section 1 - the nature and variety of organisms

Question 1

characteristics of living organisms

Answer 1

1. NUTRITION
2. RESPIRATION
3. EXCRETION
4. RESPONSE (to their surroundings)
5. MOVEMENT
6. HOMEOSTASIS (control of their internal conditions
7. REPRODUCTION
8. GROWTH

Question 2

levels of organisation

Answer 2

organelles –> cells –> tissues –> organs –> organ systems —> organism

Question 3

embryonic cells are not…

Answer 3

specialised

Question 4

embryonic cells become specialised by …

Answer 4

cell differentiation - the process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 5

embryonic cells are also known as

Answer 5

stem cells - undifferentiated cells

Question 6

adults have stem cells where?

Answer 6

in bone marrow

Question 7

in bone marrow they can only become

Answer 7

blood cells eg treating leukemia

Question 8

stem cell research is a moral issue, why?

Answer 8

some people disagree because embryos are used - potential for human life
some people agree because of the quality of existing life

Question 9

What are the two types of cells called?

Answer 9

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 10

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

• they are found in plants, animals, fungi and protoctists
• are 10-100 micrometers in size

Question 11

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

• bacteria are prokaryotes
• 0.1-0.5 micrometers in size

Question 12

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 12

An organism made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 13

What features do a prokaryotic cell contain?

Answer 13

• plasmids (small rings of DNA that can replicate and move between cells to share genetic information)

Question 14

What features do prokaryotic cells NOT contain?

Answer 14

• no mitochondria
• no chloroplasts
• no nucleus

Question 15

Animals cells contain…?

Answer 15

• a nucleus
• a cell membrane
• a cytoplasm
• mitochondria
• ribosomes

Question 16

What organelles do a plant cell contain?

Answer 16

• nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
  -chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole

Question 17

Are plants unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 17

Multicellular

Question 18

How do plants store carbohydrates?

Answer 18

As sucrose or starch

Question 19

What are a plant’s cell wall made up of?

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

Plants use what to photosynthesise?

Answer 20

Chloroplasts

Question 21

Name TWO examples of a flowering plant

Answer 21

• cereals (eg maize)
• herbaceous legumes (eg peas and beans)

Question 22

Are animals unicellular?

Answer 22

No obvs not idiot
U might be if u answered it wrong tho
(They’re multicellular)

Question 23

What do animals not have that plants do?

Answer 23

• no chloroplasts, no cell walls (and no vacuole)

Question 24

Give two examples of animal ‘groups’

Answer 24

• mammals (like humans)
• insects (like houseflies)

Question 25

How do animals store carbohydrates?

Answer 25

As glycogen

Question 26

What do animals have that means they can respond rapidly to changes within their environment?

Answer 26

Nervous coordination

Question 27

Are fungi unicellular?

Answer 27

- trick question - some are, but others have a body called a MYCELIUM

Question 28

What is the mycelium made up of?

Answer 28

Hyphae, which are THREAD-LIKE structures

Question 29

What does hyphae contain?

Answer 29

Lots of nuclei

Question 30

Can fungi photosynthesis

Answer 30

NO.

Question 31

What are a fungi’s cell wall made up of?

Answer 31

Chitin

Question 32

Fungi feed by what method?

Answer 32

Saprotrophic nutrition

Question 33

Describe saprotrophic nutrition

Answer 33

Secrete extracellular enzymes into the area to dissolve the food and then they can absorb the nutrients

Question 34

Fungi store carbohydrates as…?

Answer 34

Glycogen (like animals)

Question 35

Is yeast a plant, fungi or a protoctist?

Answer 35

A fungi

Question 36

Give 2 examples of a fungi

Answer 36

- yeast (single celled) - mucor- multicellular and has a mycelium (and hyphae)

Question 37

Are protocists eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 37

Eukaryotic (unlike bacteria)

Question 38

Are protocists multicellular?

Answer 38

NO - unicellular

Question 39

Do protocists contain chloroplasts?

Answer 39

Some do and are similar to PLANT cells. Others are more similar to animal cells

Question 40

Two examples of a protoctist are..?

Answer 40

- chlorella (plant cell like) - amoeba (animal cell like)

Question 41

Do protoctists have a nucleus?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Give two examples of bacteria

Answer 42

- lactobacillus bulgaricus - pneumococcus

Question 43

What is the shape of a lactobacillus bulgaricus?

Answer 43

It is rod shaped

Question 44

What is the use of a lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria?

Answer 44

Can make milk go sour and become yogurt

Question 45

What is the shape of a pneumococcus?

Answer 45

Spherical (round) in shape

Question 46

Are bacteria single celled/unicellular?

Answer 46

Yes and microscopic

Question 47

Can bacteria photosynthesis?

Answer 47

Some can

Question 48

Do bacteria have a nucleus?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

What does bacteria have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 49

Bacteria has a circular chromosome of DNA, as well as plasmids

Question 50

What feeds off of other organisms (living and dead)?

Answer 50

Bacteria

Question 51

Give two examples of human viruses

Answer 51

- influenza virus - HIV

Question 52

Give one example of a plant virus

Answer 52

- The tobacco mosaic virus - discolours plants by preventing the production of chloroplasts

Question 53

Viruses are NOT cells, what are they instead?

Answer 53

PARTICLES

Question 54

Viruses only reproduce within where?

Answer 54

Living cells because a virus is a type of parasite

Question 55

Give the definition of a parasite

Answer 55

An organism that depends on another organism to grow and reproduce

Question 56

Viruses infect what types of living organisms

Answer 56

- ALL types

Question 57

Are viruses one size?

Answer 57

No- have multiple shapes and sizes

Question 58

Viruses have a p—————— c——— around genetic material instead of a ce—————— st——————— Fill in the gaps

Answer 58

- protein coat - cellular structure

Question 59

What is the virus’ genetic material

Answer 59

DNA or RNA

Question 60

Pathogens are..?

Answer 60

Microorganism that are disease causing- for example, fungi, protoctistss, bacteria AND viruses

Question 61

Are viruses living organisms? Why/why not?

Answer 61

No (because they cannot reproduce on their own and are not made up of cells)

Question 62

Give three examples of pathogens

Answer 62

- plasmodium, a PROTOCTIST, which causes malaria - pneumococcus, BACTERIUM, which causes pneumonia - influenza virus and HIV- VIRUSES

Question 63

Give two types of insects

Answer 63

Houseflies, mosquitoes