smtg Flashcards
the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli
stimulus discrimination
strengthens or increases the behavior it follows
reinforcing stimulus
a mental representation of an environment or concept that facilitates understanding
cognitive map
naturally occurring response that follows the unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UR)
the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR)
any secondary reinforcer that is tangible, such as money or gold stars given by a teacher
Token Reinforcer
presentation of an negative consequence that causes a decrease in the behavior
punishment stimulus
timing of how often a desired response will be reinforced
Schedules of Reinforcement
add something good, behavior increases as a result
positive reinforcement
conditioned stimulus may evoke similar responses after the response as been conditioned
Stimulus Generalization
learning involving an unpleasant or harmful stimulus or reinforcer to distinguish unwanted behavior
Aversive Conditioning
add something bad, behavior decreases
positive punishment
a stimulus that individuals have been conditioned to desire through association with a primary reinforcer
Secondary Reinforcer
response is reinforced only after a specific number of responses
fixed-ratio
response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
Variable-Ratio Schedules
process of watching other then later imitating the behaviors that were observed
Observational Learning
response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed
Fixed-Interval Schedules
response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Variable-Interval Schedules
a classic study by Albert
Bandura in which children viewed a film of an adult violently hitting an inflatable “Bobo” doll and then were allowed to play with the doll. The children showed aggression toward the doll, demonstrating the power of observational learning
Bobo Doll Experiment
sudden realization of the problem’s solution that “just came to you” (Kohler)
Insight Learning