SNS Biology - Classification

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Classification of organisms on the basis of evolutionary relationship

Question 2

Classification and Subdivisions

Answer 2

1. Kingdom
2. Phyla
3. Subphylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 3

Kingdoms

Answer 3

1. Viruses
2. Monera
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia

Question 4

Kingdoms

Monera

Answer 4

• Prokaryotes (Bacteria).
• May exist as single cells or aggregates.
• Lack nuclei or membrane-bound organelles but almost all have cell walls.
• Reproduce asexually
• Play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, recycling substances such as nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and sulphur

Question 5

Kingdoms

Protista

Answer 5

• Primitaive eukaryotic organisms with both plant and animal like characteristics
• Either simgle cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of specialised tissues
• Possess membrane bound nuclei and organelles
• Two major categories:

1. Protozoa - heterotrophic, eg amoeba
2. Algae - autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms eg phytoplankton

Question 6

Kingdoms

Fungi

Answer 6

• May be considered non-photosynthetic plants - multicellular, differentiated and nonmotile, although cell walls are composed of chitin not cellulose
• Heterotrophs - either saprophytic or parasitic
• Varied and unique modes of reproduction - sporulation or intricate sexual processes
• For example, yeast, mushrooms, lichens

Question 7

Kingdoms

Plantae

Answer 7

• Nonmotile, multicellular autotrophs
• Exhibit differentiation of tissues - eg photosynthetic, supportive, absorptive and vascular tissues

Divisions:

1. Bryophyta - mosses, liverworts
2. Tracheophyta - vascular plants (contain xylen and phloem) - ferns
3. Coniferophyta - cycads, pines, spruce, firs
4. Anthophyta - angiosperms (flowering plants) - monocots (eg grasses, sugar cane) and dicots (eg apple tree, carrots, buttercups)

Question 8

Kingdoms

Animalia

Characteristics

Answer 8

1. Alimentation
2. Bilateral symmetry
3. Chemical coordinating system - hormones
4. Differentiation of tissues, organs and organ systems
5. Locomotion
6. Nervous systems

Question 9

Kingdoms

Animalia

Answer 9

1. Annelida - segmented worms
2. Arthropoda - insects, arachnids, crustaceans
3. Chordates - characteristed by notochord
4. Cnidarians - hydra, jellyfish, sea anemonae, coral
5. Echinoderms - starfish, sea urchins
6. Mollusca - clams, snails, squid
7. Nematoda - round worms
8. Platyhelminthes - flatworms
9. Porifera - sponges

Question 10

Kingdoms

Animalia

Chordates

Answer 10

• Vertebrates, most advanced subphylum of chordates, include:

1. Fish
2. Amphibia
3. Reptiles
4. Birds
5. Mammals

Question 11

Kingdoms

Animalia

Chordates

Mammals

Answer 11

1. Monetremes - lay leathery eggs, have horny bills and have mammary glands eg duckbilled platypus
2. Marsupials - pouched mammals. Embryo begins development in uterus and completes development attached to niiples in addominal pouch eg kangaroo
3. Placental mammals - embryos develop fully in the uterus. Placenta attaches the embryo to the uterine wall and permits the exchange of food, O2 and waste material eg bat, whale, humans