MO 13-2 Flashcards
lead off/ lead sth-off
All right, our chief White House correspondent, Jake Tapper, leading us off tonight. Jake, thanks so much.
to start something
! uneventful/ˌʌnɪˈventfl /
“Uneventful.” - “Admiral?” - “It’s the way you describe the survey in Niburu in your captain’s log.”
in which nothing interesting, unusual or exciting happens [OPP] eventful
admiral/ˈædmərəl/
“Uneventful.” - “Admiral?” - “It’s the way you describe the survey in Niburu in your captain’s log.”
an officer of very high rank in the navy
log/lɔːɡ/N
“Uneventful.” - “Admiral?” - “It’s the way you describe the survey in Niburu in your captain’s log.”
- (also logbook) an official record of events during a particular period of time, especially a journey on a ship or plane
go over sth
Ah yes, sir. I didn’t want to waste your time going over the details.
- to examine or check something carefully
volatile/ˈvɑːlətl/
Yeah, tell me more about this volcano. Data says it was highly volatile if it were to erupt, it would wipe out the planet.
*불안불안
wipe out
O. Yeah, tell me more about this volcano. Data says it was highly volatile if it were to erupt, it would wipe out the planet.
R125) Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream.
M1. L142) Wipe out the inside of her mouth and kind of get as much as you can of any pill fragments.
O. wipe sb/sth-out: [often passive] to destroy or remove somebody/something completely
M1. [transitive] to clean the inside of something with a cloth
something tells me (that)
“Let’s hope it doesn’t, sir.” - “Something tells me it won’t.” - “Oh well, sir. Volatile is all relative. Maybe our data was off.”
M. used for saying that you think something is probably true or will probably happen
relative/ˈrelətɪv/, relatively/ˈrelətɪvli/
“Let’s hope it doesn’t, sir.” - “Something tells me it won’t.” - “Oh well, sir. Volatile is all relative. Maybe our data was off.”
L58) So, a genuine person has a consistency which runs through every phase of his interpersonal relationships. Manners are not relative. He doesn’t shower someone with attention one day and ignore him the next.
R125) It’s also not necessarily the case that increasing screen time will lead a child to gain weight: Between 1999 and 2010, screen time among kids jumped by more than two hours per day, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Yet childhood obesity rates remained relatively stable over the same period.
relative: 정의 구분 필요 없음.
M1. having a particular quality when compared with something else
M1a. considered in comparison with other similar things
relatively: to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to something else
! detonate/ˈdetəneɪt/
Or maybe it didn’t erupt because Mr.Spock detonated a cold fusion device inside it right after a civilization, that’s barely invented a wheel happened to see a starship rising out of their ocean. That is pretty much how you describe it. Is it not?
! L141) Inside, a container of gunpowder attached to wires and batteries as a power source to detonate.
[intransitive, transitive] detonate (something) to explode, or to make a bomb or other device explode
cold fusion
Or maybe it didn’t erupt because Mr.Spock detonated a cold fusion device inside it right after a civilization, that’s barely invented a wheel happened to see a starship rising out of their ocean. That is pretty much how you describe it. Is it not?
[uncountable] (physics) nuclear fusion that takes place at or near room temperature
fusion: (also nuclear fusion) [uncountable] (physics) the act or process of combining the nuclei (= central parts) of atoms to form a heavier nucleus, with energy being released
barely/ˈberli/
Or maybe it didn’t erupt because Mr.Spock detonated a cold fusion device inside it right after a civilization, that’s barely invented a wheel happened to see a starship rising out of their ocean. That is pretty much how you describe it. Is it not?
- in a way that almost does not happen or exist
M1. used for saying that something almost does not happen or exist, or is almost not possible
file/faɪl/V
You filed the report? Why didn’t you tell me?
- [transitive] file something (of a journalist) to send a report or a story to your employer
truthful/ˈtruːθfl/
I incorrectly assumed that you would be truthful in your captain’s log.
truthful (about something) (of a person) saying only what is true [SYN] honest
immeasurably/ɪˈmeʒərəbli/
The fact for which I’m immeasurably grateful and the very reason I felt it necessary to take responsibility for the actions.
immeasurable: (formal) too large, great etc. to be measured
noble/ˈnoʊbl/adj.
It’d be so noble, pointy, if you weren’t also throwing me under the bus.
O1. having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others
L1. morally good or generous in a way that is admired
throw you under the bus
It’d be so noble, pointy, if you weren’t also throwing me under the bus.
Wiki. to sacrifice another person (often a friend or ally), who is usually not deserving of such treatment, out of malice or for personal gain.
derogatory/dɪˈrɑːɡətɔːri/
“It’d be so noble, pointy, if you weren’t also throwing me under the bus.” - “Pointy? Is that a derogatory reference?”
(formal) showing a critical attitude towards somebody [SYN] insulting
reference/ˈrefrəns/N
“It’d be so noble, pointy, if you weren’t also throwing me under the bus.” - “Pointy? Is that a derogatory reference?”
- [countable, uncountable] reference (to somebody/something) a thing you say or write that mentions somebody/something else; the act of mentioning somebody/something
interfere/ˌɪntərˈfɪr/
interference/ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/
Gentlemen. Starfleet’s mandate is to explore and observe, not to interfere.
Had the mission gone according to plan, admiral, the indigenous species would never have been aware of our interference.
interfere: [intransitive] to get involved in and try to influence a situation that does not concern you, in a way that annoys other people
interference: [uncountable] interference (in something) the act of interfering
indigenous/ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/
Had the mission gone according to plan, admiral, the indigenous species would never have been aware of our interference.
(formal) belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else [SYN] native
technicality/ˌteknɪˈkæləti/
“Had the mission gone according to plan, admiral, the indigenous species would never have been aware of our interference.” - “That’s a technicality.”
L. a small detail in a law or a set of rules, especially one that forces you to make a decision that seems unfair
(엄밀히 따지면 그렇다는 의미)
! attitude/ˈætɪtuːd/
“I’m Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality.” - “You’re giving me attitude, Spock?” - “I’m expressing multiple attitudes simultaneously, sir. To which are you referring?”
- [uncountable] confident, sometimes aggressive behaviour that shows you do not care about other people’s opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way
multiple/ˈmʌltɪpl/adj.
“I’m Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality.” - “You’re giving me attitude, Spock?” - “I’m expressing multiple attitudes simultaneously, sir. To which are you referring?”
[only before noun] many in number; involving many different people or things
simultaneously/ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəsli/
“I’m Vulcan, sir. We embrace technicality.” - “You’re giving me attitude, Spock?” - “I’m expressing multiple attitudes simultaneously, sir. To which are you referring?”
simultaneous: happening or done at the same time as something else
a pain in the neck
You have any idea what a pain in the ass(neck) you are?
(informal) a person or thing that is very annoying
wrong/rɔːŋ/adv.
So, tell me what you did wrong. What’s the lesson to be learned here?
(used after verbs) in a way that produces a result that is not correct or that you do not want [SYN] right
apply/əˈplaɪ/
- You think the rules don’t apply to you ‘cause you disagree with them.
R137) Another researcher, Leslie Zebrowitz of Brandeis University, noticed that the looks-smarts relationship applies only to the ugly side of the spectrum. It’s not that beautiful people are especially smart, she says, so much as that ugly people are especially dumb.
