SNS - Biology - Evolution

Question 1

Comparitive Anatomy

Homologous Structures

Answer 1

Same basic anatomical features and same evolutionary origin

Question 2

Comparitive Anatomy

Analogous Structures

Answer 2

Similar functions but may have different evolutionary origins and patterns of development

Question 3

Neutral Adaptations

Answer 3

Random, nonadaptive changes

Question 4

Systematics

Answer 4

Field of study that constructs and studies evolutionary relationships

Question 5

Phylogeny

Answer 5

Evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 6

Cladistics

Answer 6

Used to classify organisms based on their phylogenetic relationships

Question 7

Cladogram

Answer 7

Used to predict how an ancestor has evolved into its proposed descendents

Assume least possible number of evolutionary events

Question 8

Clade

Answer 8

Brach of a cladogram

Members of a clade possess some kind of derived characteristic that distinguises them from other clades

Question 9

Gene Frequency

Answer 9

Decimalo fraction representing the [resence of an allele for all members of a population that have this particular gene locus

p and q used for the dominant and recessive alleles of the gene locus respectively

p + q = 1

Question 10

Hardy Weinberg Equation

Answer 10

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

May be used to determine gene frequency in a large population in the absence of microevolutionary change

Question 11

Hardy Weinberg Equation

Conditions

Answer 11

1. Population is very large
2. No mutations that can chenge the gene pool
3. Mating between individuals is random
4. No net migration of individuals into or out of the population
5. Genes in a population are equally successful at reproducing

Question 12

The Founder Effect

Answer 12

Genetic drift - changes in the composition of the gene pool due to chance - tends to be more pronounced in small populations

Small change due to chance will have a greater relative effect on the population

Question 13

Deme

Answer 13

Small local population of interbreeding organisms or the same species

Members of a deme resemble each other more closely then they resemble members of other demes

Question 14

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 14

Emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species

Question 15

Convergent Evolution

Answer 15

Groups on different phylogenetic braches exposed to similar environmental conditions come to resemble one another, although they belong to different classes