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1
Q

maladaptive actions or cognitive processes that defy social norms

A

abnormal behavior

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2
Q

late twentieth-century movement to release large numbers of asylum patients and reintegrate them into their communities

A

deinstitutionalization

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3
Q

the diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association, used to categorize and diagnose psychological disorders

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

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4
Q

can’t prescribe meds, but supports people through psychotherapy

A

psychologist

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5
Q

can prescribe meds, identify
disorders/diagnose, generally works inside hospitals

A

psychiatrist

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6
Q

maintains that abnormal behaviors are symptoms of an underlying disease

A

medical model

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7
Q

maintains that abnormal behaviors are caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts

A

psychoanalytic model

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8
Q

views psychological disorders as temporary impediments to self-actualization that result from unsatisfied needs

A

humanistic model

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9
Q

maintains that abnormal behaviors result from faulty beliefs and maladaptive emotional responses

A

cognitive model

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10
Q

maintains that psychological disorders result from imbalances in brain chemistry and other biological causes, including heredity and evolution

A

biological model

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11
Q

maintains that psychological disorders are culturally specific and caused by a variety of social and cultural factors

A

sociocultural model

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12
Q

maintains that abnormal behaviors are the products of learning, just like any other behaviors

A

behavioral model

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13
Q

generally defined as Deviant, Distressing, Dysfunctional,
Dangerous

A

abnormal behavior

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14
Q

Experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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15
Q

Anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks

A

panic disorder

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16
Q

Intense, irrational fear responses to specific stimuli

A

specific phobia

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17
Q

Compound disorder of thought and behavior

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

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18
Q

are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that an individual cannot get out of his or her mind

A

obsessions

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19
Q

are ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly

A

compulsions

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20
Q

Result of some trauma experienced by the victim. Victims re-experience the traumatic event in nightmares about the event, or flashbacks in which they relieve the event

A

posttraumatic stress disorder

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21
Q

Mood swings alternating between periods of major depression and mania

A

bipolar disorder

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22
Q

Involves intense depressed mood, reduced interest or pleasure in activities, loss of energy, and problems in making decisions for a minimum of 2 weeks

A

major depressive disorder

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23
Q

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness about other people’s motives, individual thinks that others are out to threaten, betray, exploit, or harm

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder “Accusatory

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24
Q

Characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder “Aloof”

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25
Q

Characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder “Awkward”

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26
Q

Characterized by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people’s rights (closely linked to criminal behavior)

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

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27
Q

Characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

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28
Q

Characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality (dramatic) and attention seeking

A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

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29
Q

Characterized by a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

A

narcissistic personality disorder

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30
Q

Characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation/potential rejection, humanilitation

A

avoidant personality disorder

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31
Q

Characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of

A

dependent personality disorder

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32
Q

Characterized by an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency

A

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

33
Q

Disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both

A

ADHD

34
Q

Disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities

A

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

35
Q

Disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average

A

intellectual disability (ID)

36
Q

Fatal degenerative disease in which brain neurons progressively die, characterized by loss of memory, reasoning, emotion, and control of bodily functions

A

alzheimers disease

37
Q

Life-threatening eating disorder that involves intense fear of weight gain or becoming overweight, distorted perception of one’s weight/body shape, persistent restriction of caloric intake

A

Anorexia Nervosa (Anorexia)

38
Q

increasing cognitive misperception of being overweight despite evidence to the contrary

A

body dysmorphia

39
Q

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors for the intake of food, such as purging

A

Bulimia Nervosa (Bulimia)

40
Q

Uncontrollably eating a large amount of food in a short period of time; after a bingeing episode a person will not purge and will feel an extreme sense of guilt

A

binge eating disorder

41
Q

Characterized by physical symptoms including pain, and high anxiety in these individuals about having a disease

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SDD)

42
Q

Characterized by a preoccupation with a serious medical or health condition with either no or mild physical (somatic) symptoms such as nausea or dizziness that has persisted for 6 months

A

Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)