(여기서 so much as 중요. 사전에선 못 찾겠는데 설명은 못생긴 사람이 멍청한 것만큼 예쁜 사람이 똑똑하진 않다는 의미로 so much as.) - R130) Perhaps China has also been applying pressure. It has propped up the Kims, if only to protect the buffer state that separates it from the American troops garrisoned in South Korea.
- [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) to concern or relate to somebody/something
- [transitive] to use something or make something work in a particular situation
M2. [transitive] to use a particular method, process, law etc
disagree with (doing) sth
9DD2) You think the rules don’t apply to you ‘cause you disagree with them.
to believe that something is bad or wrong; to disapprove of something
in the first place
in the first place:
“You lied. You think that rules don’t apply to you cause you disagree with them.” - “That’s why you talked me into signing up in the first place. That’s why you gave me your ship.”
in the first, second, etc. place:
I wouldn’t have risked my first officer’s life in the first place! You were supposed to survey a planet, not alter its destiny.
in the first place: used at the end of a sentence to talk about why something was done or whether it should have been done or not
in the first, second, etc. place: used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the different points you are making in an argument
ounce of sth
/aʊns/
I gave you my ship, because I saw greatness in you. And now I see you haven’t got an ounce of humility.
[singular] ounce of something (informal) (used especially with negatives) a very small quantity of something
! humility/hjuːˈmɪləti/
I gave you my ship, because I saw greatness in you. And now I see you haven’t got an ounce of humility.
[uncountable] the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people; the quality of being humble
risk/rɪsk/V
I wouldn’t have risked my first officer’s life in the first place! You were supposed to survey a planet, not alter its destiny.
- risk something to put something valuable or important in a dangerous situation, in which it could be lost or damaged
alter/ˈɔːltər/
I wouldn’t have risked my first officer’s life in the first place! You were supposed to survey a planet, not alter its destiny.
R129) All this is altering the country in irreversible ways—and one of these days will threaten the regime’s survival (see article).
- [intransitive, transitive] to become different; to make somebody/something different
command/kəˈmænd/
You violated a dozen Starfleet regulations and almost got everyone under your command killed.
[uncountable] control and authority over a situation or a group of people
except/ɪkˈsept/conj.
“You violated a dozen Starfleet regulations and almost got everyone under your command killed.” - “Except I didn’t!”
O. except (that)… used before you mention something that makes a statement not completely true [SYN] apart from the fact that
! infallible/ɪnˈfæləbl/
You think you’re infallible, you think you can’t make a mistake. It’s a pattern with you!
never wrong; never making mistakes [OPP] fallible
pattern/ˈpætərn/
You think you’re infallible, you think you can’t make a mistake. It’s a pattern with you!
R136) Remarkably, however, a powerful trend toward abandoning corporal punishment is already under way. There has been a dramatic reduction in its use over the past two generations—an unprecedented change in a pattern that likely had been fixed for millennia.
- the regular way in which something happens or is done
blind/blaɪnd/
And what’s worse is you’re using blind luck to justify you’re playing God.
(무모한 운에만 의존하고 있다.)
- [usually before noun] (of a situation or an event) that cannot be controlled by reason
justify/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/
And what’s worse is you’re using blind luck to justify you’re playing God.
(사전 용례랑은 좀 다르게 쓰였긴 함.)
R134) The idea that the state should subsidise giving to good causes is resilient, but not easily justified
R141) Look, I am in a culture that constantly justifies the means to an end. So how do we persuade people not to take it?
(두 정의 비슷해서…걍 따로 표시 안 함)
- to show that somebody/something is right or reasonable
- justify something/yourself (to somebody)| justify (somebody/something) doing something to give an explanation or excuse for something or for doing something [SYN] defend
play God
And what’s worse is you’re using blind luck to justify you’re playing God.
R129) The whole country was his movie set, where he could play God and have the people revere him (see our obituary).
to behave as if you control events or other people’s lives
convene/kənˈviːn/
He convened a special tribunal to which I was not invited.
(formal) [transitive] convene something to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting
! tribunal/traɪˈbjuːnl/
He convened a special tribunal to which I was not invited.
[countable + singular or plural verb] a type of court with the authority to deal with a particular problem or disagreement
the chair
You don’t comply with the rules. You don’t take responsibility for anything and you don’t respect the chair. You know why? Because you’re not ready for it.
the chair [singular] the position of being in charge of a meeting or committee; the person who holds this position
! screen time
The effects of “screen time” on childhood obesity.(소제목)
스크린 보는 시간
! talk about…
Talk about a disparity between theory and practice.
(theory와 practice의 차이가 얼마나 큰지, 말도 마세요.)
(informal) used to emphasize something
! disparity/dɪˈspærəti /
Talk about a disparity between theory and practice.
KE1115) Income disparity and the resulting polarization are two defining features of modern capitalism.
[uncountable, countable] (formal) a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment
pediatrics/ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/
pediatric/ˌpiːdiˈætrɪk/
pediatrician/ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/
The American Academy of Pediatrics tells parents that children’s total entertainment media time should not exceed two hours daily.
R125) A more efficient way to reduce pediatric obesity would fixate less on the number of calories going out, and more on the number going in.
R136) According to well-designed surveys, 70 percent of family physicians and 60 percent of pediatricians think “striking of the child’s buttocks or hand with an open hand … leaving no mark except transient redness” is fine.
pediatrics: [uncountable] the branch of medicine concerned with children and their diseases
pediatrician: a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children
! collectively/kəˈlektɪvli/
These activities, collectively called “screen time,” are widely blamed for the tripling of obesity rates in children since the 1980s.
M. together, as a group
widely/ˈwaɪdli/
These activities, collectively called “screen time,” are widely blamed for the tripling of obesity rates in children since the 1980s.
by a lot of people; in or to many places
triple/ˈtrɪpl/V
These activities, collectively called “screen time,” are widely blamed for the tripling of obesity rates in children since the 1980s.
[intransitive, transitive] triple (something) to become, or to make something, three times as much or as many
! zone out
Zoning out in front of a television or video game monitor for hours doesn’t seem healthy, but no one yet has found any causal link between time spent lolling on a couch and childhood obesity.
M. to stop paying attention and just look in front of you without thinking, especially because you are tired, bored, or have taken drugs
causal/ˈkɔːzl/
causality/kɔːˈzæləti/
Zoning out in front of a television or video game monitor for hours doesn’t seem healthy, but no one yet has found any causal link between time spent lolling on a couch and childhood obesity.
R125) There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality.
(formal) connected with the relationship between two things, where one causes the other to happen
causality: [uncountable] (formal) the relationship between something that happens and the reason for it happening; the principle that nothing can happen without a cause
link (between A and B)
Zoning out in front of a television or video game monitor for hours doesn’t seem healthy, but no one yet has found any causal link between time spent lolling on a couch and childhood obesity.
link (between A and B) a connection between two or more people or things
! loll/lɑːl/
Zoning out in front of a television or video game monitor for hours doesn’t seem healthy, but no one yet has found any causal link between time spent lolling on a couch and childhood obesity.
(빈둥빈둥 시간보내는 것)
intransitive] + adverb/preposition to lie, sit or stand in a lazy, relaxed way
finding/ˈfaɪndɪŋ/
In February, for example, researchers in Texas reported their findings on whether it would help kids lose weight to have their regular video games replaced with a more active alternative such as the Nintendo Wii console.
[usually plural] information that is discovered as the result of research into something
oriented/ˈɔːrientɪd/
In their study, 84 children received Wii consoles and one half of those got a collection of exercise-oriented games like Wii Sports and EA Active, which ask players to move their arms and legs or jump around to control the action.
