Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 - PMHP > smoking cessation > Flashcards

smoking cessation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the prevalence of smoking in adults

A
  • uk = 14.1%
  • Scotland 19%
  • quite even between males and females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is smoking influenced by deprivation

A
  • SIMD1 = 27%

SIMD5 = 9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the prevalence of smoking in young peopl

A
  • very low for 13-15 in Scotland
  • 2% 13 y/o and 7% 15 y/o
  • 17% of children under 16 report exposure to smoke in the home
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the age of purchase

A
  • rose from 16 to 18
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what effects can smoking have on dental health

A
  • oral cancer, periodontal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the different advice on quitting

A
  • very brief advice (VBA) = 1minute
  • brief advice = 3-10 minutes and can include 5 A’s
  • detailed advice = up to 30 mins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what advice do dentists give

A
  • usually don’t have much time

- usually give either VBA or brief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 A’s of public health England

A
  • very brief
  • Ask = establish and record smoking status
  • Advise = on personal benefits or quitting
  • Act = offer help and sign post to local stop smoking services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 5 A’s

A
  • brief
  • Ask
  • Advise
  • Assess
  • Assist
  • Arrange follow ups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some things to ask patient

A
  • about smoking status
  • no. of cigs smoked a day, no. of years a smoker
  • age started
  • what products used
  • quitting history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is Pack Years

A
  • 1 pack (20) a day = 1 pack year

- 10 cigarettes a day for 10 years = 5 pack years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many cigarettes in a pack

A
  • 20
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can you act

A
  • depends on what is available locally
  • specialist services /pharmacy services
  • up to the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

are specialist services good for advice

A
  • tend to have better outcomes as they are more trained

- get greater success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are pharmacy services good for advice

A
  • have greater reach, accessibility
  • lots of people go there
  • glasgow has quite a bit pharmacy service
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you refer patient electronically

A
  • TrakCare
  • new request
  • other
  • smoking cessation services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the oral side effects of tobacco

A
  • cause oral cancer, potentially malignant lesions
  • periodontal disease
  • increase dental treatment risks and problems
  • have significantly higher medical risks, compromised health and more days of illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how much more likely are smokers than non-smokers to get oral cancer

A
  • 2-4 times
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how much more likely are smokes than non-smokers to get periodontal disease

A
  • 2-6 times
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the prevalence of oral cancer

A
  • more men than women, but ratio is decreasing
  • links with deprivation
  • risk depends on age, genetics and exposure to risk factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the aetiology of oral cancer

A
  • tobacco and alcohol are main determinants
  • a diet in ACE vitamins thought to be protective
  • sunlight
  • pre-existing mucosal abnormalities
  • HPV, younger age groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is leukoplakia

A
  • a white patch that cannot be rubbed off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the chances of smokers getting leukoplakia

A
  • can occur 6 times more in smokers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why are smokers more likely to get leukoplakia

A
  • when you smoke, what’s in the tobacco pools at the floor of the mouth
  • makes that area more subject to the toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the malignant transformation rate of leukoplakia

A
  • varies

- 0.6-30%

26
Q

what is erythroplakia

A
  • patient has a long history of chronic white and red lesions of soft palate more likely for malignant transformation than white patches
27
Q

how is smoking and periodontal disease associated

A
  • smoking is associated with increased rates of alveolar bone loss, attachment loss and pocket formation
  • 40% of chronic periodontitis
  • has a masking effect on gingival symptoms of inflammation = bleed less on probing
28
Q

how does smoking affect implants

A
  • failure rate of implants in smokers is at least 2 times that of non-smokers
  • implants are more likely to fail in the maxilla
29
Q

how else can tobacco affect the oral cavity

A
  • staining of teeth, dentures etc.
  • nicotinic stomatitis = smokers palate
  • smokers melanosis = pigmentation
  • blak hairy tongue
  • aphthae tend to be less common
  • extractions take longer to heal
30
Q

how is the black hairy tongue caused

A
  • by nicotine staining papilla on the tongue
31
Q

why do people smoke

A
  • enjoyment
  • keep weight down
  • help concentrate
  • relieve boredom
  • socialise
  • cope with stress
32
Q

