. In a new study, male subjects wearing suits designed for jet fighter pilots were exposed to 39-degree temperatures for several hours. R143) The F.D.A.’s proposal is open for comment for 60 days. Independent analysts need to look hard at whether the F.D.A. should lower the bar for these drugs — or should demand a very high level of proof of safety and effectiveness before exposing still-healthy people to possible harm. 1. L127) It needs to get exposed. It needs to get confronted. 2. R10) Houdini would expose these false magicians by visiting their shows, then writing magazine or newspaper articles to reveal how they fooled their audiences. 3. expose somebody/something/yourself (to something) to put somebody/something in a place or situation where they are not protected from something harmful or unpleasant 1. to show something that is usually hidden [SYN] reveal 2. expose somebody/something (as something) to tell the true facts about a person or a situation, and show them/it to be immoral, illegal, etc

Question 265

metabolism/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/

Answer 265

Their metabolism jumped by 80%. [uncountable, singular] (biology) the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth

Question 266

! lounge around/about | /laʊndʒ/

Answer 266

Their metabolism jumped by 80%. And while lounging around for 3 hours, their bodies burned an extra 250 calories, the equivalent of 30 minutes on the treadmill. to spend time relaxing or doing nothing when you should be doing something (별로 딱히 할일 없이 그냥 빈둥빈둥 돌아다니는 것.)

Question 267

equivalent/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/N, adj.

Answer 267

N. Their metabolism jumped by 80%. And while lounging around for 3 hours, their bodies burned an extra 250 calories, the equivalent of 30 minutes on the treadmill. adj. R131) According to that report, between 1979 and 2005 the inflation-adjusted, after-tax income of Americans in the middle of the income distribution rose 21 percent. The equivalent number for the richest 0.1 percent rose 400 percent. N. a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to something else adj. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc

Question 268

treadmill/ˈtredmɪl/

Answer 268

Their metabolism jumped by 80%. And while lounging around for 3 hours, their bodies burned an extra 250 calories, the equivalent of 30 minutes on the treadmill. 3. [countable] an exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place

Question 269

! furnace/ˈfɜːrnɪs/

Answer 269

The secret weapon? The cold. It appears to activate certain fat called brown fat, which acts like a furnace, heating up the body, causing it to burn calories. 1. a space surrounded on all sides by walls and a roof for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures

Question 270

ice-cold

Answer 270

Scientists believe just standing here in this ice-cold water could activate this tissue. as cold as ice; very cold

Question 271

maintain/meɪnˈteɪn/

Answer 271

As my body tries to maintain its normal 98.6 degrees, I'm actually burning about as many calories as I would during a brisk walk. L138) Under the proposed new plan, the government will maintain a massive database and carriers will permanently disable any phone you report as stolen. 1. maintain something to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc. [SYN] preserve

Question 272

brisk/brɪsk/

Answer 272

As my body tries to maintain its normal 98.6 degrees, I'm actually burning about as many calories as I would during a brisk walk. quick; busy

Question 273

! thermal/ˈθɜːrml/

Answer 273

You still have to exercise. You can also use the thermal environment. It's sort of a multiplying effect. [only before noun] (technical) connected with heat

Question 274

온도조절장치, | 온도계

Answer 274

thermostat/ˈθɜːrməstæt/: a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, by switching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessary thermometer/θərˈmɑːmɪtər/: an instrument used for measuring the temperature of the air, a person's body, etc

Question 275

! multiply/ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/

Answer 275

2. You still have to exercise. You can also use the thermal environment. It's sort of a multiplying effect. ! R128) Yet China is far from alone. In many democracies surveillance cameras are multiplying, too. 2. [intransitive, transitive] to increase or make something increase very much in number or amount

Question 276

caution/ˈkɔːʃn/V

Answer 276

More research needs to be done, and experts caution against going to extremes. 1. [intransitive, transitive] to warn somebody about the possible dangers or problems of something

Question 277

! go to extremes

Answer 277

More research needs to be done, and experts caution against going to extremes. O. [go, etc. to extremes|take something to extremes]: to act or be forced to act in a way that is far from normal or reasonable M. [go to extremes or take/carry something to extremes]: to do something much more than is usual or reasonable

Question 278

gain/ɡeɪn/V

Answer 278

1. I figured gaining an advanced education in calories might allow me to better understand diet and weight gain. R133) So what does Apple's dominance reveal about the economy and the stockmarket? First, it is a powerful reminder, at a time when the Chinese model of state capitalism is gaining adherents, that the free market can still be remarkably innovative. 3. 7N2) That may not sound like a lot but if someone were to consume 100 calories extra per day for a year, they could gain up to ten pounds. 1. [transitive] to obtain or win something, especially something that you need or want 3. [transitive] gain something to gradually get more of something

Question 279

advanced/ədˈvænst/

Answer 279

1. I figured gaining an advanced education in calories might allow me to better understand diet and weight gain. 3. R143) Efforts to find effective treatments for more advanced stages of Alzheimer’s have been largely discouraging, so researchers and drug companies have increasingly focused on finding and treating patients before there is too much irreversible injury to the brain. 1. having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc 3. at a late stage of development

Question 280

faddist | fad/fæd/

Answer 280

These two are not faddists, but clear thinkers: actual scientists. L144) Once slender and athletic, Christie has struggled with his weight for 30 years, telling Daine he’s tried everything from fad diets to personal trainers. fad: something that people are interested in for only a short period of time [SYN] craze

Question 281

clear/klɪr/adj.

Answer 281

4. These two are not faddists, but clear thinkers: actual scientists. 2. L126) There’s a coalition of online advertising companies that has promised to begin listening for that signal, including some of the largest players in online advertising, Google and Yahoo, but it’s not quite clear yet what’s going to mean for them to listen to that signal. R131) One recent analysis found that 43 percent of the super-elite are executives at nonfinancial companies, 18 percent are in finance and another 12 percent are lawyers or in real estate. And these are not, to put it mildly, professions in which there is a clear relationship between someone’s income and his economic contribution. 4. thinking in a sensible and logical way, especially in a difficult situation 2. obvious and leaving no doubt at all

Question 282

thinker/ˈθɪŋkər/

Answer 282

These two are not faddists, but clear thinkers: actual scientists. 2. a person who thinks in a particular way

Question 283

actual/ˈæktʃuəl/

Answer 283

These two are not faddists, but clear thinkers: actual scientists. M3. [only before noun] used for emphasizing the word that follows

Question 284

expend/ɪkˈspend/

Answer 284

This was obvious from the moment I asked Ms. Nestle a key question: “Is a calorie a calorie?” This sounds simple, and if the answer is “yes,” all you do is take in fewer calories than you expend and you’ll lose weight. It need go no further than that. M. [transitive] (formal) to use time, energy, money etc doing something

Question 285

need/niːd/modal.

Answer 285

This was obvious from the moment I asked Ms. Nestle a key question: “Is a calorie a calorie?” This sounds simple, and if the answer is “yes,” all you do is take in fewer calories than you expend and you’ll lose weight. It need go no further than that. used to state that something is/was not necessary or that only very little is/was necessary; used to ask if something is/was necessary

Question 286

derive from something | be derived from something

Answer 286

It might help to first define a calorie, and that’s easy: it’s a measure of the energy derived from a food source. to come or develop from something

Question 287

determine/dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

Answer 287

1. A gram of fat has been determined to have nine calories and a gram of protein or carbohydrate four calories; so for any given measure, fat has more than twice as many calories as protein or carbs. 3. R131) Executive pay, which has skyrocketed over the past generation, is famously set by boards of directors appointed by the very people whose pay they determine; poorly performing C.E.O.’s still get lavish paychecks, and even failed and fired executives often receive millions as they go out the door. (formal) 1. [transitive] to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly [SYN] establish 3. [transitive] to officially decide and/or arrange something

Question 288

measurement/ˈmeʒərmənt/

Answer 288

A food isn’t a food — they’re all different — but since a calorie is just a measurement of energy, how can it vary? 2. [countable, usually plural] the size, length or amount of something

Question 289

! confound/kənˈfaʊnd/ | confounding

Answer 289

When I asked my question, Nestle’s answer was confounding: “Yes and no,” she said, adding, “It’s Talmudic.” 1. confound somebody to confuse and surprise somebody [SYN] baffle

Question 290

rarely/ˈrerli/

Answer 290

Because calories change as they enter the body, the nine grams for fat and four for everything else turn out to be not very accurate measures at all; besides, foods are only rarely one thing or another. not very often

Question 291

measure/ˈmeʒər/V

Answer 291

1. Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.” When people are essentially incarcerated, when all intake is weighed and measured, they will lose weight if the calories in their diets are reduced — regardless of the composition of the diet. R128) As for businesses, Quividi, a French marketer, can measure the age and gender of passers-by who linger at an advert; advertisers vary their offerings based on who is looking. 3. R125) To measure the effects of chronic gaming, she studied her son and 20 other children as they played Tekken 3 on a Sony PlayStation in her lab. R143) Thus manufacturers with persuasive evidence may be allowed instead to rely on very subtle changes in a patient’s performance on cognitive tests and on biological markers (not yet identified) that measure the course of disease. 1. to find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard units 3. measure something| measure how, what, etc… to judge the importance, value or effect of something [SYN] assess

Question 292

intake/ˈɪnteɪk/

Answer 292

Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.” 1. [uncountable, countable] the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body

Question 293

composition/ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn/

Answer 293

Here’s what is true, she said: “The studies that have measured calorie intake, that have put people on calorie-reduced diets and measured what happened, show no difference in weight loss based on composition of the diet.” 1. [uncountable] the different parts which something is made of; the way in which the different parts are organized