R141) It’s a complicated dependency. I mean I never took Adderall to get high, never took it in a way that was not academically oriented; and I think there’s a distinction between dependency and addiction, taking something for a purpose or for a rush.
M. mainly concerned with, or directed towards, a particular group, activity, or situation
O. orient: [usually passive] orient somebody/something (to/towards somebody/something) to direct somebody/something towards something; to make or adapt somebody/something for a particular purpose
minimal/ˈmɪnɪməl/
The other half of the kids got “inactive” games like Madden NFL, which can be played from a seated position with minimal full-body movements.
very small in size or amount; as small as possible
comparison/kəmˈpærɪsn/
The results of the comparison were disappointing. After three months, “there was no evidence that children receiving the active video games were more active in general or at any time,” the authors wrote.
[uncountable] comparison (with somebody/something) the process of comparing two or more people or things
minor/ˈmaɪnər/
(The year before, a similar study in New Zealand had shown only minor improvement with active games; kids weighed just a pound less after six months of “exergaming”.)
[usually before noun] not very large, important or serious
complicate/ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪt/
Such studies are complicated by the fact that even regular video games—the ones so often blamed for the present rates of childhood obesity—may not be as passive as you think.
complicate something to make something more difficult to do, understand or deal with
physiology/ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/, physiologist/ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒɪst/
A decade ago, a physiologist named Arlette Perry at the University of Miami worried that her 10-year-old son Thomas was spending a lot of time with a controller in his hand.
- [uncountable] the scientific study of the normal functions of living things
chronic/ˈkrɑːnɪk/
To measure the effects of chronic gaming, she studied her son and 20 other children as they played Tekken 3 on a Sony PlayStation in her lab.
O1. (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of [OPP] acute
M3. [usually before noun] doing something again and again, especially something harmful that you are unable or unwilling to stop doing
extent/ɪkˈstent/
She found that the fighting game increased the kids’ heart rates and blood pressure to the same extent as walking at 3 miles per hour.
[singular, uncountable] how large, important, serious, etc. something is
! translate/trænsˈleɪt/
L3. Children burned roughly twice as many calories playing Tekken 3 as they did sitting in one place, which translates to an extra 40 to 80 calories burned every hour.
L2. L59) Unfortunately, doctors note, even modest weight gains can loom large for women: a gain of 3.8 kg, for instance, can translate into a different dress size; for men it may mean only letting the belt out a notch.
(L3을 넣어도 해석이 이상하진 않지만 L2가 더 어울리는 듯. 3.8 kg이 찌면 드레스 사이즈가 바뀌게 된다. 이렇게.)
L3. [intransitive and transitive] to mean the same as something else
L2. [intransitive and transitive] if one thing translates into another, the second thing happens as a result of the first
in other words
Children burned roughly twice as many calories playing Tekken 3 as they did sitting in one place, which translates to an extra 40 to 80 calories burned every hour. In other words, this traditional, “passive” video game was itself providing children with a form of exercise.
O. used to introduce an explanation of something
M. used for introducing another way of saying or explaining something, especially a more simple way
limited/ˈlɪmɪtɪd/
We’ve known for a long time that attempts to reduce television-watching among children have a limited effect on their body weight.
- not very great in amount or extent
excessive/ɪkˈsesɪv/
For a 1999 paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers gave a group of third- and fourth-graders in California regular lessons on the dangers of excessive television.
greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate
time budget
Their parents were asked to enforce time budgets (using a device to limit total screen time) and participate in television turnoffs lasting 10 days, among other projects.
시간을 예산처럼 쓴다는 의미. 몇 시간은 뭐 시키고 몇 시간은 뭐 시키고 이런 거.
halve/hæv/
This very involved, two-month intervention halved television watching among participants.
[intransitive, transitive] to reduce by a half; to make something reduce by a half
participant/pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt/
This very involved, two-month intervention halved television watching among participants.
participant (in something) a person who is taking part in an activity or event
drastic/ˈdræstɪk/
The drastic reduction in television-watching made for only a very modest difference: Weight gains in the experimental group were reduced by an average of only one pound.
extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on something
! make for sth
The drastic reduction in television-watching made for only a very modest difference: Weight gains in the experimental group were reduced by an average of only one pound.
O2. to help to make something possible
L2. [not in progressive] to cause a particular result or situation
(contribute to랑 사실상 같은 의미)
modest/ˈmɑːdɪst/
The drastic reduction in television-watching made for only a very modest difference: Weight gains in the experimental group were reduced by an average of only one pound.
R134) William Gladstone failed in this attempt to end the exemption of charities from income tax in 1863. He would not have been surprised when his successor, George Osborne, last week backed down on a more modest attempt towards the same ends.
- not very large, expensive, important, etc
not necessarily/ˌnesəˈserəli/
It’s also not necessarily the case that increasing screen time will lead a child to gain weight: Between 1999 and 2010, screen time among kids jumped by more than two hours per day, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Yet childhood obesity rates remained relatively stable over the same period.
L133) First, NPR’s Yuki Noguchi tells us why airlines are doing well, and why that’s not necessarily great news for consumers.
used to say that something is possibly true but not definitely or always true
stable/ˈsteɪbl/
stability/stəˈbɪləti/
stable:
1. It’s also not necessarily the case that increasing screen time will lead a child to gain weight: Between 1999 and 2010, screen time among kids jumped by more than two hours per day, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Yet childhood obesity rates remained relatively stable over the same period.
R130) Kim Jong Un appears to want stable foreign relations as he consolidates power.
- R138) The American social fabric is now so depleted that even if manufacturing jobs miraculously came back we still would not be producing enough stable, skilled workers to fill them.
stability:
R128) Its strategy for stability, Mr Bequelin points out, is “to nip protests in the bud”. Video surveillance seems the ideal tool.
stable:
1. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail [SYN] steady
- (of a person) calm and reasonable; not easily upset [SYN] balanced
M3. with a healthy mental and emotional state
stability: [uncountable] the quality or state of being steady and not changing or being disturbed in any way (= the quality of being stable)
! taken together
all in all
in short
Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity.
모든 걸 종합해볼 때. 결론적으로.
비슷한 단어들
all in all: M. (mainly spoken) used for showing that you are considering every aspect of something
in short: M. used for introducing a summary of something that you have just said
reallocate/ˌriːˈæləkeɪt/
Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity.
O. reallocate something (to somebody/something)
to change the way money or materials are shared between different people, groups, projects, etc. [SYN] redistribute
M. to decide officially that something will be used for a different purpose
impact/ˈɪmpækt/N
Taken together, the data above suggest that public health efforts to cut or reallocate screen time won’t have a huge impact on childhood obesity.
impact (of something) (on somebody/something) the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something
well known
- There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality.
- R4) A well-known English college, Eton, developed a set of rules in 1815
- (of a fact) generally known and accepted
- known about by a lot of people [SYN] famous
linkage (between A and B)
There is indeed a well-known correlation between obesity and hours spent in front of a video screen, but the fact of that linkage doesn’t tell us anything about causality.
[uncountable, countable] linkage (between A and B) the act of linking things; a link or system of links [SYN] connection
accumulate/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/
- Does watching television make kids fat, or do fat kids just happen to watch a lot of television? The accumulating work in this area suggests the latter.
- R130) If this deal slows the rate at which the North accumulates a nuclear arsenal, then it will have been worth something.
