smoking Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Name some diseases that smoking increases the risk of:

A
  • types of cancer eg lung cancer
  • emphysema
  • chest infections
  • smokers cough
  • chronic bronchitis
  • high blood pressure
  • strokes
  • CHD coronary heart disease
  • COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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2
Q

Nicotine does what to the body?

A
  • is highly addictive
  • narrows blood vessels
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3
Q

Tar does what to the body?

A
  • is carcinogenic
  • damages the cilia in the lungs and trachea, which prevent dust and bacteria from reaching the lungs and sweep mucus towards the mouth, clearing the trachea. -> damage causes chest infections
  • tar irritates the BRONCHI and BRONCHIOLES, which causes more mucus to be produced by goblet cells -> damaged cilia cannot clear it -> chronic bronchitis & smokers cough (attempt to move mucus)
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4
Q

Carbon monoxide does what to the body?

A

binds irreversibly to the haemoglobin reducing capacity to carry oxygen -> strains breathing system and heart rate increases -> blood pressure increases -> this damages artery walls -> formation of blood clots is more likely -> can lead to coronary heart disease/heart attacks

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5
Q

Tobacco smoke contains..?

A

carcinogens

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6
Q

Name the effects of smoking whilst pregnant on the baby.

A

More likely to:
- miscarry
- birth defects
- (the baby has) respiratory infections and asthma

  • the long-term physical growth and intellectual development of the baby/child is affected
  • lower body weight
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7
Q

Emphysema summary
Explain everything you know about emphysema.

A
  • The breakdown of alveoli reduces the surface area for gas exchange because the alveoli flattens
  • makes breathing difficult as the rate of gas exchanged is reduced

Additional Info:
- Emphysema develops as a result of frequent infection, phagocytes that enter the lungs release elastase, an enzyme that breaks down the elastic fibres in the alveoli
- This means the alveoli become less elastic and cannot stretch so many burst

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8
Q

Explain what occurs in the body when someone has COPD

A
  • smoking damages the bronchioles
    and can eventually destroy many of the alveoli in the lungs
  • the airways become inflamed and
    mucus, which normally traps particles in the lungs, builds up
  • the patient becomes breathless, and finds it more and more difficult to obtain the oxygen required for
    respiration
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9
Q

Is COPD curable?

A

No the damage done is permanent

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