Question 294

essentially/ɪˈsenʃəli/

Answer 294

When people are essentially incarcerated, when all intake is weighed and measured, they will lose weight if the calories in their diets are reduced — regardless of the composition of the diet. L126) Essentially, the do-not-track option sends a signal, telling websites and online advertisers that you don’t want to be tracked. L127) Essentially they’re saying that you and your husband are bitter, defrocked apostates. That’s their term. (L127에서 설명: 그 얘기를 파고 들어가보면 본질, 핵심은 이 얘기다, 라는 뜻.) O. when you think about the true, important or basic nature of somebody/something [SYN] basically, fundamentally M2. used for saying that something is mostly true, but not completely true

Question 295

! incarcerate/ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

Answer 295

When people are essentially incarcerated, when all intake is weighed and measured, they will lose weight if the calories in their diets are reduced — regardless of the composition of the diet. [usually passive] incarcerate somebody (in something) (formal) to put somebody in prison or in another place from which they cannot escape [SYN] imprison

Question 296

experimental/ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/

Answer 296

2. “That’s why we hear a calorie is a calorie,” she said. “But no one lives under experimental conditions, and foods are complicated mixtures: fiber makes a difference and form makes a difference.” R125) The drastic reduction in television-watching made for only a very modest difference: Weight gains in the experimental group were reduced by an average of only one pound. 1. R127) A few experimental options, such as biodiesel made from algae, look close to commercial viability, says Andy Steinhubl of Bain & Company, a consultancy. 2. connected with scientific experiments 1. based on new ideas, forms or methods that are used to find out what effect they have

Question 297

complicated/ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪtɪd/

Answer 297

“That’s why we hear a calorie is a calorie,” she said. “But no one lives under experimental conditions, and foods are complicated mixtures: fiber makes a difference and form makes a difference.” R138) I don’t care how many factory jobs have been lost, it still doesn’t make sense to drop out of high school. The influences that lead so many to do so are much deeper and more complicated than anything that can be grasped in an economic model or populist slogan. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand [SYN] complex

Question 298

argument/ˈɑːrɡjumənt/

Answer 298

The “calorie is a calorie” argument is widely used by the processed food industry to explain that weight loss isn’t really about what you eat but about how many calories you eat. R6) Most of us, however, would rather see a mouse than a snake. The poison argument is a strong one. 2. [countable] a reason or set of reasons that somebody uses to show that something is true or correct

Question 299

essential/ɪˈsenʃl/

Answer 299

But if it were just about calories, you could eat only sugar and be fine. In fact, you’d die: sugar lacks essential nutrients. R139) Chernobyl was the worst that could happen. Safety and protection systems failed and there was a full core meltdown in a reactor that had no containment. In the "defense in depth" of nuclear power plants outside the former USSR, containment is an essential engineered safety feature. 1. completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity [SYN] vital

Question 300

! get past | past

Answer 300

And once you get past my perhaps lame “Is a calorie a calorie” question, you can begin to see something approaching the truth. 조금 허접해보이는 질문을 무시하고 지나간다면(그 질문에 얽매이지 않고 일단 무시하고 생각해보면) 점점 더 진리에 가까이 다가갈 수 있을 것입니다. ! R131) “We are the 99 percent” is a great slogan. It correctly defines the issue as being the middle class versus the elite (as opposed to the middle class versus the poor). And it also gets past the common but wrong establishment notion that rising inequality is mainly about the well educated doing better than the less educated; the big winners in this new Gilded Age have been a handful of very wealthy people, not college graduates in general. L93) So some of the things I would recommend for June is to say take in a boarder. Now, I know that sounds crazy and people are like, ‘aren’t we past that?’ But listen, you can bring someone into your home. They can help with some of the expenses. (우리 그런 단계는 지난 거 아니냐? 라고 사람들이 말한다. 8년된 커플이 기념일 안 챙기고 넘어갔을 때 닥달하면 Aren't we past that? 이렇게 말할 수 있음.) 3. above or further than a particular point or stage M5. used for saying that someone or something has passed a particular stage or point

Question 301

lame/leɪm/

Answer 301

And once you get past my perhaps lame “Is a calorie a calorie” question, you can begin to see something approaching the truth. 2. (of an excuse, explanation, etc.) weak and difficult to believe [SYN] feeble, unconvincing M2. [usually before noun] a lame excuse, explanation, etc. is difficult to believe because it seems so unlikely

Question 302

for one thing to begin with for starters first off

Answer 302

That’s an obvious case. But although a calorie may be a calorie when people talk about weight loss and nothing else, there are other factors involved. And once you get past my perhaps lame “Is a calorie a calorie” question, you can begin to see something approaching the truth. For one thing, says Nestle: “There are dozens of factors involved in weight regulation. It’s hard to lose weight, because the body is set up to defend fat, so you don’t starve to death; the body doesn’t work as well to tell people to stop eating as when to tell them when to start.” used to introduce one of two or more reasons for doing something 쌤이 추가해주신 것들. 다 비슷한 말임. to begin with: O2. used to introduce the first point you want to make for starters: (informal) used to emphasize the first of a list of reasons, opinions, etc, or to say what happens first first off: O. (informal, especially British English) before anything else M. (spoken) used for introducing the first of a series of things that you are going to say

Question 303

ultimately/ˈʌltɪmətli/

Answer 303

M2. Ultimately, the calorie is political: marketing affects instinct, and Nestle and Nesheim really shine in their analysis in this realm. R144) As for the rest, here’s a guy selling something that is a leading contributor to the major health breakdowns in America, a product that may ultimately hasten an early death. M2. used for emphasizing the main point that you are talking about

Question 304

instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

Answer 304

Ultimately, the calorie is political: marketing affects instinct, and Nestle and Nesheim really shine in their analysis in this realm. [uncountable, countable] instinct (for something/for doing something)| instinct (to do something) a natural tendency for people and animals to behave in a particular way using the knowledge and abilities that they were born with rather than thought or training

Question 305

realm/relm/

Answer 305

Ultimately, the calorie is political: marketing affects instinct, and Nestle and Nesheim really shine in their analysis in this realm. an area of activity, interest, or knowledge

Question 306

given given that /ˈɡɪvn/

Answer 306

When I asked Nestle what she would do, given that people in the United States were obviously eating too many calories and that the resulting excess weight was costing all of us life years and money, she answered quickly. R131) In particular, taxes on capital gains are much lower than they were in 1979 — and the richest one-thousandth of Americans account for half of all income from capital gains. Given this history, why do Republicans advocate further tax cuts for the very rich even as they warn about deficits and demand drastic cuts in social insurance programs? KE1018) Given the country’s democratic credentials and economic standing, the score looks simply shameful among the G20 member countries. given: O. when you consider something L. taking something into account

Question 307

excess/ˈekses/adj.

Answer 307

When I asked Nestle what she would do, given that people in the United States were obviously eating too many calories and that the resulting excess weight was costing all of us life years and money, she answered quickly. [only before noun] in addition to an amount that is necessary, usual or legal

Question 308

cost/kɔːst/V, N

Answer 308

V2. When I asked Nestle what she would do, given that people in the United States were obviously eating too many calories and that the resulting excess weight was costing all of us life years and money, she answered quickly. V1. T) It cost me $50 to clean it up. N3. Taxes must be levied to pay the interest, and you don’t have to be a right-wing ideologue to concede that taxes impose some cost on the economy, if nothing else by causing a diversion of resources away from productive activities into tax avoidance and evasion. But these costs are a lot less dramatic than the analogy with an overindebted family might suggest. V2. to cause the loss of something V1. if something costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do it N3. [uncountable, singular] the effort, loss or damage that is involved in order to do or achieve something M2. [countable/uncountable] damage or loss that is caused to something good or worth having

Question 309

bill/bɪl/

Answer 309

4. "We need a farm bill that’s designed from top to bottom to support healthier diets, one that supports growing fruits and vegetables and making them cheaper." 1. R134) The basic question posed by Gladstone remains: why should taxpayer B face a bigger tax bill because taxpayer A chooses to give to charity? L139) Today the Southern Company which is building the two new reactors southeast of Atlanta joined some federal officials saying the new plant will bring jobs, will lower utility bills and will operate safely. 4. a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a country's parliament so that its members can discuss it (법안) 1. a piece of paper that shows how much you owe somebody for goods or services 여기에 해당되는 맥밀란 정의 추가 M1. a written statement showing how much money you owe someone for goods or services you have received M1a. the amount of money you have to pay for something

Question 310

assistance/əˈsɪstəns/

Answer 310

"We need to fix school lunches so they’re based on fresh foods, and fix food assistance programs so people have greater access to healthier foods." [uncountable] (formal) help or support

Question 311

access (to sth)/ˈækses/

Answer 311

"We need to fix school lunches so they’re based on fresh foods, and fix food assistance programs so people have greater access to healthier foods." R124) For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford. [uncountable] access (to something) the opportunity or right to use something or to see somebody/something

Question 312

get into sth

Answer 312

Her list goes on: fix the food-safety system; make it possible for people to get into farming; fix front-of-packaging labeling. 2. to start a career in a particular profession 3. to become involved in something; to start something

Question 313

go away

Answer 313

And a couple of big ones: “Stop marketing food to kids. Period. Just make it go away.” R130) Times are hard for the Kim dynasty. The famine that struck in the 1990s has never fully gone away. O. to disappear M. to stop existing or being noticeable L. if a problem, unpleasant feeling etc goes away, it disappears