- [intransitive] to gradually increase in number or quantity over a period of time [SYN] build up
- [transitive] accumulate something to gradually get more and more of something over a period of time [SYN] amass
in short
In short, whatever calories a kid might burn off playing Dance Dance Revolution or turning off the TV to go for a walk are small potatoes.
used for introducing a summary of something that you have just said
whatever/wətˈevər/det.
- In short, whatever calories a kid might burn off playing Dance Dance Revolution or turning off the TV to go for a walk are small potatoes.
R129) Their dilemma is that whatever they do, North Korea will eventually collapse.
7N3) They say they market responsibly, and point out the teenage drinking is at an all-time low and there’s no evidence that specific products play any role in binge drinking. Still, researchers say for whatever the reason, teenage girls are now more likely to choose hard alcohol than beer.
(이유가 무엇이건 간에.)
R6) Whatever the reason for our like or dislike, snakes are a vital part of the circle of life.
- used when you are saying that it does not matter what somebody does or what happens, because the result will be the same
burn sth-off
In short, whatever calories a kid might burn off playing Dance Dance Revolution or turning off the TV to go for a walk are small potatoes. Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream.
to use energy by doing exercise
! small potatoes
In short, whatever calories a kid might burn off playing Dance Dance Revolution or turning off the TV to go for a walk are small potatoes.
[uncountable] (informal) a person or thing that has no great importance or value, especially when compared with someone or something else
intensely/ɪnˈtensli/
Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream.
intense: 2. serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
take up
Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream. That might be why taking up dozens of classroom hours in an effort to reduce screen time, or paying to outfit homes with active video games, yield such a small return on investment.
M2. to fill a particular amount of space or time
! outfit/ˈaʊtfɪt/V
Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream. That might be why taking up dozens of classroom hours in an effort to reduce screen time, or paying to outfit homes with active video games, yield such a small return on investment.
[often passive] to provide someone or something with equipment or clothes for a special purpose [SYN] equip
yield/jiːld/V, N
V. Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream. That might be why taking up dozens of classroom hours in an effort to reduce screen time, or paying to outfit homes with active video games, yield such a small return on investment.
N. R132) And because foreigners tend to put their U.S. investments into safe, low-yield assets, America actually earns more from its assets abroad than it pays to foreign investors.
T) bond yield: 채권 수익률
R133) But when Cisco, a technology giant, was briefly worth more than $500 billion in 2000, its price-earnings ratio was above 100; Apple trades on only 22 times its 2011 profits. Its new dividend yield will be almost as generous as that of the overall market.
V. [transitive] yield something to produce or provide something, for example a profit, result or crop
N. [countable, uncountable] the total amount of crops, profits, etc. that are produced
return/rɪˈtɜːrn/N
! return on investment
Even an adult will only burn off a few hundred calories by working out intensely for half an hour—a benefit that’s wiped out by a single bag of chips or a scoop of ice cream. That might be why taking up dozens of classroom hours in an effort to reduce screen time, or paying to outfit homes with active video games, yield such a small return on investment.
R131) As the Bank of England’s director for financial stability recently put it, seemingly high returns before the crisis simply reflected increased risk-taking — risk that was mostly borne not by the wheeler-dealers themselves but either by naïve investors or by taxpayers, who ended up holding the bag when it all went wrong.
return: 5. [uncountable, countable] the amount of profit that you get from something [SYN] earnings, yield
return on investment: 투자수익률. 주식 용어임.
way/weɪ/
That doesn’t mean someone can’t exercise his or her way from obesity to thinness, but the bar is very high.
T) He climbed his way up the social ladder to become the CEO in 5 short years.
L135) For lots of people, it’s a form of escapism. It’s a way to sort of dream your way out of your current reality.
(꿈으로 현재 내 현실에서 벗어나보려는 노력이다.)
~_~ 정의가 딱히 없네.
bar/bɑːr/N
- That doesn’t mean someone can’t exercise his or her way from obesity to thinness, but the bar is very high.
- R8) Back in Room 144, whenever it was time for music, I would see Felix tapping his little claws against the bars of the cage.
- [countable, usually singular] bar (to something) a thing that stops somebody from doing something
- [countable] a long straight piece of metal or wood.Bars are often used to stop somebody from getting through a space
! fixate/|fɪkseɪt/
A more efficient way to reduce pediatric obesity would fixate less on the number of calories going out, and more on the number going in.
C. [VERB] [tr; usually passive, informal] to obsess or preoccupy
(초점을 맞춘다.)
expense/ɪkˈspens/
All these expenses add up to more than a million won for these Korean parents priming their kids for college in the U.S.
L1. [uncountable and countable] the amount of money that you spend on something
! prime/praɪm/V
All these expenses add up to more than a million won for these Korean parents priming their kids for college in the U.S.
to prepare somebody for a situation so that they know what to do, especially by giving them special information [SYN] brief
(pump priming: 마중물 주기. 뭔가 나오도록 하려고 준비시켜주는 느낌.)
! go to the trouble of doing sth
Some even go to the trouble of trying to find a spot for their kid in a private high school known for its reputation for sending many children to prestigious universities.
trouble: M3. [uncountable] additional or special effort that causes you problems or difficulties
(힘든데 굳이, 그걸 무릅쓰고 그렇게 까지 한다.)
! prohibitively/prəˈhɪbətɪvli/
The prohibitively high price tag isn’t enough to deter dozens of students from heading to America every day.
prohibitive: (of a price or a cost) so high that it prevents people from buying something or doing something [SYN] exorbitant
price tag
The prohibitively high price tag isn’t enough to deter dozens of students from heading to America every day.
M2. [countable] informal the cost of something very big and expensive
deter/dɪˈtɜːr/
The prohibitively high price tag isn’t enough to deter dozens of students from heading to America every day.
[transitive, intransitive] deter (somebody) (from something/from doing something) to make somebody decide not to do something or continue doing something, especially by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions
! spare/sper/V
So, if they think their long journey will spare them from expensive private tutoring fees here, they’re dead wrong.
T) His help spared me a lot of extra time.
- to save somebody/yourself from having to go through an unpleasant experience
(뭘 해야 되는데, 뭘 하지 않아도 되도록 한다는 의미로.)
fee/fiː/
So, if they think their long journey will spare them from expensive private tutoring fees here, they’re dead wrong.
L133) Airlines run on extremely tight profit margins of about 3%. Herbst says higher margins might even mean the companies start investing in customer service again. But before you get too excited about what that means, it likely won’t mean fewer fees or cheaper fares.
(여기서 fee는 항공료에 더 붙는 추가요금 말하는 것. tax, luggage, blankets 등등)
an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services
dead/ded/adv.
So, if they think their long journey will spare them from expensive private tutoring fees here, they’re dead wrong.
[intransitive] completely; exactly
advertiser/ˈædvərtaɪzər/
Online advertisers are being pressured by regulators in both the U.S and Europe to accept a new web browser option called do-not-track.
a person or company that advertises
regulator/ˈreɡjuleɪtər/
Online advertisers are being pressured by regulators in both the U.S and Europe to accept a new web browser option called do-not-track.
a person or an organization that officially controls an area of business or industry and makes sure that it is operating fairly
come with sth
Some browsers already come with a do-not-track button - Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox - and other browsers are expected to add the option soon.
But more important, he says, the industry’s opt-out rules come with some broad exceptions.
