finally abt to end Flashcards
Developed the _____-Lange theory of emotion, along with Carl Lange, which proposes that emotions occur because of physiological reactions to events
william james
Known for his systematic, scientific study of sexual behavior, developed ____ Scale to describe sexual orientation
alfred kinsey
developed a theory of motivation called the hierarchy of needs
abraham maslow
developed the two-factor theory of emotion
stanley schachter
developed the general adaptation syndrome model
hans selye
pioneering the study of emotion and stress, emphasizing the role of cognitive appraisal in understanding human reactions
Richard Lazarus
known for his groundbreaking research on the neural mechanisms of emotion, particularly the amygdala’s role in fear processing
Joseph LeDoux
Universal emotional expressions, “facial language” believed everyone recognized 7 basic emotions
Paul Ekman
psychoanalyst who disagreed with Freud over the importance of sexual drives in personality, originated concept of inferiority complex
alfred adler
social cognitive theorist who proposed reciprocal determinism, idea that thoughts, beliefs, and environment all interact with and change each other
albert bandura
expanded and reorganized the PEN trait model into the big Five or OCEAN model of personality traits
Paul Costa & Robert McCrae
founder of psychoanalysis who developed the structural model, which states that the mind is made up of the id, ego, and superego
sigmund freud
psychoanalyst who stated that the unconscious mind can be divided into the personal and collective conscious, the latter of which contains archetypes
carl jung
believes free-will will lead to self actualization. As long as you have one person in your life that will give you unconditional positive regard, you can reach self actualization
carl rogers
Emphasizes behavior is determined by your past experiences that are left in the unconscious mind and childhood experiences
psychodynamic
Human capacity for choice and growth, motivation for people to fulfill their potential
humanistic
The influence of genetics and brain chemistry (physical & biological processes)
biological
Links between genetics and environment
biopsychosocial
“The Evolutionary Perspective” People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily/genetically programmed to do so with survival instincts
instinct theory
We are pulled into action
by—positive or negative— outside incentives
incentive theory
Increased arousal can help improve performance, but only up to a certain point. At the point when arousal becomes excessive, performance diminishes
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Abraham suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation
self-efficacy
Most of the biological feeling of hunger comes from this brain structure
hypothalamus
The “on” button for eating. If stimulated, causes you to feel hunger
lateral hypothalamus “hungry”
The “off” button for eating. when stimulated, makes you feel full
Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) “Full”
Behavior that is driven by internal rewards (autonomy, mastery, purpose)
Intrinsic Motivation
Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise
extrinsic motivation
phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action
overjustification effect
Conflict within a person where he or she needs to decide between two appealing goals
approach-approach conflict
Making a decision between two equally undesirable choices
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Conflict involves making decisions about situations that have both positive and negative consequences
approach-avoidance conflict