Question 314

! claim/kleɪm/N, V

Answer 314

N1. And a couple of big ones: “Stop marketing food to kids. Period. Just make it go away.” And get rid of health claims on food packages too. R126) The Social Science Research Council, an American non-profit body, found in a study this year “little evidence—and indeed few claims—that enforcement efforts to date have had any impact whatsoever on the overall supply [of pirated media].” L129) In the past, North Korea has warned the West that it would carry out a test, if it were chastised by the UN Security Council, or new sanctions imposed. Dan Sneider views claims like that as a smoke screen. ! N2. R132) It’s true that foreigners now hold large claims on the United States, including a fair amount of government debt. But every dollar’s worth of foreign claims on America is matched by 89 cents’ worth of U.S. claims on foreigners. V. L127) Cook claims she was in the hole for 7 weeks, during which time she was repeatedly made to confess her sins. N1. [countable] claim (that…) a statement that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may not agree with or believe it N2. [countable, uncountable] claim (on/to something) a right that somebody believes they have to something, especially property, land, etc V. [transitive] to say that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it

Question 315

! revert to sth

Answer 315

! And a couple of big ones: “Stop marketing food to kids. Period. Just make it go away.” And get rid of health claims on food packages too. “Unless,” she says, reverting to her pure science role, “they’re backed up by universally accepted science. Which would get rid of all of them.” ! R138) Murray neglects this research in his book. Meanwhile, his left-wing critics in the blogosphere have reverted to crude 1970s economic determinism: It’s all the fault of lost jobs. People who talk about behavior are blaming the victim. (formal) 1. to return to a former state; to start doing something again that you used to do in the past

Question 316

pure/pjʊr/

Answer 316

“Unless,” she says, reverting to her pure science role, “they’re backed up by universally accepted science. Which would get rid of all of them.” L126) Privacy advocates are not impressed. "I think it’s just pure deception at this point." [only before noun] complete and total

Question 317

back sb/sth-up

Answer 317

“Unless,” she says, reverting to her pure science role, “they’re backed up by universally accepted science. Which would get rid of all of them.” 1.to support somebody/something; to say that what somebody says, etc. is true

Question 318

universally/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəli/

Answer 318

“Unless,” she says, reverting to her pure science role, “they’re backed up by universally accepted science. Which would get rid of all of them.” by everyone

Question 319

point/pɔɪnt/N

Answer 319

A lot of parents who send their children overseas for study say they’d rather spend a whole lot of money that would otherwise go to private tutoring schools here on foreign schools. They have a point, after all. (They have a point, after all. 하긴 그 말이 일리가 있긴 해요.) 2. [countable] [usually the point] the main or most important idea in something that is said or done

Question 320

! know better (than that/than to do sth)

Answer 320

They have a point, after all. Their kids will learn the language faster there. Still, they should know better: it costs a lot more to have your kids go to school overseas. to be sensible enough not to do something

Question 321

private cram school

Answer 321

A high school student would have to sign up for a private cram school and get a private tutoring, which could easily run to millions of won a month. 입시 학원

Question 322

! run to sth

Answer 322

! A high school student would have to sign up for a private cram school and get a private tutoring, which could easily run to millions of won a month. L) The cost of repairing the damage could run to $1 million. ! R144) But they are not necessarily good for you. The Center for Science in the Public Interest placed Five Guys’ bacon cheeseburger on its 2010 list of the most unhealthy meals in America. With fries and soda, that single meal runs to about 2,500 calories. M2. to reach a particular amount, especially a large amount

Question 323

! detractor/dɪˈtræktər/

Answer 323

Last week, we told you about a food product that detractors call pink slime. [usually plural] (especially formal) a person who tries to make somebody/something seem less good or valuable by criticizing it

Question 324

! slime/slaɪm/ (pink slime)

Answer 324

Last week, we told you about a food product that detractors call pink slime. [uncountable] any unpleasant thick liquid substance

Question 325

leftover/ˈleftoʊvər/adj.

Answer 325

It's a meat product made from leftover meat trimmings treated with ammonia and then added to hamburger. M. [only before noun] remaining after you have finished using the amount that you want or need

Question 326

trimmings/ˈtrɪmɪŋs/

Answer 326

It's a meat product made from leftover meat trimmings treated with ammonia and then added to hamburger. [plural] the small pieces of something that are left when you have cut something

Question 327

``` treat sth (with sth) /triːt/ ```

Answer 327

It's a meat product made from leftover meat trimmings treated with ammonia and then added to hamburger. Booren says the process of treating the beef trimmings with an ammonia-based gas to kill bacteria is safe. to use a chemical substance or process to clean, protect, preserve, etc. something

Question 328

administrator/ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtər/

Answer 328

Well, today, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that it will give school food administrators a choice, they can order ground beef free of pink slime. a person whose job is to manage and organize the public or business affairs of a company or an institution

Question 329

ground/ɡraʊnd/adj.

Answer 329

Well, today, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that it will give school food administrators a choice, they can order ground beef free of pink slime. [only before noun] (of food) cut, chopped or crushed into very small pieces or powder

Question 330

free from/of sth

Answer 330

Well, today, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that it will give school food administrators a choice, they can order ground beef free of pink slime. not containing or affected by something harmful or unpleasant

Question 331

release/rɪˈliːs/V, N

Answer 331

V7. When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. R135) And last week the Fed released its latest set of economic projections, showing that it expects to fail on both parts of its mandate, with inflation below target and unemployment far above target for years to come. M3. R139) Radioactive fission products were released and hydrogen was generated by chemical reaction. The reactor containments were partially effective, although they were damaged by hydrogen explosions and possibly by molten fuel. N. R139) On top of that, it has been estimated that about 4000 people will die (or may already have died) from radiation-induced cancer, including workers exposed directly to radiation, and members of the public exposed to the huge release of radioactive material from the reactor. V7. release something to make something available to the public M3. (science) to let a substance or energy spread into the area or atmosphere around it, especially as part of a chemical reaction MN2. [uncountable] a situation in which something such as a chemical is spread into the area or atmosphere around it

Question 332

statement/ˈsteɪtmənt/

Answer 332

When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. [countable] statement (on/about something) a formal or official account of facts or opinions [SYN] declaration

Question 333

lean/liːn/adj.

Answer 333

When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. 2. (of meat) containing little or no fat

Question 334

so-called

Answer 334

When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. 2. [usually before noun] used to introduce the word that people usually use to describe something

Question 335

in part

Answer 335

When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. partly; to some extent

Question 336

recognition/ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/

Answer 336

2. When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. R130) North Korea craves the American recognition such aid represents. 2. [singular, uncountable] recognition (that…) the act of accepting that something exists, is true or is official

Question 337

voice/vɔɪs/

Answer 337

When the USDA released the statement this afternoon announcing that it will give schools the choice to order beef that does not contain lean beef trimmings, or so-called pink slime, it was in part a recognition that the voice of moms cannot be ignored; particularly ones like Bettina Siegel who blog and tweet. 4. [countable] a particular attitude, opinion or feeling that is expressed; a feeling or an opinion that you become aware of inside yourself

Question 338

! fume/fjuːm/

Answer 338

Siegel is the creator of a blog called The Lunch Tray. And a little over a week ago, she wrote a post fuming about so-called pink slime. [intransitive, transitive] to be very angry about something

Question 339

agent/ˈeɪdʒənt/

Answer 339

She pointed out that it's treated with ammonia, something she uses as a cleaning agent to kill off pathogens. And that just sounds scary and gross. 5. (technical) a chemical or a substance that produces an effect or a change or is used for a particular purpose

Question 340

kill sb/sth-off

Answer 340

She pointed out that it's treated with ammonia, something she uses as a cleaning agent to kill off pathogens. And that just sounds scary and gross. O. to make a lot of plants, animals, etc. die M. to destroy living things so that most or all of them are dead

Question 341

! pathogen/ˈpæθədʒən/ | pathology/pəˈθɑːlədʒi/

Answer 341

She pointed out that it's treated with ammonia, something she uses as a cleaning agent to kill off pathogens. And that just sounds scary and gross. M.  pathogen: [countable] (biology) something such as bacteria or a virus that causes disease O. pathology: [uncountable] (medical) the scientific study of diseases

Question 342

gross/ɡroʊs/

Answer 342

She pointed out that it's treated with ammonia, something she uses as a cleaning agent to kill off pathogens. And that just sounds scary and gross. 3. (informal) very unpleasant [SYN] disgusting

Question 343

! touch a nerve

Answer 343

She pointed out that it's treated with ammonia, something she uses as a cleaning agent to kill off pathogens. And that just sounds scary and gross. Well, clearly she touched a nerve. O. to mention a subject that makes somebody feel angry, upset, embarrassed, etc M. to upset someone, or to make them angry

Question 344

petition (against/for sth)/pəˈtɪʃn/

Answer 344

Well, clearly she touched a nerve. And when she went one step further, starting a petition to get beef trimmings out of school food, she quickly got about 225,000 signatures. petition (against/for something) a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something

Question 345

quickly/ˈkwɪkli/

Answer 345

Well, clearly she touched a nerve. And when she went one step further, starting a petition to get beef trimmings out of school food, she quickly got about 225,000 signatures. 2. soon; after a short time

Question 346

! outcry (at/over/against sth) | /ˈaʊtkraɪ/

Answer 346

All of the outcry has left the meat industry asking where's the evidence that lean, finely-textured beef trimmings are harmful. [countable, uncountable] (plural outcries) outcry (at/over/against something) a reaction of anger or strong protest shown by people in public

Question 347

finely/ˈfaɪnli/

Answer 347

All of the outcry has left the meat industry asking where's the evidence that lean, finely-textured beef trimmings are harmful. into very small grains or pieces

Question 348

textured/ˈtekstʃərd/

Answer 348

All of the outcry has left the meat industry asking where's the evidence that lean, finely-textured beef trimmings are harmful. L. [smooth-textured/coarse-textured/fine-textured etc]: having a texture that is smooth etc: 

Question 349

harmful/ˈhɑːrmfl/

Answer 349

All of the outcry has left the meat industry asking where's the evidence that lean, finely-textured beef trimmings are harmful. (rather formal) causing damage or injury to somebody/something, especially to a person's health or to the environment

Question 350

issue/ˈɪʃuː/N

Answer 350

That's the issue Betsy Booren, of the American Meat Institute Foundation, says she wants to address. 2. [countable] a problem or worry that somebody has with something

Question 351

address/əˈdres/V

Answer 351

5. That's the issue Betsy Booren, of the American Meat Institute Foundation, says she wants to address. L130) The official who oversees the air marshals, John Pistole, told ABC news today that security was absolutely not compromised by the bad behavior of some of the agency’s air marshals. And that he had already addressed most of the issues. O5. (formal) to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it M4. to try to deal with a problem or question, for example by thinking carefully about it, or by doing things to improve a situation

Question 352

 -based/beɪst/

Answer 352

Booren says the process of treating the beef trimmings with an ammonia-based gas to kill bacteria is safe.  -based (in compounds) containing something as an important part or feature

Question 353

well established | established/ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

Answer 353

It's actually a well-established processing intervention that has a long history of success; that's been approved by USDA. R134) But this change, and established tax incentives elsewhere, may be under threat, according to Luc Tayart de Borms, who runs the King Baudouin Foundation in Belgium. well established: having a respected position, because of being successful, etc. over a long period established: O1. [only before noun] respected or given official status because it has existed or been used for a long time M1. having existed for a long time, and therefore recognized as good or successful

Question 354

sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/

Answer 354

What we're doing here is we're being very efficient. We're being very sustainable because we're not letting anything go to waste. O1. involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment M2. using methods that do not harm the environment

Question 355

! go to waste

Answer 355

And Booren says by using trimmings the industry has found a way to use the whole cow. - "What we're doing here is we're being very efficient. We're being very sustainable because we're not letting anything go to waste." O) I hate to see good food go to waste(= be thrown away). 1. [uncountable, singular] waste (of something) the act of using something in a careless or unnecessary way, causing it to be lost or destroyed

Question 356

affirm/əˈfɜːrm/

Answer 356

The USDA says it continues to affirm the safety of lean beef trimmings or pink slime. But in making its announcement today, it will give schools a choice. (formal) to state firmly or publicly that something is true or that you support something strongly [SYN] confirm

Question 357

counterfeit/ˈkaʊntərfɪt/adj.

Answer 357

IN 2007-8, when counterfeit versions of heparin, a blood-thinning drug, were shipped from China to the United States market, 149 people died. (formal) (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like something in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing [SYN] fake [OPP] genuine

Question 358

ship/ʃɪp/V

Answer 358

IN 2007-8, when counterfeit versions of heparin, a blood-thinning drug, were shipped from China to the United States market, 149 people died. R130) Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea's starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement. 1. [transitive] ship somebody/something + adverb/preposition to send or transport somebody/something by ship or by another means of transport

Question 359

market/ˈmɑːrkɪt/N

Answer 359

IN 2007-8, when counterfeit versions of heparin, a blood-thinning drug, were shipped from China to the United States market, 149 people died. 3. [countable] a particular area, country or section of the population that might buy goods

Question 360

! bogus/ˈboʊɡəs/

Answer 360

In the last few months, bogus versions of the cancer drug Avastin, apparently shipped from the Middle East, have surfaced in clinics in California, Illinois and Texas. pretending to be real or genuine [SYN] false

Question 361

surface/ˈsɜːrfɪs/V

Answer 361

In the last few months, bogus versions of the cancer drug Avastin, apparently shipped from the Middle East, have surfaced in clinics in California, Illinois and Texas. L142) In a written statement, the maker of the only FDA-approved robotic device said it has an excellent safety record, total adverse event rates have remained low. But questions are surfacing and now the FDA is looking for answers. Ron Claiborne, ABC news, New York. 2. [intransitive] to suddenly appear or become obvious after having been hidden for a while [SYN] emerge

Question 362

thankfully/ˈθæŋkfəli/

Answer 362

Thankfully, so far as we know, they haven’t killed anyone, but more and more cases of dangerous fake drugs are being reported by the Food and Drug Administration. used to show that you are pleased that something good has happened or that something bad has been avoided [SYN] fortunately

Question 363

surely/ˈʃʊrli/

Answer 363

Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes. R129) On the one hand, the lack of reform is leading North Korea down a dead end. On the other, a more open country would surely spell the end of the Kim dynasty. 3. without doubt; certainly

Question 364

unreported/ˌʌnrɪˈpɔːrtɪd/

Answer 364

Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes. not reported to the police or somebody in authority or to the public

Question 365

incorrectly/ˌɪnkəˈrektli/

Answer 365

Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes. incorrect: not accurate or true

Question 366

attribute/əˈtrɪbjuːt/

Answer 366

Numerous incidents surely go unreported, the evidence swallowed, the deaths incorrectly attributed to natural causes. T) His death was attributed to an overdose. R139) About 4000 cases of thyroid cancer, which typically kills about 5 percent of people who get it, have been attributed to inhalation and ingestion of radioactive iodine by children. 1. attribute something to something to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing M1. attribute something to someone/something to believe that something is the result of a particular situation, event, or person's actions

Question 367

! menace/ˈmenəs/N

Answer 367

Fighting the fake-drug menace is like playing whack-a-mole. T) Ultra-conservative Christians are a social menace, threatening to undermine social unity. 1. [countable, usually singular] menace (to somebody/something) a person or thing that causes, or may cause, serious damage, harm or danger [SYN] threat

Question 368

unity/ˈjuːnəti/

Answer 368

T) Ultra-conservative Christians are a social menace, threatening to undermine social unity. R143) In recent years, the international community has demonstrated rare unity in imposing sanctions on Iran and North Korea to curb their nuclear ambitions. 1. [uncountable, singular] the state of being in agreement and working together; the state of being joined together to form one unit [OPP] disunity

Question 369

! whack-a-mole

Answer 369

Fighting the fake-drug menace is like playing whack-a-mole. 두더지 잡기 게임

Question 370

technically/ˈteknɪkli/

Answer 370

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. 1. according to the exact meaning, facts etc

Question 371

yet/jet/conj.

Answer 371

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up. And some were very likely peddling dangerous counterfeit drugs. And yet, the answer is not to outlaw this business entirely. despite what has just been said [SYN] nevertheless

Question 372

no sooner… than…

Answer 372

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up. T) No sooner did I begin playing League of Legend than my hagwon started going bankrupt. used to say that something happens immediately after something else

Question 373

bankrupt/ˈbæŋkrʌpt/adj.

Answer 373

T) No sooner did I begin playing League of Legend than my hagwon started going bankrupt. 1. without enough money to pay what you owe [SYN] insolvent

Question 374

shut sth-down

Answer 374

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up. R139) At Fukushima Daiichi, the reactors shut down safely when struck by the magnitude-9 Tohoku earthquake, the fourth largest ever recorded. R142) Britain’s only elderly prison wing, complete with stairlift, is at Kingston, near Portsmouth (it is one of seven prisons to be shut down by April 2013). to stop a factory, shop/store, etc. from opening for business; to stop a machine from working