43
Q

Characterized by loss of some bodily function without physical damage to the affected organs or their neural connections

A

conversion disorder

44
Q

Loss of memory for a traumatic event or period of time that is too painful for an individual to remember

A

dissociative disorder

45
Q

Rare mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociated personality states that recurrently control a person’s behavior

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

46
Q

Psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities

A

schizophrenia

47
Q

High fluctuation of levels of dopamine can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms

A

dopamine hypothesis

48
Q

the categories of disorders recognized by the DSM, used to diagnose patients

A

diagnostic labels

49
Q

Experiment underscoring the way that diagnostic labels can bias people’s perceptions of patients; hospital staff did not recognize that pseudopatients with a diagnosis of mental illness were in fact health

A

rosenhan experiment

50
Q

the obligation not to disclose particular kinds of information, including mental health information, except in limited cases, Mandated in the U.S. by HIPAA

A

confidentiali

51
Q

immunity from legal responsibility due to an inability to tell the difference between right and wrong; a legal category, not a psychiatric one

A

insanity

52
Q

an ongoing relationship between a patient and a therapist, in which the two discuss the patient’s experiences and symptoms

A

psychotherapy

53
Q

when a mental health professional prescribes a drug for a patient to alleviate psychological distress

A

pharmacological treatment

54
Q

Exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly

A

flooding

55
Q

Developed by Joseph Wolpe, a client makes a list of fears and then learns to relax while concentrating on these fears

A

Systematic Desensitization

56
Q

Pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced

A

aversion therapy

57
Q

Behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items

A

token economy

58
Q

Mind-body technique that involves using visual or auditory feedback to gain control over involuntary bodily functions

A

biofeedback

59
Q

Mind-body technique that involves using visual or auditory feedback to gain control over involuntary bodily functions

A

biofeedback

60
Q

a humanistic therapy that maintains that psychological distress occurs when patients focus on what could be, rather than on the present moment; developed by Fritz Perls

A

gestalt therapy

61
Q

automatic and irrational perceptions of the world that contribute to feelings of anxiety or depression

A

cognitive distortions

62
Q

a deeply held belief that guides an individual’s thoughts

A

core beliefs

63
Q

a cognitive therapy technique that requires patients to challenge irrational beliefs and replace them with more realistic ones

A

cognitive restructuring

64
Q

Human emotions and behavior are predominantly generated by ideas, beliefs, attitudes and thinking

A

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists

65
Q

Developed in 1950s by Albert Ellis, psychological problems arise when thoughts are irrational and lead to behavioral consequences that are distressful

A

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

66
Q

Researched by Aaron Beck, based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together

A

Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

67
Q

strategies to cultivate a state of
conscious awareness

A

mindfulness

68
Q

The primary focus of
psychodynamic therapy is to uncover the unconscious content of a client’s psyche in order to alleviate psychic tension

A

psychoanalysis

69
Q

The client spontaneously reports thoughts, feelings, and mental images that come to mind (no censorship)

A

free association

70
Q

The patient’s conscious or unconscious attempt to block disturbing memories, motives, and experiences (sensitive material)

A

resistance “mental blocks”

71
Q

The process by which a patient projects or transfers unresolved conflicts and feelings onto the therapist

A

transference

72
Q

the most popular
humanistic therapy, which views patients as “clients” and focuses on authenticity and healthy self-concept

A

client-centered therapy

73
Q

Regard, allow client to steer the direction of the therapy, clients have value

A

unconditional positive

74
Q

therapist listens to client,
paraphrasing what the client says, prevents advice or judgements

A

active listening

75
Q

Elevate mood by affecting neurotransmitters such as serotonin that are linked to depression

A

antidepressant drugs

76
Q

blocks the reuptake of serotonin

A

SSRI

77
Q

A biological
treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient’s forehead

A

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

78
Q

an invasive biomedical treatment that delivers electric shocks to the brain directly through an implanted electrode sometimes used for severe OCD

A

deep brian stimulation

ap psych (7 decks)

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