how does smoking keep weight down

A
  • nicotine is an appetite suppressant
33
Q

what are some withdrawal symptoms

A
  • cravings
  • sweating
  • nausea/abdominal cramps
  • headaches
  • coughing
  • sore throat
  • insomnia
  • difficulty concentrating
  • anxiety
  • irritability
  • depression
  • weight gain
  • tingling in hands/feet
  • nicotine dependance
34
Q

what is nicotine dependance

A
  • a chronic relapsing disease defined as a compulsive craving to use the drug despite harmful consequences
35
Q

how does a smoker exhibit tolerance

A
  • the more you smoke, the more you need to get the ‘hit’ from the cigarette
36
Q

is nicotine harmful to health

A
  • no

- it is the addictive element but it is not harmful to health

37
Q

how many smokeless tobacco products are there

A
  • roughly 30 now
38
Q

what are the health risks of smokeless tobacco

A
  • will vary
  • can have 100 times the tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) than a cigarettes
  • higher TSNA is worse
39
Q

what is Snus

A
  • illegal to buy in UK
  • moist powder tobacco
  • placed under upper lip, can cause recession
  • recession around upper incisors
  • less lethal than tobacco
  • Sweden
40
Q

what are Skoal Bandits

A
  • illegal to buy in UK
  • american
  • dipping tobacco, moist
  • less lethal than tobacco
41
Q

what is Shisha/Hookah

A
  • hookah operated by a water filtration and direct heat

- scented tobacco is crumbled into the bowl

42
Q

how much more CO and nicotine do you get from a hookah than a cigarette

A
  • from a single 45 minute session, double CO and triples nicotine exposure
  • equivalent to 10 cigarettes
43
Q

what are the health risks of hookah

A
  • TB airborne transmission
  • hepatitis A
  • helicobacter pylori
  • pulmonary aspergillosis = pipe sharing
  • not a safe alternative to cigarettes
44
Q

what are the different types of nicotine replacement therapy

A
  • patches, gum, inhalers, nasal spray, lozenges, microtabs, oral strips, varenicline (Champix), bupropion (zyban), e-cigs
45
Q

what is NRT used for

A
  • to deal with withdrawal symptoms

- increases success of quitting

46
Q

how much more effective is quitting with NRT

A
  • increases success by 50-70%
47
Q

what are some side effects of NRT

A
  • skin irritation

- oral irritation

48
Q

how does Champix increase chance of quitting

A
  • 2-3 times increase chances of quitting compared to willpower alone
49
Q

what is the most reported side effects of Champix

A
  • nausea

- people on champion need to be monitored

50
Q

which produces better quit rates, champix or zybsn

A
  • Champix
51
Q

who should use e-cigarettes

A
  • ex smokers or current smokers

- non-smokers should not

52
Q

are e-cigs safer than cigarettes

A
  • yes

- but the long term affects of them are unknown as they are so new

53
Q

what is vaping

A
  • the act of inhaling and exhaling the water vapour produced by an electronic device
  • e-liquid in gaseous form
54
Q

what is in the liquid of e-cigs

A
  • propylene glycol
  • vegetable glycerine
  • natural artificial flavourings
  • nicotine level
55
Q

what is propylene glycol

A
  • thinner more flavour, throat hit

- in asthma inhalers

56
Q

what is vegetable glycerine

A
  • thicker, big clouds, smooth

- cough medicine

57
Q

what are the different levels of nicotine

A
  • 0%
  • 1.5/0.15%
  • 3 mg/ml
  • 6 mg/ml
  • 12 mg/ml
  • 18 mg/ml
58
Q

what is second hand smoke

A
  • term for smoke that non-smokers are exposed to
59
Q

what is mainstream smoke

A
  • what smokers inhale then exhale
60
Q

what is side stream smoke

A
  • wafts off the end of a lit cigarette
  • 88% of smoke
  • contains more carcinogens
61
Q

what is third-hand smoke

A
  • carcinogen laden residue that builds up on surfaces

BDS3 - PMHP (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions