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kms Flashcards

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1
Q

bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres it’s like the pathway. Messages move from one side of the brain to the other

A

Corpus callosum

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2
Q

this hemisphere specializes in any kind of thoughts requiring analysis

A

left hemisphere

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3
Q

this hemisphere specializes in more widespread processing

A

Right hemisphere

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4
Q

Sleep disorder caused by breathing interruptions during sleep

A

sleep apnea

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5
Q

neurological sleep disorder with irregular sleep patterns and the inability to controland regulates sleep and wakefulness

A

narcolepsy

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6
Q

sleep disorder also known as sleepwalking

A

Somnambulism

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7
Q

drugs that affect the chemical and physical functioning of the brain altering perception and behavior of the user

A

psychoactive drugs

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8
Q

mimic Neurotransmitters

A

agonist

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9
Q

Block Neurotransmitters

A

antagonist

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10
Q

slow the activity of the central nervous system

A

depressants

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11
Q

depresses the area of the brain that controls judgment and inhibition

A

Alcohol

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12
Q

drugs that dull the senses and relieve pain, also called oploids

A

narcotics

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13
Q

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

stimulants

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14
Q

drugs that alter mood, distort perceptions, and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

hallucinogens

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15
Q

Conduct a groundbreaking research with Gazzaniga on split brain patients, helped improve understanding of brain lateralization

A

Roger Sperry

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16
Q

cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research with Sperry on split brain patients

A

Michael Gazzaniga

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17
Q

founder of functionalism who maintained that psychology should aim to understand how consciousness helps organisms adapt to their environments

A

William James

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18
Q

founder of psychoanalysis. His approach to therapy included dream interpretation which he believed could reveal insights about the unconscious mind

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

The influence of genetics and brain chemistry (physical and biological processes)

A

Biological

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20
Q

mental processes exist because they serve an evolution purpose, they aid in survival and reproduction

A

Evolutionary

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21
Q

lobe of the brain: voluntary movement/ higher order cognitive processes

A

Frontal lobe

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22
Q

lobe of the brain: integrates perceptions from different senses

A

parental lobe

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23
Q

lobe of the brain: vision

A

occipital lobe

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24
Q

lobe of the brain: sense of hearing/ meaningful speech

A

temporal lobe 

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25
Q

One of two symmetrical halves (left and right) of the brain, specialized for particular functions

A

Hemispheres

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26
Q

the localization of some functions in one of the two hemispheres

A

Lateralization

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27
Q

pathway that connects two hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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28
Q

autonomic responses; including breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

A

medulla

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29
Q

what does medulla do

A

responses to breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

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30
Q

Regulates motor coordination

A

cerebellum

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31
Q

regulates variety of drives (hunger, thirst, sexual arousal and temperature)

A

Hypothalamus

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32
Q

Formation of long term movements

A

hippocampus

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33
Q

involved with fear, aggression, and other emotions

A

amygdala

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34
Q

A.k.a. fear Center

A

amygdala

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35
Q

transfers information between the cerebellum and other parts of the brain

A

pons

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36
Q

contributes to attention and conscious state by filtering incoming stimuli and selectively relaying information

A

Reticular formation

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37
Q

Relays signals from other parts of the brain to the cerebral cortex and regulates sleep, and consciousness

A

Thalamus

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38
Q

The wrinkled surface of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

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39
Q

largest part of the human brain

A

Cerebral cortex

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40
Q

This regulates emotions and drives; consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and other structures

A

The limbic system

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41
Q

is the brains ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain

A

Neuroplasticity

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42
Q

The process to create new neurons

A

neurogenesis

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43
Q

Is the two hemispheres of the brain and it can’t communicate with each side

A

Split brain

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44
Q

Who researched split brain

A

Sperry and Gazzaniga

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45
Q

Region in the frontal lobe of a person’s dominant hemisphere that controls speech production

A

Brocas area

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46
Q

region in the temporal lobe of a person’s dominant hemisphere that controls speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

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47
Q

voluntary movement

A

motor cortex

48
Q

recieves and processes sensory information

A

somatosensory cortex

49
Q

body’s communication network

A

the nervous system

50
Q

brain and the spine

A

central nervous system

51
Q

sensory nerves outside brain/spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system

52
Q

Voluntary movement from your brain to your muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

53
Q

involuntary and unconscious actions (breathing, blood pumping, etc)

A

autonomic nervous system

54
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system activated during the “fight or flight”response to stress

A

sympathetic nervous system

55
Q

part of the autonomic nervous system activated during the “rest and digest” response to non-stressful situations

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

56
Q

An automatic involuntary response to a particular response

A

reflex

57
Q

Part of the neuron that receives messages

A

Dendrites

58
Q

Part of the neuron that keeps the neuron functional

A

Soma

59
Q

part of the neuron that protect nerve and speeds up messages

A

Myelin Sheath

60
Q

Part of the neuron that carries messages

A

axon

61
Q

part of the neuron that sends signals

A

axon terminals

62
Q

action potential “firing”

A

Neuron sends information

63
Q

resting potential

A

Neuron is charged and ready to fire

64
Q

All or none principle

A

neuron fires at full strength or not at all

65
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Neuro transmitters

66
Q

cause neurons to fire (more action potential)

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

67
Q

prevent neurons from firing (less action potentials)

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

68
Q

Movement and memory

A

acetylcholine

69
Q

mood

A

serotonin

70
Q

Pleasure chemical of the brain

A

Dopamine

71
Q

response to danger “ fight or flight”

A

norepinephrine

72
Q

calming the central nervous system

A

GABA

73
Q

thinking, memory, learning

A

Glutamate

74
Q

relieve pain and stress, feelings of pleasure/euphoria

A

Endorphins

75
Q

sensory neuron, sensory input to the spinal cord into the brain

A

Afferent neuron

76
Q

Motor neurons carry signals away from central nervous system to initiate an action

A

efferent neuron

77
Q

middleman between the afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneuron

78
Q

studied speech disorders. Region of the cerebrum responsible for speech comprehension named after him

A

Carl Wernicke

79
Q

System of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to maintain the bodies homeostasis

A

Endocrine system

80
Q

Chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream

A

hormones

81
Q

Endocrine organs that produce and secrete hormones

A

Glands

82
Q

The primary gland in the endocrine system regulated by the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

83
Q

produces and secretes hormones that regulate metabolism; found in the neck

A

Thyroid gland

84
Q

produces and secretes stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine cadrenaline

A

adrenal gland

85
Q

Device that uses electrodes on the scalp to detect and record the brain waves

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

86
Q

uses magnetic fields and ratio waves to produce high resolution images of brain structure

A

MRI

87
Q

Measures blood oxygen levels to determine brain functions

A

Functional MRI (FMRI)

88
Q

Uses a radioactive dye injected into the bloodstream to detect neurological activity

A

pet scan

89
Q

use x-rays to create 3-D images of brain structure

A

CT scan

90
Q

genetics

A

nature

91
Q

nurture

A

environment

92
Q

Research design that investigates the traits of identical and fraternal twins to determine the extent to which traits are genetically or environmentally controlled

A

Twin study

93
Q

extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait across several people can be accounted for by differences in their genes

A

heritability

94
Q

The process by which fitter organism are able to genetically outcomplete others of their species by living longer and having more offspring

A

natural selection

95
Q

evolved traits that are well suited to a particular environment

A

Adaptations

96
Q

is a state of being aware of your environment and your own mental activity

A

Consciousness

97
Q

all the things within one’s awareness at the present moment

A

Conscious level

98
Q

Body’s automatic biological processes, like breathing and heartbeat which are controlled by brain but outside consciousness

A

Non-conscious level

99
Q

when exposure to a stimulus beneath conscious awareness influences a response to other stimuli

A

priming

100
Q

A period of dreamless sleep

A

NREM sleep

101
Q

Period of sleep that is most associated with dreaming

A

REM sleep

102
Q

another name for REM sleep, due to the contradictory way in which the brain is active but the body is at rest

A

Paradoxical sleep

103
Q

burst of neural activity that take place in stage two of NREM sleep and may be important for memory consolidation

A

sleep spindles

104
Q

stages three and four of NREM sleep, the deepest stages of sleep. When the neural activity and brain waves are slowest

A

Slow wave sleep

105
Q

The actual events and imagery within a dream, according to Freud, serves to mask the unconscious thoughts and desires of the dreamer

A

manifest content

106
Q

The unconscious thoughts and desires underlying the manifest content of dreamers

A

latent content

107
Q

theory that dreams are the brain’s interpretations of the neural activity during REM sleep

A

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

108
Q

dreaming is a way for the brain to deal with stress

A

information-processing theory

109
Q

sleep disorders that causes the sleeper to wake from NREM sleep suddenly weird feelings of extreme fear, agitation are dread

A

Night terrors

110
Q

Sleep disorder marked by difficulty falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

111
Q

The lowest segment of the brain. Primarily involved in the regulation of basic bodily functions and consisting of the cerebellum, medulla, pons and reticular formation

A

hindbrain

112
Q

The middle segment of the brain, involved with motor control, vision, hearing, arousal, sleep temperature regulation, and the transmission of sensory information

A

Midbrain

113
Q

The highest segment of the brain, consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebrum

A

forebrain

114
Q

speech disorder

A

wernicke’s aphasia

115
Q

aka master gland

A

pituitary gland

ap psych (7 decks)

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