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BDS3 - PMHP > epidemiology 3 > Flashcards

epidemiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of epidemiology

A
  • measurement of amount and distribution of disease, and natural history of disease
  • study of causes/determinants of diseases
  • asses people’s risk of disease
  • development of preventive programmes
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2
Q

what is epidemiology

A
  • descriptive
  • analytical
  • intervention
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3
Q

what is prevalence

A
  • number of disease cases in a population at a given time

- = (number of affected individuals)/(total number of persons in population)

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4
Q

what is prevalence good for measuring

A
  • chronic diseases
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5
Q

what can prevalence do

A
  • relate attributes to absence/presence of disease

- development of a hypothesis

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6
Q

what is incidence

A
  • number of new disease cases developing over a specific period of time in a defined population
  • = (number of new cases of disease in a period of time)/(number of individuals in the population at risk)
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7
Q

what is incidence good for measuring

A
  • cancer
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8
Q

what is distribution

A
  • how common is X

- based on = time, place, person OR, when, where and who

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9
Q

why do we need epidemiological indices

A
  • to measure disease an appropriate index is needed
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10
Q

what are the properties of an ideal epidemiological index

A
  • clear, unambiguous, objective not subjective
  • correspond with clinically important stages of disease
    indicate treatment need
  • within the ability of examiners
  • reproducible
  • not time-consuming
  • acceptable to patient
  • amenable to statistical analysis
  • allow comparison with other studies
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11
Q

what is the DMF index

A
  • for permanent teeth
  • DMFT = decayed, missing and filled teeth = 0-32
  • DMFS = decayed, missing and filled surfaces = 0-148
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12
Q

what is the dmf index

A
  • for deciduous teeth
  • dmft = decayed, missing and filled teeth = 0-20
  • ‘e’ is indicated for extraction or exfoliated tooth
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13
Q

what does D3MFT/d3mft or D1MFT/d1mft mean

A
  • d1 = decay into enamel

- d3 = decayed into dentine

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14
Q

what is extensive decay mean

A
  • lesion is into the pulp
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15
Q

what is moderate decay

A
  • clinically detectable lesions into dentine

- clinically detectable cavities limited to enamel

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16
Q

what is initial decay

A
  • clinically detectable enamel lesions with intact surfaces
17
Q

what is very early decay

A
  • small lesions detectable only with additional diagnostic aids
  • sub-clinical initial lesions in a dynamic state of progression/regression
18
Q

what are the limitations of the DMF/dmf index

A
  • teeth are extracted for reasons other than caries
  • influenced by access
  • difficulty in differentiating fissure-sealant from restorations
  • influenced by past disease activity
  • cannot be used for root caries
19
Q

what does D/DMF give you

A
  • indication of treatment need
20
Q

what does F/DMF give you

A
  • indication of treatment provision

- the ‘care’ index

21
Q

what does M/DMF give you

A
  • indication of treatment failure
22
Q

what is NDIP

A
  • national dental inspection programme
23
Q

what is detailed NDIP

A
  • epidemiology

- high level planning.evaluation of interventions

24
Q

what is basic NDIP

A
  • monitoring
  • targeting interventions
  • informing parents/children oral health status and need for dental services
25
Q

who gets a detailed NDIP and who gets basic

A
  • every child must have basic

- alternate yearly between P1 and P7 for detailed

26
Q

what is the average dmft

A
  • around 1 now
27
Q

what is the average percentage of children with decay

A
  • around 45%

- dmft = 4-5

28
Q

what do adult dental health surveys measure

A
  • total tooth loss, number of teeth and infection
  • condition of natural teeth, restorative treatment and supporting structures
  • social and behavioural characteristics and oral health
  • trends in tooth loss and the condition of natural teeth
  • dental attitudes and reported behaviour
  • reports by country
29
Q

how is periodontal disease measured

A
  • plaque indices = debris index, plaque index
  • gingivitis indices = modified gingival index, Lorene index
  • periodontitis indices = CPITN/BPE

BDS3 - PMHP (14 decks)

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