Question 375

! dubious/ˈduːbiəs/

Answer 375

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up. 2. (disapproving) probably not honest [SYN] suspicious

Question 376

! pop up

Answer 376

It is technically illegal for individuals to order drugs online from other countries. And yet no sooner does the F.D.A. shut down one dubious online pharmacy than another pops up. L138) Have you seen the self-checkout lanes popping up at supermarkets and other stores? O5. pop: [intransitive] + adverb/preposition to suddenly appear, especially when not expected M. to appear very quickly or suddenly

Question 377

review/rɪˈvjuː/V, N

Answer 377

V. According to the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, only 3 percent of the 9,600 online pharmacies it has reviewed complied with industry standards. L131) "What do they see right now? What is it like?" - "Well, in the mortgage area, what they see right now is a lot of gobbly-goo and reams of paper of things that they have to review." N. R137) Here the data were less clear, but several reviews of the literature have concluded that there is indeed a small, positive relationship between beauty and brains. MV1a. to examine all the information that is relevant to a situation or subject MN1a. the process of examining all the information that is relevant to a situation or subject

Question 378

! comply (with sth) | /kəmˈplaɪ/

Answer 378

According to the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, only 3 percent of the 9,600 online pharmacies it has reviewed complied with industry standards. [intransitive] comply (with something) to obey a rule, an order, etc

Question 379

standard/ˈstændərd/N, adj.

Answer 379

N. M1. According to the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, only 3 percent of the 9,600 online pharmacies it has reviewed complied with industry standards. L126) The W3C may not be a household name, but for years it’s been setting standards for how websites work. R132) In particular, the debt didn’t prevent the postwar generation from experiencing the biggest rise in incomes and living standards in our nation’s history. R133) The first two are very big companies by Apple standards. Exxon Mobil has annual revenues of $486 billion and GE employs 301,000 people; Apple had annual revenues of $108 billion in its last fiscal year and its workforce numbered just 60,000. adj. R127) Most of Brazil's cars run on a mix of the two fuels. The standard blend contains 18-25% ethanol. M1. [countable/uncountable] a level of quality or achievement, especially one that people generally consider normal or acceptable M1a. [countable] [usually plural] a level of quality or achievement used for judging someone or something adj. average or normal rather than having special or unusual features

Question 380

based/beɪst/

Answer 380

Many were based overseas, so their sales to Americans were illegal; others did not require doctors’ prescriptions. T) Mr.Rodman, based in Paris, often goes to North Korea to meet his 'awesome friend'. [not before noun] 2. (also in compounds) if a person or business is based in a particular place, that is where they live or work, or where the work of the business is done

Question 381

peddle/ˈpedl/

Answer 381

Many were based overseas, so their sales to Americans were illegal; others did not require doctors’ prescriptions. And some were very likely peddling dangerous counterfeit drugs. M1a. to sell something illegal or harmful, especially drugs L1. to sell goods to people, especially goods that people disapprove of because they are illegal, harmful, or of not very high quality

Question 382

outlaw/ˈaʊtlɔː/

Answer 382

And yet, the answer is not to outlaw this business entirely. 1. outlaw something to make something illegal [SYN] ban

Question 383

roughly/ˈrʌfli/

Answer 383

Foreign versions of drugs can cost roughly half what they do in the United States. 1. approximately but not exactly

Question 384

uninsured/ˌʌnɪnˈʃʊrd/ underinsured/ˌʌndərɪnˈʃʊrd/ insured/ɪnˈʃʊrd/

Answer 384

For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford. Buying drugs online from overseas isn’t for everyone. It should remain a limited option for desperate cash buyers — sick people with limited resources and insurance coverage — not a way for well-insured patients to reduce their co-pay. uninsured: not having insurance; not covered by insurance underinsured: not having enough insurance protection insured: having insurance

Question 385

underemployed/ˌʌndərɪmˈplɔɪd/ | unemployed/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/

Answer 385

underemployed: not having enough work to do; not having work that makes full use of your skills and abilities unemployed: without a job although able to work [SYN] jobless

Question 386

! credential/krəˈdenʃl/

Answer 386

For the millions of Americans who are uninsured or underinsured, buying from international, credentialed online pharmacies could provide access to the medicines they need at a price they can afford. O. credential somebody to provide somebody with credentials credentials: [plural] 1. credentials (as/for something) the qualities, training or experience that make you suitable to do something 2. documents such as letters that prove that you are who you claim to be, and can therefore be trusted L. credentialed: someone who is credentialed is legally allowed to do a particular job, because they have done the right type of training: 

Question 387

substantial/səbˈstænʃl/ | ! substantially/səbˈstænʃəli/

Answer 387

The online market for drugs is already substantial, with probably more than a million Americans regularly participating.  ! R131) But, you say, the rich pay taxes! Indeed, they do. And they could — and should, from the point of view of the 99.9 percent — be paying substantially more in taxes, not offered even more tax breaks, despite the alleged budget crisis, because of the wonderful things they supposedly do. substantial: 1. large in amount, value or importance [SYN] considerable substantially: 1. very much; a lot [SYN] considerably

Question 388

legality/liːˈɡæləti/

Answer 388

The online market for drugs is already substantial, with probably more than a million Americans regularly participating. But it is growing slowly because of concern about drug safety and, of course, legality. 1. [uncountable] the fact of being legal

Question 389

prosecute/ˈprɑːsɪkjuːt/ | prosecution/ˌprɑːsɪˈkjuːʃn/

Answer 389

While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals. R126) In 1998 America adopted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which criminalised many of the methods used to copy digital content, but also established “safe harbours”, explicitly protecting intermediaries such as search engines and social networks from prosecution for their users' actions. prosecute: M1. [intransitive/transitive] to officially accuse someone of a crime and ask a court of law to judge them prosecution: [uncountable, countable] the process of trying to prove in court that somebody is guilty of a crime (= of prosecuting them); the process of being officially charged with a crime in court

Question 390

present/prɪˈzent/V

Answer 390

4. While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals. R129) This presents China with a conundrum. 3. L57) Second is the self you proudly present to the world: courageous, confident, mature, selfless. This is the self each of us wants the world to see. O4. to cause something to happen or be experienced M2. to cause something such as a problem, threat, or opportunity 3. to show or describe something/somebody in a particular way

Question 391

grant/ɡrænt/V

Answer 391

While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals. 1. [often passive] to agree to give somebody what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do something M1. [transitive] (formal) to allow someone to have or do what they want L1. (formal) [transitive] formal to give someone something or allow them to have something that they have asked for

Question 392

! waiver/ˈweɪvər/

Answer 392

While the F.D.A. does not prosecute individual consumers whose purchases present no threat to themselves or the public and grants some waivers to those buying less than three months’ supply of a drug from abroad, most are still technically considered criminals. (물리적인 의미로는 권리포기 각서. 근데 여기서 FDA가 waiver를 준다는 거는 이 사람들을 기소하는 권리를 포기한다고 해준다는 것. 즉, 기소 안하겠다고 해준다는 것.) O. (law) a situation in which somebody gives up a legal right or claim; an official document stating this M. [countable] an official statement or document that says a right, claim, or law can be officially ignored or given up

Question 393

current/ˈkɜːrənt/adj.

Answer 393

The logic behind the current law is that it protects Americans from buying dangerous drugs. 1. [only before noun] happening now; of the present time

Question 394

bureau/ˈbjʊroʊ/

Answer 394

In a recent National Bureau of Economic Research paper, I assessed the quality and price of drugs procured through Internet pharmacies. 4. (in the US) a government department or part of a government department

Question 395

assess/əˈses/ | assessment/əˈsesmənt/

Answer 395

In a recent National Bureau of Economic Research paper, I assessed the quality and price of drugs procured through Internet pharmacies. R128) In 2010, in an assessment by America's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the best program matched 92% of mugshots to one out of 1.6m pictures. assess: M1. [transitive] to carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment O1. to make a judgement about the nature or quality of somebody/something assessment: O1. [countable] an opinion or a judgement about somebody/something that has been thought about very carefully [SYN] evaluation

Question 396

! procure/prəˈkjʊr/

Answer 396

In a recent National Bureau of Economic Research paper, I assessed the quality and price of drugs procured through Internet pharmacies. ! R130) Like some seedy racketeer, the delinquents in Pyongyang had extorted a generous payment in exchange for talks about giving up their pursuit of nuclear weapons. But they had reneged on their promise, procured a bomb and were now expecting yet more rewards for returning to the table. 1. [transitive] (formal) to obtain something, especially with difficulty

Question 397

procurement/prəˈkjʊrmənt/

Answer 397

procurement office: 조달청 [uncountable] (formal) the process of obtaining supplies of something, especially for a government or an organization

Question 398

certify/ˈsɜːrtɪfaɪ/

Answer 398

As expected, I found several foreign sites that sold fake drugs. But of the international Web pharmacies certified by the Canadian International Pharmacy Association or PharmacyChecker.com — 23 in all, with 211 drugs sampled — all passed quality-control tests. 2. [usually passive] certify somebody (as something) to give somebody an official document proving that they are qualified to work in a particular profession

Question 399

in all

Answer 399

As expected, I found several foreign sites that sold fake drugs. But of the international Web pharmacies certified by the Canadian International Pharmacy Association or PharmacyChecker.com — 23 in all, with 211 drugs sampled — all passed quality-control tests. T) In all, there were 40 general hospitals in Korea in 1997. as a total [SYN] altogether

Question 400

location/loʊˈkeɪʃn/

Answer 400

After all, they were the same drugs made by the same companies, just in different locations. R144) Consider the business. Five Guys is a great success story. Started in the Washington, D.C., metro area by the family of Jerry Murrell in 1986, it has since expanded to more than 1,000 locations. 1. [countable] a place where something happens or exists; the position of something

Question 401

play Russian roulette/ruːˈlet /

Answer 401

Careless buyers play Russian roulette, but those who look for credentialed sites can purchase safe drugs at a significant discount. [uncountable] 비유적 표현. 자칫 잘못하면 큰일날 위험을 감수하고 있는 것이라는 의미.

Question 402

desperate/ˈdespərət/

Answer 402

1. Buying drugs online from overseas isn’t for everyone. It should remain a limited option for desperate cash buyers — sick people with limited resources and insurance coverage — not a way for well-insured patients to reduce their co-pay. 3. R130) Indeed, after taking power unexpectedly at the end of last year after the death of Kim Jong Il, it is a test that he must be desperate to pass. 1. feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others 3. [not usually before noun] needing or wanting something very much

Question 403

resource/rɪˈsɔːrs/ | resources

Answer 403

1. Buying drugs online from overseas isn’t for everyone. It should remain a limited option for desperate cash buyers — sick people with limited resources and insurance coverage — not a way for well-insured patients to reduce their co-pay. 3. R132) Taxes must be levied to pay the interest, and you don’t have to be a right-wing ideologue to concede that taxes impose some cost on the economy, if nothing else by causing a diversion of resources away from productive activities into tax avoidance and evasion. But these costs are a lot less dramatic than the analogy with an overindebted family might suggest. O1. [countable, usually plural] a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth L2. [plural] all the money, property, skills etc that you have available to use when you need them O3. resources [plural] personal qualities such as courage and imagination that help you deal with difficult situations M3. resources [plural] the qualities and skills that someone has and can use for dealing with problems

Question 404

! co-pay | co-insurance

Answer 404

Buying drugs online from overseas isn’t for everyone. It should remain a limited option for desperate cash buyers — sick people with limited resources and insurance coverage — not a way for well-insured patients to reduce their co-pay. 보험에서 본인 부담금을 co-pay, 보험회사에서 내는 공동부담금을 co-insurance라고 보통 함.

Question 405

! reimburse/ˌriːɪmˈbɜːrs/

Answer 405

American health insurance companies should not be required to reimburse consumers for these drugs, because that would effectively import foreign governments’ price controls into the United States and undermine American companies’ research and development budgets. (formal) to pay back money to somebody which they have spent or lost

Question 406

undermine/ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/

Answer 406

American health insurance companies should not be required to reimburse consumers for these drugs, because that would effectively import foreign governments’ price controls into the United States and undermine American companies’ research and development budgets. KE1018) The Reporters Without Borders counted South Korea among the second worst countries when it comes to freedom of expression on line calling us an ‘Internet Censor’, a notch above the worst label, the ‘Enemy of the Internet’. That is, the government’s grip on the supposedly free space is tight enough to undermine the people’s freedom of expression.  R138) As early as the 1970s, three large theories had emerged to explain the weakening of the social fabric. Liberals congregated around an economically determinist theory. The loss of good working-class jobs undermined communities and led to the social deterioration. R138) Neo-conservatives had a more culturally deterministic theory. Many of them had been poor during the Depression. Economic stress had not undermined the family then. 1. undermine something to make something, especially somebody's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective M1. to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful

Question 407

lobby/ˈlɑːbi/V, N

Answer 407