T) Today’s smart phones come with a decent camera embedded in it.
to be provided together with something
embed/ɪmˈbed/
T) Today’s smart phones come with a decent camera embedded in it.
M2. to make something a fixed and important part of something else
specialize (in sth)/ˈspeʃəlaɪz/
Mayer is a Stanford grad student specializing in computer science and law and he’s helped to popularize the idea.
[intransitive] specialize (in something) to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend more time on one area of work, etc. than on others
popularize/ˈpɑːpjələraɪz/
Mayer is a Stanford grad student specializing in computer science and law and he’s helped to popularize the idea.
- popularize somebody/something to make a lot of people know about something and enjoy it
! coalition/ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃn/
There’s a coalition of online advertising companies that has promised to begin listening for that signal, including some of the largest players in online advertising, Google and Yahoo, but it’s not quite clear yet what’s going to mean for them to listen to that signal.
R126) Two mighty coalitions have formed around SOPA.
[countable + singular or plural verb] a group formed by people from several different groups, especially political ones, agreeing to work together for a particular purpose
player/ˈpleɪər/
- There’s a coalition of online advertising companies that has promised to begin listening for that signal, including some of the largest players in online advertising, Google and Yahoo, but it’s not quite clear yet what’s going to mean for them to listen to that signal.
- L135) Among the lottery-frenzied, a lot of first time lottery players.
- a company or person involved in a particular area of business or politics
- a person who takes part in a game or sports
before/bɪˈfɔːr/prep.
M4a. That’s the question that’s now before the tracking protection working group of the worldwide web consortium.
T) The key challenge before us now is to appease him so he wouldn’t increase the volume of assignments.
R126) The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), now before America’s Congress, is the latest of many recent attempts to defend property rights on the internet.
O5. L131) And in a sign that this Washington showdown will go on, on his first day on the job, Cordray was called to testify before Congress.
M4a. (formal) used for saying that something or someone is judged or considered by a group of people
L4. used to say that someone or something comes to be judged or considered by a person or group of people
O5. in the presence of somebody who is listening, watching, etc
AWOL/ˈeɪwɔːl/
T) His new rule against going AWOL is only the latest of a series of extremely strict hagwon regulations that aim to harass students.
O. absent without leave (used especially in the armed forces when somebody has left their group without permission)
strict/strɪkt/
T) His new rule against going AWOL is only the latest of a series of extremely strict hagwon regulations that aim to harass students.
O1. that must be obeyed exactly
harass/həˈræs/
T) His new rule against going AWOL is only the latest of a series of extremely strict hagwon regulations that aim to harass students.
O1. [often passive] harass somebody to annoy or worry somebody by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them
M1. to keep annoying or upsetting someone, for example by criticizing them, attacking them, or treating them in a way that is offensive to them
appease/əˈpiːz/
T) The key challenge before us now is to appease him so he wouldn’t increase the volume of assignments.
(formal, usually disapproving) appease somebody to make somebody calmer or less angry by giving them what they want
volume/ˈvɑːljuːm/
T) The key challenge before us now is to appease him so he wouldn’t increase the volume of assignments.
- [uncountable, countable] the amount of something
working group
That’s the question that’s now before the tracking protection working group of the worldwide web consortium.
OA. a group of people chosen to study a particular problem or situation in order to suggest ways of dealing with it
L. [countable] a group that is formed to examine a particular situation or problem and suggest ways of dealing with it [= working party]
consortium/kənˈsɔːrtiəm/
That’s the question that’s now before the tracking protection working group of the worldwide web consortium.
a group of people, countries, companies, etc. who are working together on a particular project
! household name
The W3C may not be a household name, but for years it’s been setting standards for how websites work.
a name that has become very well known
respond/rɪˈspɑːnd/
Now it’s trying to set the standard for how websites should respond when you click that do-not-track button.
- [intransitive] respond (to something) (with something/by doing something) to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done [SYN] react
have a seat at the table
But online advertisers who also have a seat at the table, don’t even like the concept of the do-not-track button.
어떤 회의장이나 의사 결정을 하는 곳에 자리를 하나 갖고 있다는 뜻.
exit/ˈeksɪt/V
And they’re not going to understand that they have just exited the value exchange which allows companies to invest in content services, almost all of which are freely available to the consumer.
- [intransitive, transitive] to finish using a computer program
exchange/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/N
- And they’re not going to understand that they have just exited the value exchange which allows companies to invest in content services, almost all of which are freely available to the consumer.
- R130) Crucially, the North has agreed that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency will check that enrichment really has stopped. In return America will ship at least 240,000 tonnes of food aid to feed North Korea’s starving people, organise a few cultural exchanges, and work towards six-nation talks about a comprehensive settlement.
- [countable, uncountable] an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in return
- [countable] an arrangement when two people or groups from different countries visit each other’s homes or do each other’s jobs for a short time
M4. [countable] an arrangement in which people or groups from different countries visit each other or do each other’s jobs, for example in order to study another country’s language or improve relationships
! point to sth
- Zaneis says advertisers are happy to let consumers opt out of the data collection. He points to an industry-sponsored website called AboutAds.info, where you can notify participating advertisers not to collect data from you.
R136) When I push him to explain why the reduction in corporal punishment is so recent, he points to increasing levels of education. - R15) One of them is Hispaniola. Its name points to the fact that Christopher Columbus visited the island in 1942.
! R93) Google’s confrontation with China — over government censorship in general and specific attacks on its systems — is an exceptional case, of course, extending to human rights and international politics as well as high-tech spying. But the intrusion into Google’s computers and related attacks from within China on some 30 other companies point to the rising sophistication of such assaults and the vulnerability of even the best defenses, security experts say.
O1. to mention something that you think is important and/or the reason why a particular situation exists
(비슷한 단어로는 cite. 봐봐, 내 말이 맞지?)
O2. to suggest that something is true or likely
M. to show the truth or importance of something
notify/ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/
He points to an industry-sponsored website called AboutAds.info, where you can notify participating advertisers not to collect data from you.
to formally or officially tell somebody about something [SYN] inform
self-regulatory/ˈreɡjələtɔːri/
We’ve stood up a self-regulatory program through the Digital Advertising Alliance which is delivering additional transparency and consumer control today.
(stood up a self-regulatory program은 아무리 찾아도 사전 정의는 안 나옴. 구글에서 검색해보면 똑같은 맥락에서 After a lot of hard work, the industry has stood up the program that was promised to the FTC more than a year ago. 라는 문장 있는데 일단 넘어가자.)
M. a self-regulatory system or organization is one that controls itself and makes its own rules
O. regulatory: [usually before noun] having the power to control an area of business or industry and make sure that it is operating fairly
(자체규제)
alliance/əˈlaɪəns/
We’ve stood up a self-regulatory program through the Digital Advertising Alliance which is delivering additional transparency and consumer control today.
a group of people, political parties, etc. who work together in order to achieve something that they all want
additional/əˈdɪʃənl/
We’ve stood up a self-regulatory program through the Digital Advertising Alliance which is delivering additional transparency and consumer control today.
R137) When Kanazawa analyzed the numbers, he found the two were related: In the U.K., for example, attractive children have an additional 12.4 points of IQ, on average.
more than was first mentioned or is usual [SYN] extra
transparency/trænsˈpærənsi/
We’ve stood up a self-regulatory program through the Digital Advertising Alliance which is delivering additional transparency and consumer control today.
L131) If you ask me, the American people should be getting more transparency out of this administration, not less.
