smoking

Question 1

Name some diseases that smoking increases the risk of:

Answer 1

• types of cancer eg lung cancer
• emphysema
• chest infections
• smokers cough
• chronic bronchitis
• high blood pressure
• strokes
• CHD coronary heart disease
• COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 2

Nicotine does what to the body?

Answer 2

• is highly addictive
• narrows blood vessels

Question 3

Tar does what to the body?

Answer 3

• is carcinogenic
• damages the cilia in the lungs and trachea, which prevent dust and bacteria from reaching the lungs and sweep mucus towards the mouth, clearing the trachea. -> damage causes chest infections
• tar irritates the BRONCHI and BRONCHIOLES, which causes more mucus to be produced by goblet cells -> damaged cilia cannot clear it -> chronic bronchitis & smokers cough (attempt to move mucus)

Question 4

Carbon monoxide does what to the body?

Answer 4

binds irreversibly to the haemoglobin reducing capacity to carry oxygen -> strains breathing system and heart rate increases -> blood pressure increases -> this damages artery walls -> formation of blood clots is more likely -> can lead to coronary heart disease/heart attacks

Question 5

Tobacco smoke contains..?

Answer 5

carcinogens

Question 6

Name the effects of smoking whilst pregnant on the baby.

Answer 6

More likely to:
- miscarry
- birth defects
- (the baby has) respiratory infections and asthma

• the long-term physical growth and intellectual development of the baby/child is affected
• lower body weight

Question 7

Emphysema summary
Explain everything you know about emphysema.

Answer 7

• The breakdown of alveoli reduces the surface area for gas exchange because the alveoli flattens
• makes breathing difficult as the rate of gas exchanged is reduced

Additional Info:
- Emphysema develops as a result of frequent infection, phagocytes that enter the lungs release elastase, an enzyme that breaks down the elastic fibres in the alveoli
- This means the alveoli become less elastic and cannot stretch so many burst

Question 8

Explain what occurs in the body when someone has COPD

Answer 8

• smoking damages the bronchioles
  and can eventually destroy many of the alveoli in the lungs
• the airways become inflamed and
  mucus, which normally traps particles in the lungs, builds up
• the patient becomes breathless, and finds it more and more difficult to obtain the oxygen required for
  respiration

Question 9

Is COPD curable?

Answer 9

No the damage done is permanent