V. Nonetheless, American pharmacists will most likely lose some business, and they will lobby hard against such a change. N3. R127) But the corn lobby's influence is waning. R142) The American Civil Liberties Union, a lobby group, wants fairer medical parole to discharge frail prisoners early. V. [transitive, intransitive] lobby (somebody) (for/against something) to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law N3. [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who try to influence politicians on a particular issue M1. an organized group of people who represent a particular area of business or society and try to influence politicians

Question 408

business/ˈbɪznəs/

Answer 408

Nonetheless, American pharmacists will most likely lose some business, and they will lobby hard against such a change. T) Ever since the great hagwon started teaching students in the building, Wall Street Institute has lost a lot of business. M1c. used for talking about how many customers or contracts a company or industry has O3. [uncountable] the amount of work done by a company, etc; the rate or quality of this work

Question 409

! slip/slɪp/

Answer 409

3. And no doubt some bad drugs will slip through, which will probably stop the F.D.A. from backing the idea. (법망을 피해 미국으로 들어오게 될 거라는 뜻으로 쓰임) 4. L138) Have you seen the self-checkout lanes popping up at supermarkets and other stores? And have you ever wondered if people can just, say, slip their bananas past the scanner? O3. [intransitive] + adverb/preposition to go somewhere quickly and quietly, especially without being noticed [SYN] creep M2. [intransitive] to go somewhere, especially quickly and quietly without people noticing you or stopping you O4. [transitive] to put something somewhere quickly, quietly or secretly

Question 410

back/bæk/V

Answer 410

And no doubt some bad drugs will slip through, which will probably stop the F.D.A. from backing the idea. [transitive] back somebody/something to give help or support to somebody/something

Question 411

leak/liːk/V

Answer 411

But as the problems with heparin and Avastin show, fake drugs leak into the United States already. 여기선 비유적인 느낌. 이미 들어오고 있다는 의미. 사전엔 없음. 

Question 412

perpetrate/ˈpɜːrpətreɪt / perpetrator/ˈpɜːrpətreɪtər/

Answer 412

The Internet is not the problem; the problem is that United States law cannot reach many of the criminals who perpetrate the frauds because most never set foot in America. A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. perpetrate: (formal) to commit a crime or do something wrong or evil perpetrator: a person who commits a crime or does something that is wrong or evil

Question 413

fraud/frɔːd/

Answer 413

The Internet is not the problem; the problem is that United States law cannot reach many of the criminals who perpetrate the frauds because most never set foot in America. A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. 1. [uncountable, countable] the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illegally

Question 414

! set foot in/on sth

Answer 414

The Internet is not the problem; the problem is that United States law cannot reach many of the criminals who perpetrate the frauds because most never set foot in America. to enter or visit a place

Question 415

flourish/ˈflɜːrɪʃ/V

Answer 415

We can do something about that. These criminal networks flourish across Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. 1. [intransitive] to develop quickly and be successful or common [SYN] thrive

Question 416

! transit/ˈtrænzɪt/

Answer 416

We can do something about that. These criminal networks flourish across Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. Turkey and the Caribbean act as major transit points, and countries like Panama launder the billions in profit. 2. [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the act of going through a place on the way to somewhere else

Question 417

launder/ˈlɔːndər/

Answer 417

We can do something about that. These criminal networks flourish across Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. Turkey and the Caribbean act as major transit points, and countries like Panama launder the billions in profit. 2. launder something to move money that has been obtained illegally into foreign bank accounts or legal businesses so that it is difficult for people to know where the money came from

Question 418

treaty/ˈtriːti/

Answer 418

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. a formal agreement between two or more countries

Question 419

financing/faɪˈnænsɪŋ/

Answer 419

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. (financing이라는 돈이라는 의미의 명사도 있는데, 여기서는 자금 확보라는 느낌) [uncountable] financing (for something) money used to run a business, an activity, or a project

Question 420

enforce/ɪnˈfɔːrs/ | enforcement/ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/

Answer 420

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. R126) This would rope intermediaries into law enforcement to an unprecedented degree, and give rights-holders exceptional power. enforce: 1. enforce something (on/against somebody/something) to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule enforcement: M. [uncountable] the process of making sure that something happens, especially that people obey a law or rule

Question 421

eliminate/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/

Answer 421

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. We have treaties against fake currency and the narcotics trade, but as the medical journal The Lancet recently noted, we do not have one for fake drugs. to remove or get rid of something/somebody

Question 422

! safe haven/ˈheɪvn/

Answer 422

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. a place where somebody can go to be safe from danger or attack

Question 423

ensure/ɪnˈʃʊr/

Answer 423

A global treaty against fake drugs (and the financing to enforce it) could work to eliminate these safe havens and ensure that the perpetrators of fraud have nowhere to hide. to make sure that something happens or is definite

Question 424

currency/ˈkɜːrənsi/

Answer 424

We have treaties against fake currency and the narcotics trade, but as the medical journal The Lancet recently noted, we do not have one for fake drugs. M1a. [countable/uncountable] money that is used in a particular country

Question 425

! narcotic/nɑːrˈkɑːtɪk/

Answer 425

We have treaties against fake currency and the narcotics trade, but as the medical journal The Lancet recently noted, we do not have one for fake drugs. 1. (formal) a powerful illegal drug that affects the mind in a harmful way. Heroin and cocaine are narcotics

Question 426

analgesic/ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/ | anesthetic/ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

Answer 426

analgesic: (medical) a substance that reduces pain [SYN] painkiller 진통제 anesthetic: [uncountable, countable] a drug that makes a person or an animal unable to feel anything, especially pain, either in the whole body or in a part of the body 마취제

Question 427

! stamp sth-out

Answer 427

Developing such a treaty — the World Health Organization is the obvious place to start — will take time, but it is the only way to begin to stamp out the international fake drug trade. R129) The famine of the late 1990s engendered unprecedented cynicism towards the regime, as well as survival mechanisms that have proved more durable than the state's capacity to stamp them out. O. to get rid of something that is bad, unpleasant or dangerous, especially by using force or a lot of effort [SYN] eliminiate M. to end something bad or unpleasant by taking strong and determined action L. to prevent something bad from continuing: (사회악을 몰아내야한다고 할 때 자주 씀)

Question 428

in the meantime

Answer 428

In the meantime, poor Americans should know how to buy their medicines online safely and should be allowed to do so. in the period of time between two times or two events [SYN] meanwhile

Question 429

go without (sth) 

Answer 429

In an attempt to protect poor, uninsured and underinsured Americans from unsafe drugs, we are making sure that some go without drugs completely. to manage without something that you usually have or need

Question 430

! forthcoming/ˌfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ/

Answer 430

Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.” 1. [only before noun] going to happen, be published, etc. very soon

Question 431

falsify/ˈfɔːlsɪfaɪ/

Answer 431

Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.” falsify something (formal) to change a written record or information so that it is no longer true

Question 432

substandard/ˌsʌbˈstændərd/

Answer 432

Roger Bate, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, is the author of the forthcoming book “Phake: The Deadly World of Falsified and Substandard Medicines.” not as good as normal; not acceptable [SYN] inferior

Question 433

college admission prep courses

Answer 433

I’ve recently been to Los Angeles where quite a few cram schools there had college admission prep courses designed even for middle school students. 대입반

Question 434

center/ˈsentər/

Answer 434

I’ve recently been to Los Angeles where quite a few cram schools there had college admission prep courses designed even for middle school students. These centers were all dealing with SAT. 4. [countable] a building or place used for a particular purpose or activity

Question 435

tuition/tuˈɪʃn/

Answer 435

I’ve recently been to Los Angeles where quite a few cram schools there had college admission prep courses designed even for middle school students. These centers were all dealing with SAT. The tuition ranges from 500,000 ~ 700,000 won. (also tuition fees [plural]) the money that you pay to be taught, especially in a college or university

Question 436

range/reɪndʒ/V

Answer 436

1. The tuition ranges from 500,000 ~ 700,000 won. 2. R139) Everybody who gets cancer in Japan over the next 40 years will no doubt blame their misfortune on radiation from Fukushima Daiichi. This will probably be the case for many other diseases too, ranging from heart failure to nose bleeds—as happened after the catastrophic explosion in 1986 at Chernobyl, a Soviet nuclear power station in Ukraine. This would be entirely understandable but will have no basis in science. 1. [intransitive] to vary between two particular amounts, sizes, etc, including others between them 2. [intransitive] to include a variety of different things in addition to those mentioned

Question 437

prestigious/preˈstɪdʒəs/

Answer 437

Excellence in arts and music will boost your chance at winning admission to prestigious U.S. universities. [usually before noun] respected and admired as very important or of very high quality

Question 438

strained/streɪnd/

Answer 438

The once-a-week course typically adds another 300,000 won to your already strained ‘education budget’. (그렇지 않아도 쪼들리고 있는 education budget에 30만원을 추가로 더하게 되는 것이다. ) 2. (of a situation) not relaxed or friendly [SYN] tense

Question 439

! flashpoint/ˈflæʃpɔɪnt/

Answer 439

Good evening, on this Friday night, that battle over birth control, reaching a flashpoint today. O. [countable, uncountable] a situation or place in which violence or anger starts and cannot be controlled M1a. [countable/uncountable] a situation in which serious problems are likely to develop

Question 440

shift/ʃɪft/

Answer 440

4. The President shifting course, as the White House tries to calm the backlash from the Catholic Church and from some Americans who say he went too far. R136) Instead, modern practices of child discipline are conveyed through books, television shows, and other forms of popular culture that have shifted parenting norms. 3. R126) Nor do they know how much piracy has cut legal sales of music and films, and how much blame should go to shifting consumer tastes. R135) For example, three years ago Christina Romer, then the head of President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, warned politicians not to re-enact 1937 — the year F.D.R. shifted, far too soon, from fiscal stimulus to austerity, plunging the recovering economy back into recession. Unfortunately, this advice was ignored. R142) Without specialist help, prison guards or fellow inmates step in. Will Styles, governor of Norwich prison, says officer roles are shifting from control to care. 4. [transitive] to change your opinion of or attitude towards something, or change the way that you do something 3. [intransitive] (of a situation, an opinion, a policy etc.) to change from one state, position, etc. to another O4, O3 합친 게 M1. [intransitive/transitive] if an idea, attitude, or plan shifts, or if someone shifts it, it changes

Question 441

blame/bleɪm/N, V

Answer 441

N. T) Much of the blame for the massive spam industry goes to lax enforcement of regulations. V. R139) Everybody who gets cancer in Japan over the next 40 years will no doubt blame their misfortune on radiation from Fukushima Daiichi. R33) Now what about those waves? If you’ve been to the shore, you’ve seen them. They can nibble at your toes in the sand, or they can be loud and crashing and dangerous. You can blame the wind. ON. [uncountable] blame (for something) responsibility for doing something badly or wrongly; saying that somebody is responsible for something OV. to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad

Question 442

massive/ˈmæsɪv/

Answer 442

T) Much of the blame for the massive spam industry goes to lax enforcement of regulations. L138) Under the proposed new plan, the government will maintain a massive database and carriers will permanently disable any phone you report as stolen. M2. very large in amount or degree L2. unusually large, powerful, or damaging O2. extremely large or serious

Question 443

course/kɔːrs/N

Answer 443

4. The President shifting course, as the White House tries to calm the backlash from the Catholic Church and from some Americans who say he went too far. 6. R143) Thus manufacturers with persuasive evidence may be allowed instead to rely on very subtle changes in a patient’s performance on cognitive tests and on biological markers (not yet identified) that measure the course of disease. 4. [countable, usually singular] the general direction in which somebody's ideas or actions are moving 6. [singular] course of something the way something develops or should develop M4. the way that things develop over a period of time

Question 444

calm/kɑːm/V

Answer 444

The President shifting course, as the White House tries to calm the backlash from the Catholic Church and from some Americans who say he went too far. R143) Many experts say that the North’s new leader, Kim Jong-un, is looking to enhance his political position, not start a war. But there is a huge and growing risk of miscalculation. There is also every reason to believe that adding the threat of nuclear weapons from the South would inflame the situation, not calm it. calm somebody/something to make somebody/something become quiet and more relaxed, especially after strong emotion or excitement

Question 445

! backlash/ˈbæklæʃ/

Answer 445

The President shifting course, as the White House tries to calm the backlash from the Catholic Church and from some Americans who say he went too far. [singular] backlash (against something)| backlash (from somebody) a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to something that has recently changed in society

Question 446

go too far | go this/that far

Answer 446

The President shifting course, as the White House tries to calm the backlash from the Catholic Church and from some Americans who say he went too far. to behave in an extreme way that is not acceptable

Question 447

birth control | contraception/ˌkɑːntrəˈsepʃn/

Answer 447

The President has said, employers including religious organizations, should provide women who work for them with insurance that covers birth control. Religious groups are still forced to buy insurance. And the insurance companies that they pay are forced to give contraception to their employees. So, they're still forced to violate their religious beliefs. birth control: [uncountable] the practice of controlling the number of children a person has, using various methods of contraception contraception: [uncountable] the practice of preventing a woman from becoming pregnant; the methods of doing this [SYN] birth control

Question 448

contraceptive/ˌkɑːntrəˈseptɪv/

Answer 448

O) oral contraceptives (경구용 피임약) a drug, device or practice used to prevent a woman becoming pregnant

Question 449

morning-after pill

Answer 449

사후 피임약 a drug that a woman can take some hours after having sex in order to avoid becoming pregnant

Question 450

terminate/ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt/

Answer 450

O) to terminate a pregnancy (= to perform or have an abortion ) (formal) 1. [intransitive, transitive] to end; to make something end

Question 451

pro-life | pro-choice

Answer 451

pro-life groups, pro-choice groups pro-life: [usually before noun] opposed to abortion pro-choice: believing that a pregnant woman should be able to choose to have an abortion if she wants

Question 452

poll/poʊl/V, N

Answer 452

As we look at the numbers here, 84% of Americans polled, including Catholics, support birth control. R143) In response, some influential South Koreans have urged that the South develop its own nuclear arsenal, and recent polls show that two-thirds of the population concurs. V. [transitive, usually passive] poll somebody to ask a large number of members of the public what they think about something [SYN] survey N1. (also opinion poll) [countable] the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion [SYN] survey

Question 453

debate (on/about/over sth)/dɪˈbeɪt/

Answer 453

But when asked if employers including the church should be forced to provide it, 49% saying yes, 46% saying no, a huge debate. [countable, uncountable] debate (on/about/over something) an argument or discussion expressing different opinions

Question 454

storm (of sth)/stɔːrm/ | ! firestorm/ˈfaɪərstɔːrm/

Answer 454

And Jake Tapper was at the White House today as the President tried to calm this storm. Jake? The White House seemed taken aback by the firestorm ignited by its new rule. T) A firestorm of criticism immediately ensued. ! R138) Over the past two weeks, Charles Murray’s book, “Coming Apart,” has restarted the social disruption debate. But, judging by the firestorm, you would have no idea that the sociological and psychological research of the past 25 years even existed. storm (of something) a situation in which a lot of people suddenly express very strong feelings about something L. firestorm: [countable] a lot of protests, complaints, or arguments that happen suddenly and all at once [= storm]

Question 455

ensue/ɪnˈsuː/

Answer 455

A firestorm of criticism immediately ensued. [intransitive] (formal) to happen after or as a result of another event [SYN] follow

Question 456

originally/əˈrɪdʒənəli/

Answer 456

David, President Obama said that his administration really originally wanted to take about the next year and a half to hammer out some sort of accommodation for these religious groups. used to describe the situation that existed at the beginning of a particular period or activity, especially before something was changed

Question 457

! hammer out sth 

Answer 457

David, President Obama said that his administration really originally wanted to take about the next year and a half to hammer out some sort of accommodation for these religious groups. O1. to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made M. to reach a decision or agreement after discussing it or arguing about it for a long time

Question 458

! accommodation/əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn/

Answer 458

David, President Obama said that his administration really originally wanted to take about the next year and a half to hammer out some sort of accommodation for these religious groups. O3. [countable, uncountable] (formal) an agreement or arrangement between people or groups with different opinions which is acceptable to everyone; the process of reaching this agreement M2. [singular/uncountable] formal a change in behaviour or attitude that helps people work together or end a disagreement

Question 459

crude/kruːd/

Answer 459

T) Calling her a 'kind girl' is a crude euphemism criticizing her rather 'unattractive' looks. R138) Murray neglects this research in his book. Meanwhile, his left-wing critics in the blogosphere have reverted to crude 1970s economic determinism: It’s all the fault of lost jobs. People who talk about behavior are blaming the victim. simple and not very accurate but giving a general idea of something

Question 460

! euphemism (for sth) | /ˈjuːfəmɪzəm/

Answer 460

T) Calling her a 'kind girl' is a crude euphemism criticizing her rather 'unattractive' looks. O) ‘Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘die’. euphemism (for something) an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is

Question 461

criticize/ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

Answer 461

T) Calling her a 'kind girl' is a crude euphemism criticizing her rather 'unattractive' looks. L127) Cook and her husband left the church in the fall of 2007, signing confidentiality agreements and receiving checks for $50,000 apiece. But just weeks ago, Cook wrote an email criticizing the church leadership. [intransitive, transitive] to say that you disapprove of somebody/something; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about somebody/something [OPP] praise

Question 462

! uproar/ˈʌprɔːr/

Answer 462

But after the uproar he realized they did not have that much time. An uproar he said, that was born from both genuine concern and cynical politics. [uncountable, singular] 2. a situation in which there is a lot of public criticism and angry argument about something that somebody has said or done [SYN] outcry

Question 463

be born

Answer 463

But after the uproar he realized they did not have that much time. An uproar he said, that was born from both genuine concern and cynical politics. KE0923) It was the day when a female president was born in the country. [be born (used only in the passive, without by)] (of an idea, an organization, a feeling, etc.) to start to exist

Question 464

genuine/ˈdʒenjuɪn/ | genuinely/ˈdʒenjuɪnli/

Answer 464

genuine: 2. But after the uproar he realized they did not have that much time. An uproar he said, that was born from both genuine concern and cynical politics. 1. R129) Some of the weeping that followed Kim Jong Il's death may thus have been genuine. L57) It is impossible to be 100 percent real. The society we live in, whatever society that may be, requires us to pretend to behave in a certain prescribed manner, even though it may be contrary to our own desire. But the better adjusted we are, the more genuine we become. genuinely: M. L127) That makes Brazilian ethanol, unlike the pampered and grotesquely wasteful American version, competitive with hydrocarbons and genuinely good for the environment. genuine: 2. sincere and honest; that can be trusted 1. real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial [SYN] authentic genuinely: M. really: used for emphasizing a particular quality

Question 465

cynical/ˈsɪnɪkl/

Answer 465

But after the uproar he realized they did not have that much time. An uproar he said, that was born from both genuine concern and cynical politics. 1. believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons

Question 466

politics/ˈpɑːlətɪks/

Answer 466

But after the uproar he realized they did not have that much time. An uproar he said, that was born from both genuine concern and cynical politics. L58) And we all know people who select their church, politics and clubs solely on the basis of what the affiliation might do for them socially or financially. 3. [plural] a person's political views or beliefs

Question 467

! ulcer/ˈʌlsər/

Answer 467

After two weeks of political ulcers, the President took a step back today from his new rule and announced what the White House called an accommodation. (정치적으로 힘든 일, 고통. 이런 느낌. 2주동안 아주 정치적으로 골치를 썩다가 드디어 오늘 한 발 물러섰다.) a sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance 궤양

Question 468

take a step back

Answer 468

After two weeks of political ulcers, the President took a step back today from his new rule and announced what the White House called an accommodation. 한 발짝 물러나다.

Question 469

! mindful of sb/sth/ mindful that… | /ˈmaɪndfl/

Answer 469

We’ve been mindful that there’s another principle at stake here. And that’s the principle of religious liberty. As a citizen, and as a Christian, I cherish this right. mindful of somebody/something| mindful that… (formal) remembering somebody/something and considering them or it when you do something [SYN] conscious

Question 470

! at stake

Answer 470

M2. We’ve been mindful that there’s another principle at stake here. And that’s the principle of religious liberty. As a citizen, and as a Christian, I cherish this right. (우리는 이 문제에 있어서 또 다른 원칙이 걸려 있다(관여되어 있다)는 것을 항상 염두해왔습니다. M1. T) A lot of money is at stake here. (여기에 엄청 많은 돈이 걸려있다.) ! R135) No, Germany won’t like it — but with the very survival of the euro at stake, a bit of financial risk should be a small consideration. M2. used about important issues that are involved in a situation or could be decided by it M1. likely to be lost or damaged if something fails

Question 471

liberty/ˈlɪbərti/

Answer 471

We’ve been mindful that there’s another principle at stake here. And that’s the principle of religious liberty. As a citizen, and as a Christian, I cherish this right. 1. [uncountable] freedom to live as you choose without too many restrictions from government or authority

Question 472

! cherish/ˈtʃerɪʃ/

Answer 472

We’ve been mindful that there’s another principle at stake here. And that’s the principle of religious liberty. As a citizen, and as a Christian, I cherish this right. [transitive] L1. if you cherish something, it is very important to you

Question 473

! be taken aback (by sb/sth)

Answer 473

The White House seemed taken aback by the firestorm ignited by its new rule. to be shocked or surprised by somebody/something

Question 474

ignite/ɪɡˈnaɪt/

Answer 474

The White House seemed taken aback by the firestorm ignited by its new rule. L2. [transitive] to start a dangerous situation, angry argument etc

Question 475

under/ˈʌndər/

Answer 475

The White House seemed taken aback by the firestorm ignited by its new rule. Under it, health insurance policies provided by most employers had to fully covered birth control. T) Under the current law, latecomers are usually sentenced to one year in prison. L126) Not that there won’t be exception under the do-not-track system. according to an agreement, a law or a system

Question 476

latecomer/ˈleɪtkʌmər/

Answer 476

T) Under the current law, latecomers are usually sentenced to one year in prison. a person who arrives late

Question 477

policy/ˈpɑːləsi/

Answer 477

Under it, health insurance policies provided by most employers had to fully covered birth control. T) He bought a life insurance policy. 3. [countable] a written statement of a contract of insurance

Question 478

charity/ˈtʃærəti /

Answer 478

Under it, health insurance policies provided by most employers had to fully covered birth control. That included religious charities, and schools despite their theological objections to it. 1. [countable] an organization for helping people in need

Question 479

theological/ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/

Answer 479

Under it, health insurance policies provided by most employers had to fully covered birth control. That included religious charities, and schools despite their theological objections to it. M. relating to the study of God and religion

Question 480

passion/ˈpæʃn/

Answer 480

Passions on both sides, as seen at the Catholic University in Washington D.C. 1. [countable, uncountable] a very strong feeling of love, hatred, anger, enthusiasm, etc

Question 481

reproductive/ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv/

Answer 481

I think that reproductive health care is necessary. I mean, it’s a human right for women to be able to have that. (임신 관련 의료 서비스) [only before noun] connected with reproducing babies, young animals or plants

Question 482

know of sb/sth

Answer 482

I don’t know of another case in American law, where a religious institution or a religious individual has been forced to pay for an activity that he or she views as sinful. M1. to know that someone or something exists and who, what, or where they are

Question 483

sinful/ˈsɪnfl/ | sin/sɪn/

Answer 483

I don’t know of another case in American law, where a religious institution or a religious individual has been forced to pay for an activity that he or she views as sinful. L127) Cook claims she was in the hole for 7 weeks, during which time she was repeatedly made to confess her sins. sinful: (formal) morally wrong or evil [SYN] immoral sin: [countable] an offence against God or against a religious or moral law

Question 484

unbridgeable/ʌnˈbrɪdʒəbl/

Answer 484

It seemed an unbridgeable chasm. One the President attempted to solve this way today. O. an unbridgeable gap or difference between two people or groups or their opinions is one that cannot be closed or made less wide M. used for describing problems or differences between people that are so great that they will never be solved or agreed on

Question 485

! chasm/ˈkæzəm/

Answer 485

It seemed an unbridgeable chasm. One the President attempted to solve this way today. [singular] chasm (between A and B) (formal) a very big difference between two people or groups, for example because they have different attitudes [SYN] gulf

Question 486

non-profit

Answer 486

The new rule, health insurance policies of non-profit religious organizations do not need to include birth control in their coverage. (of an organization) without the aim of making a profit

Question 487

mandate/ˈmændeɪt/V, N

Answer 487

V1. But the government is mandating that the insurance companies offer those services without charge, to the women who want them. N3. 9DD2) Gentlemen. Starfleet's mandate is to explore and observe, not to interfere. *9DD2) You understand what Starfleet regulations mandate be done at this point. R135) Let’s talk instead about the Federal Reserve. The Fed has a so-called dual mandate: it’s supposed to seek both price stability and full employment. OV1. [often passive] (formal) mandate that…| mandate somebody (to do something) to order somebody to behave, do something or vote in a particular way N3. mandate (to do something) (formal) an official order given to somebody to perform a particular task

Question 488

preventive/prɪˈventɪv/ | also preventative/prɪˈventətɪv/

Answer 488

Religious liberty will be protected. And a law that requires free preventive care will not discriminate against woman. (preventive care: 예방적 차원의 치료) O. [only before noun] intended to try to stop something that causes problems or difficulties from happening M. done so that something does not become worse or turn into a problem

Question 489

discriminate (against sb, in favour of sb, on the grounds of sth) /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/

Answer 489

Religious liberty will be protected. And a law that requires free preventive care will not discriminate against woman. L130) In the Orlando office, former air marshal Steve Theodoropoulos, discovered that supervisors had created their own distorted version of “Jeopardy.” - It had discriminating remarks. 2. [intransitive] to treat one person or group worse/better than another in an unfair way

Question 490

``` priest bishop archbishop/ˌɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/ cardinal pope parish parishioner/pəˈrɪʃənər/ ```

Answer 490

사제(신부), 주교, 대주교, 추기경, 교황, 교구, 교구 주민

Question 491

direction/dəˈrekʃn/

Answer 491

And the group leading the charge against the rule, Catholic Bishops, called the announcement a first step in the right direction. [countable, uncountable] the general way in which a person or thing develops

Question 492

accounting/əˈkaʊntɪŋ/

Answer 492

But some religious groups remained unhappy, calling the announcement an accounting gimmick. (회계 상의 눈속임(수작)이다) [uncountable] the process or work of keeping financial accounts

Question 493

! gimmick/ˈɡɪmɪk/

Answer 493

But some religious groups remained unhappy, calling the announcement an accounting gimmick. L131) Now McConnell and the Republicans say the Senate is actually in session and the President had no right to make this so-called recess appointment. The White House says that is all just a gimmick, that senators are not working right now. Diane, setting the stage out here for yet another fight in Washington. O. (often disapproving) an unusual trick or unnecessary device that is intended to attract attention or to persuade people to buy something M. something that is intended to impress and interest you but is really not at all useful

Question 494

violate/ˈvaɪəleɪt/

Answer 494

Religious groups are still forced to buy insurance. And the insurance companies that they pay are forced to give contraception to their employees. So, they're still forced to violate their religious beliefs. violate something (formal) to go against or refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc. [SYN] flout

Question 495

! tab/tæb/N

Answer 495

Also left with some concerns, David, the group that has to pay the tab, the health insurance industry. (=The group that has to pay the tab is also left with some concerns.) ((앞에 언급한 단체들 말고) 또 여전히 우려를 가지고 있는 단체는 요 단체입니다.) 4. a bill for goods you receive but pay for later, especially for food or drinks in a restaurant or bar; the price or cost of something

Question 496

pick up the bill, tab, etc. (for sth)

Answer 496

O) The company picked up the tab for his hotel room. O) The government will continue to pick up college fees for some students. R144) This argument — trying to shame those who don’t pay for health insurance and who force those who do to pick up their costs — was originally made by the conservative Heritage Foundation. (informal) to pay for something

Question 497

initial/ɪˈnɪʃl/adj.

Answer 497

But there are serious questions about where that initial short-term funding will come from. [only before noun] happening at the beginning; first

Question 498

short-term

Answer 498

But there are serious questions about where that initial short-term funding will come from. [usually before noun] lasting a short time; designed only for a short period of time in the future

Question 499

funding/ˈfʌndɪŋ/

Answer 499

But there are serious questions about where that initial short-term funding will come from. [uncountable] money for a particular purpose; the act of providing money for such a purpose

Question 500

chief/tʃiːf/adj.

Answer 500

All right, our chief White House correspondent, Jake Tapper, leading us off tonight. Jake, thanks so much. [only before noun] 1. most important 2. often Chief highest in rank