M. [uncountable] an honest way of doing things that allows other people to know exactly what you are doing
impressed/ɪmˈprest/
Privacy advocates are not impressed. “I think it’s just pure deception at this point.”
feeling admiration for somebody/something because you think they are particularly good, interesting, etc
deception/dɪˈsepʃn/
Privacy advocates are not impressed. “I think it’s just pure deception at this point.”
- [uncountable] the act of deliberately making somebody believe something that is not true (= of deceiving them) [SYN] deceit
- [countable] a trick intended to make somebody believe something that is not true [SYN] deceit
exception/ɪkˈsepʃn/
But more important, he says, the industry’s opt-out rules come with some broad exceptions. Some exceptions like product improvement.
- a person or thing that is not included in a general statement
not that
Not that there won’t be exception under the do-not-track system.
T) My wife always grills me about drinking. I can’t stand it any more. Not that I don’t love her. It’s just she is so annying.
O. used to state that you are not suggesting something
M. used for adding a negative statement that reduces the effect or the importance of what you have just said
grill sb (about sth)/ɡrɪl/
T) My wife always grills me about drinking. I can’t stand it any more. Not that I don’t love her. It’s just she is so annying.
grill somebody (about something) to ask somebody a lot of questions about their ideas, actions, etc, often in an unpleasant way
absolute/ˈæbsəluːt/
Privacy advocates admit that you can’t have an absolute ban on data-collection.
total and complete
agree/əˈɡriː/
But, they say, they’d rather see those data-collection rules agreed upon in an open forum, like this week’s W3C meeting, as opposed to letting the advertising industry write its own rules.
[intransitive, transitive] to decide with somebody else to do something or to have something
! as opposed to
! But, they say, they’d rather see those data-collection rules agreed upon in an open forum, like this week’s W3C meeting, as opposed to letting the advertising industry write its own rules.
! R131) “We are the 99 percent” is a great slogan. It correctly defines the issue as being the middle class versus the elite (as opposed to the middle class versus the poor).
(formal) used to make a contrast between two things
right a wrong
T) Japan and the rest of Asia need work together to right the wrongs of the past.
O. to do something to correct an unfair situation or something bad that you have done
L. to do something to prevent a bad situation from continuing
piracy/ˈpaɪrəsi/
pirate/ˈpaɪrət/
piratical/ˌpaɪˈrætɪkl/
An American anti-piracy bill tries to stem the global theft of intellectual property
The bill aims to cut off Americans’ access to foreign pirate websites by squeezing intermediaries.
Constantly changing technology makes data on piracy unreliable.
Monitors struggle to distinguish the effect of deterrence from the rise of easy, cheap alternatives to piratical downloading, such as legal online music services.
The Social Science Research Council, an American non-profit body, found in a study this year “little evidence—and indeed few claims—that enforcement efforts to date have had any impact whatsoever on the overall supply [of pirated media].”
The pirates just moved their illegal activity to looser jurisdictions, such as Sweden—while still benefiting from American-based search engines and payment systems.
piracy: [uncountable] the act of making illegal copies of DVDs, computer programs, books, etc, in order to sell them
pirate: N. (often used as an adjective) a person who makes illegal copies of DVDs, computer programs, books, etc, in order to sell them
pirate: V. pirate something to copy and use or sell somebody’s work or a product without permission and without having the right to do so
! stem/stem/
An American anti-piracy bill tries to stem the global theft of intellectual property
stem something to stop something that is flowing from spreading or increasing
(stem the tide: 조수를 막는다. 추세적으로 막 우르르 생기는 걸 막는다고 할 때 씀. 범죄, 불법 이민 등등…)
copyright/ˈkɑːpiraɪt/V
Illegal copying and sharing of copyrighted material is hard enough to stop within a country.
copyright something to get the copyright for something
traffic/ˈtræfɪk/
Illegal copying and sharing of copyrighted material is hard enough to stop within a country. But when the internet takes traffic across borders it is almost unmanageable.
the movement of messages and signals through an electronic communication system
unmanageable/ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbl/
Illegal copying and sharing of copyrighted material is hard enough to stop within a country. But when the internet takes traffic across borders it is almost unmanageable.
difficult or impossible to control or deal with [OPP] manageable
anonymous/əˈnɑːnɪməs/
anonymity/ˌænəˈnɪməti/
American-owned intellectual property, say, may be uploaded in one country and downloaded in a second, via a website whose computers are in a third, operated by anonymous enthusiasts (or criminals) from goodness-knows-where.
But losing public anonymity could affect political life.
anonymous: (of a person) with a name that is not known or that is not made public
anonymity: [uncountable] 1. the state of remaining unknown to most other people
! enthusiast/ɪnˈθuːziæst/
American-owned intellectual property, say, may be uploaded in one country and downloaded in a second, via a website whose computers are in a third, operated by anonymous enthusiasts (or criminals) from goodness-knows-where.
enthusiast (for/of something) a person who is very interested in something and spends a lot of time doing it
aficionado/əˌfɪʃəˈnɑːdoʊ/
O) a ballet aficionado/an aficionado of ballet
O. a person who likes a particular sport, activity or subject very much and knows a lot about it
God/goodness/Heaven knows
American-owned intellectual property, say, may be uploaded in one country and downloaded in a second, via a website whose computers are in a third, operated by anonymous enthusiasts (or criminals) from goodness-knows-where.
(informal) used to emphasize that you do not know something
! aim/eɪm/V
The bill aims to cut off Americans’ access to foreign pirate websites by squeezing intermediaries.
T) His new rule against going AWOL is only the latest of a series of extremely strict hagwon regulations that aim to harass students.
! R131) If anything, however, the 99 percent slogan aims too low. A large fraction of the top 1 percent’s gains have actually gone to an even smaller group, the top 0.1 percent — the richest one-thousandth of the population.
(너무 통이 작다! 는 의미.)
M3. L134) Perhaps you remember this ad from Mitsubishi. It made headlines because it was aimed directly at those younger drivers.
- [intransitive, transitive] to try or plan to achieve something
M3. [transitive] if you aim something you say, write, or create at a person or group, you want them to listen to or use what you have said, written, or created
squeeze/skwiːz/
The bill aims to cut off Americans’ access to foreign pirate websites by squeezing intermediaries. Rights-holders, such as Hollywood film studios, will be able to request that a credit-card firm or advertising network stop doing business with a foreign site; or ask a search engine to take down links to the site; or ask an internet-service provider to block the site’s domain name, making it harder to reach.
R127) Poor weather, and cash-strapped growers delaying their replanting after the 2008 credit crunch, have recently squeezed production—and led to Brazil importing some American ethanol.
L93) But inflation this last year was less than 1%. In fact, we were surprised to learn a loaf of bread actually down about a dime, a half-gallon of juice down 15 cents. So why are seniors and so many others still feeling squeezed?
- 10DD2) Excuse me. Sorry, I’m late. Can I just squeeze by?
O5. [transitive] squeeze somebody/something to strictly limit or reduce the amount of money that somebody/something has or can use
M4. [transitive] to make someone have financial trouble, for example by raising prices, cutting a supply of money, or increasing competition
L6. [transitive] to strictly limit the amount of money that is available to a company or organization
- [transitive, intransitive] to force somebody/something/yourself into or through a small space
intermediary/ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri/
The bill aims to cut off Americans’ access to foreign pirate websites by squeezing intermediaries.
(여기서 intermediary는 검색 엔진, ISP, 광고 네트워크, 신용카드 회사 등등 말함.)
intermediary (between A and B) a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them [SYN] mediator, go-between
holder/ˈhoʊldər/
Rights-holders, such as Hollywood film studios, will be able to request that a credit-card firm or advertising network stop doing business with a foreign site; or ask a search engine to take down links to the site; or ask an internet-service provider to block the site’s domain name, making it harder to reach.
(often in compounds) a person who has or owns the thing mentioned
! take down, takedown
Rights-holders, such as Hollywood film studios, will be able to request that a credit-card firm or advertising network stop doing business with a foreign site; or ask a search engine to take down links to the site; or ask an internet-service provider to block the site’s domain name, making it harder to reach.
Critics of the bill say that takedown requests and court orders will swamp smaller firms and start-ups.
링크를 내리는 거를 take down이라 함.
! rebut/rɪˈbʌt/
The intermediary then has just five days to comply or rebut the complaint; after that the rights-holder can go to court.
(complaint에 대해서 그건 아니라고 조목조목 반박하는 거. 아직 잘 안 와닿음..)
rebut something (formal) to say or prove that a statement or criticism is false [SYN] refute
complaint/kəmˈpleɪnt/
The intermediary then has just five days to comply or rebut the complaint; after that the rights-holder can go to court.
(여기서 complaint는 rights-holders가 신용카드 회사에 request하거나 검색 엔진, ISP에 ask한 그런 것들을 총체적으로 말하는 듯.)
L127) Debbie Cook insists her complaint is with church leadership, not with the faith that she says she still loves.
R137) And now a scam sweeping the country. 25,000 complaints, cheating people out of $100 million just last year alone.
[uncountable] the act of complaining
go to court
take sb to court
The intermediary then has just five days to comply or rebut the complaint; after that the rights-holder can go to court.
L127) A former top official in the church is speaking out, the church denies her explosive allegations, and has taken her to court.
L. take somebody to court (=bring a legal case against someone)
rope sb-in/ rope sb into sth
This would rope intermediaries into law enforcement to an unprecedented degree, and give rights-holders exceptional power.
(중개자들을 당국에 묶어놓을 수 있게 된다. 흠 어려워!)
[usually passive] (informal) to persuade somebody to join in an activity or to help to do something, even when they do not want to
leash/liːʃ/N
O) All dogs must be kept on a leash in public places.
(especially North American English) (British English also lead) a long piece of leather, chain or rope used for holding and controlling a dog
unprecedented/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/
This would rope intermediaries into law enforcement to an unprecedented degree, and give rights-holders exceptional power.
that has never happened, been done or been known before
exceptional/ɪkˈsepʃənl/
M3. This would rope intermediaries into law enforcement to an unprecedented degree, and give rights-holders exceptional power.
- R93) Google’s confrontation with China — over government censorship in general and specific attacks on its systems — is an exceptional case, of course, extending to human rights and international politics as well as high-tech spying. But the intrusion into Google’s computers and related attacks from within China on some 30 other companies point to the rising sophistication of such assaults and the vulnerability of even the best defenses, security experts say.
M3. much more or greater than usual
O2. very unusual
critic/ˈkrɪtɪk/
- Critics of the bill say that takedown requests and court orders will swamp smaller firms and start-ups.
R138) Murray neglects this research in his book. Meanwhile, his left-wing critics in the blogosphere have reverted to crude 1970s economic determinism: It’s all the fault of lost jobs. People who talk about behavior are blaming the victim.
(Oxford 예시에 보면 Her recent achievements have silenced her critics. 즉 someone’s critic은 누구를 비판하는 사람 가리킴.)
- a person who expresses disapproval of somebody/something and talks about their bad qualities, especially publicly
! swamp/swɑːmp/V
Critics of the bill say that takedown requests and court orders will swamp smaller firms and start-ups.
O. [often passive] to make somebody have more of something than they can deal with [SYN] inundate
L. [usually in passive] to suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems etc to deal with
start-up/N
Critics of the bill say that takedown requests and court orders will swamp smaller firms and start-ups.
a company that is just beginning to operate, especially an Internet company
! smack of sth
They say that blocking entire websites via their domain name smacks of censorship, and that determined downloaders will anyway find the block easy to bypass.
On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
to seem to contain or involve a particular unpleasant quality
censorship/ˈsensərʃɪp/
They say that blocking entire websites via their domain name smacks of censorship, and that determined downloaders will anyway find the block easy to bypass.
O. [uncountable] the act or policy of censoring books, etc
M. [uncountable] the process of removing parts of books, films, letters etc that are considered unsuitable for moral, religious, or political reasons
determined/dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/
They say that blocking entire websites via their domain name smacks of censorship, and that determined downloaders will anyway find the block easy to bypass.
M. not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do
mighty/ˈmaɪti/
Two mighty coalitions have formed around SOPA.
(especially literary) very strong and powerful
! label/ˈleɪbl/N
- Supporting the bill are not only film studios and music labels, but also drug firms and other manufacturers.
- R92) “The consensus is that Ednos is ‘too big,’ meaning it is being used more frequently than is desirable, as that label does not convey much specific information,” said Dr. B. Timothy Walsh, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia who is chairman of the eating disorders work group for the new manual.
- a company that produces and sells music, CDs, etc
- (disapproving) a word or phrase that is used to describe somebody/something in a way that seems too general, unfair or not correct
manufacturer/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər/
Supporting the bill are not only film studios and music labels, but also drug firms and other manufacturers.
a person or company that produces goods in large quantities [SYN] maker
interest (in sth)
- Though SOPA itself does not affect them, they have a big interest in fighting any kind of intellectual-property infringement. On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
- R134) In hard times, it is not surprising that exchequers take an interest in such things. In Britain the Treasury estimates the total cost to the state of the various tax breaks to donors and charities will be £3.64 billion ($5.5 billion) this tax year; in America the Treasury estimates that the total cost to the federal government in 2012 of charitable tax breaks will be $39.6 billion, rising to $51.6 billion in 2014. But that is not the only reason reform should be up for debate.
- [countable, uncountable] interest (in something) a connection with something which affects your attitude to it, especially because you may benefit from it in some way
(이게 영한사전으로는 ‘이해관계’로 나오는데, 문장 보면 어느 한 쪽은 A에 interest를 가지고 있으면 다른 쪽은 B에 interest를 가지고 있음. 즉, 그 interest를 가지고 있는 것에서 뭔가 benefit을 얻어낼 수 있을 때 interest in sth이라고 하는 듯.) - [singular, uncountable] interest (in somebody/something) the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn more about somebody/something
infringement/ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt/
Though SOPA itself does not affect them, they have a big interest in fighting any kind of intellectual-property infringement.
(formal) infringe: [transitive] infringe something (of an action, a plan, etc.) to break a law or rule
investor/ɪnˈvestər/
On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
a person or an organization that invests money in something
activist/ˈæktɪvɪst/
On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
a person who works to achieve political or social change, especially as a member of an organization with particular aims
disrupt/dɪsˈrʌpt/
disruption/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/
disrupt:
On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
R35) With the help of an electric power supply, an electric current runs along the wire. Your sound waves disrupt that flow of electricity.
R138) Over the past 25 years, though, a new body of research has emerged, which should lead to new theories. This research tends to support a few common themes. First, no matter how social disorganization got started, once it starts, it takes on a momentum of its own. People who grow up in disrupted communities are more likely to lead disrupted lives as adults, magnifying disorder from one generation to the next.
disruption:
R138) Neo-conservatives had a more culturally deterministic theory. Many of them had been poor during the Depression. Economic stress had not undermined the family then. Moreover, social breakdown began in the 1960s, a time of unprecedented prosperity. They argued that the abandonment of traditional bourgeois norms led to social disruption, especially for those in fragile circumstances.
disrupt: disrupt something to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way
disruption: M1. [countable/uncountable] a situation in which something cannot continue because of a problem
dislike (of/for sb/sth)/dɪsˈlaɪk/
On the other side are internet companies, technology investors and digital activists, who share an interest in disrupting business models and a dislike for anything that smacks of old-fashioned regulation.
[uncountable, singular] dislike (of/for somebody/something) a feeling of not liking
unreliable/ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/
Constantly changing technology makes data on piracy unreliable.
that cannot be trusted or depended on [OPP] reliable
monitor/ˈmɑːnɪtər/N
Monitors struggle to distinguish the effect of deterrence from the rise of easy, cheap alternatives to piratical downloading, such as legal online music services.
- a person whose job is to check that something is done fairly and honestly, especially in a foreign country
distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/
Monitors struggle to distinguish the effect of deterrence from the rise of easy, cheap alternatives to piratical downloading, such as legal online music services.
- [intransitive, transitive] to recognize the difference between two people or things [SYN] differentiate
deterrence/dɪˈtɜːrəns/
Monitors struggle to distinguish the effect of deterrence from the rise of easy, cheap alternatives to piratical downloading, such as legal online music services.
C. [NOUN] Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat.
rise (of sb/sth)
Monitors struggle to distinguish the effect of deterrence from the rise of easy, cheap alternatives to piratical downloading, such as legal online music services.
[singular] rise (of somebody/something) the act of becoming more important, successful, powerful, etc
wage/weɪdʒ/V
But the fight against intellectual-property theft is waged hard.
to begin and continue a war, a battle, etc
resemble/rɪˈzembl/
It resembles a bit the fight against illegal drugs: clamp down in one place, and the trade sprouts elsewhere.
[no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses) resemble somebody/something to look like or be similar to another person or thing
! clamp down (on sb/sth)
It resembles a bit the fight against illegal drugs: clamp down in one place, and the trade sprouts elsewhere.
O. to take strict action in order to prevent something, especially crime
M. to make a determined attempt to stop people doing something bad or illegal
(못하도록 단속하는 것.)
sprout/spraʊt/
- It resembles a bit the fight against illegal drugs: clamp down in one place, and the trade sprouts elsewhere.
- R91) Unless the world’s richest nations come to the rescue of weakened states, the global financial crisis might sprout another leg and stop the nascent recovery in its tracks.
- [intransitive, transitive] to appear; to develop something, especially in large numbers
- [transitive, intransitive] to start to grow something; to start to grow on somebody/something
! to date
The Social Science Research Council, an American non-profit body, found in a study this year “little evidence—and indeed few claims—that enforcement efforts to date have had any impact whatsoever on the overall supply [of pirated media].”
until now
whatsoever/ˌwɒtsəʊˈevər/
The Social Science Research Council, an American non-profit body, found in a study this year “little evidence—and indeed few claims—that enforcement efforts to date have had any impact whatsoever on the overall supply [of pirated media].”
used for emphasizing a negative statement
overall/ˌoʊvərˈɔːl/adj.
The Social Science Research Council, an American non-profit body, found in a study this year “little evidence—and indeed few claims—that enforcement efforts to date have had any impact whatsoever on the overall supply [of pirated media].”
L128) Now car companies are required to give not just an overall safety rating, but a specific one for women in the front passenger seat.
R133) But when Cisco, a technology giant, was briefly worth more than $500 billion in 2000, its price-earnings ratio was above 100; Apple trades on only 22 times its 2011 profits. Its new dividend yield will be almost as generous as that of the overall market.
[only before noun] including all the things or people that are involved in a particular situation; general
! hamper/ˈhæmpər/V
With great effort, courts have closed or hampered some big “peer-to-peer” file-sharing sites (these allow users to swap files without going via a central computer).
[often passive] hamper somebody/something to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something [SYN] hinder
swap/swɑːp/V
With great effort, courts have closed or hampered some big “peer-to-peer” file-sharing sites (these allow users to swap files without going via a central computer).
[intransitive, transitive] to give something to somebody and receive something in exchange
spring up
With great effort, courts have closed or hampered some big “peer-to-peer” file-sharing sites (these allow users to swap files without going via a central computer). But others spring up in their place.
R129) Black markets have sprung up, along with a thriving petty trade across the border with China.
to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly
estimate/ˈestɪmeɪt/V
estimate/ˈestɪmət/N
V. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) estimated that music-sharing doubled between 2006 and 2008.
N. L138) Now if you think this is just the store’s problem, think again. One estimate found the typical American family spent an additional $435 last year as a result of increased shoplifting.
V. [often passive] to form an idea of the cost, size, value etc. of something, but without calculating it exactly
N1. a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of something
double/ˈdʌbl/V
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) estimated that music-sharing doubled between 2006 and 2008.
L143) They promise to double your pleasure, but now Wrigley wants to give you a kick of caffeine.
[intransitive, transitive] to become, or make something become, twice as much or as many
cyber-locker
Growing even faster, though, are cyber-lockers such as RapidShare. These let people share links to files they have uploaded to the “cloud”, the huge arrays of easily accessible servers that host all manner of data.
웹하드
array/əˈreɪ/
Growing even faster, though, are cyber-lockers such as RapidShare. These let people share links to files they have uploaded to the “cloud”, the huge arrays of easily accessible servers that host all manner of data.
- [usually singular] a group or collection of things or people, often one that is large or impressive
accessible/əkˈsesəbl/
Growing even faster, though, are cyber-lockers such as RapidShare. These let people share links to files they have uploaded to the “cloud”, the huge arrays of easily accessible servers that host all manner of data.
that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc
host/hoʊst/V
Growing even faster, though, are cyber-lockers such as RapidShare. These let people share links to files they have uploaded to the “cloud”, the huge arrays of easily accessible servers that host all manner of data.
O4. host something to store a website on a computer connected to the Internet, usually in return for payment
M4. (computing) to run websites on a computer, usually for companies
! all manner of sb/sth
Growing even faster, though, are cyber-lockers such as RapidShare. These let people share links to files they have uploaded to the “cloud”, the huge arrays of easily accessible servers that host all manner of data.
many different types of people or things
reach/riːtʃ/N
- A few such cyber-lockers (largely out of the direct reach of American justice) now have more visitors than the top peer-to-peer sites.
- L142) We have a responsibility as parents and that responsibility is when you’re using a product that can be harmful to your child, keep it out of their reach.
- [singular, uncountable] the limit to which somebody/something has the power or influence to do something
- [singular, uncountable] the distance over which you can stretch your arms to touch something; the distance over which a particular object can be used to touch something else
justice/ˈdʒʌstɪs/N
A few such cyber-lockers (largely out of the direct reach of American justice) now have more visitors than the top peer-to-peer sites.
[uncountable] the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes
! in the eyes of sb
In the eyes of rights-holders, the law seems shamefully lax.
eye: L2. [countable usually singular] a particular way of seeing, judging, or understanding something -> in the eyes of sb: according to a particular person or group
O. in sb’s eyes: (British English also to somebody’s eyes) in somebody’s opinion or according to the way that they see the situation
