selective breeding Flashcards

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1
Q

List some examples of desired characteristics

A
  • maximum yield
  • disease resistance and good health
  • temperament
  • speed
  • fertility
  • attractive flowers/bright colours
  • nice flowers
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2
Q

list the steps for selective breeding

A
  • select animals from your existing stock with desired characteristics
  • breed them
  • pick best of offspring and breed together
  • continue over several generations
  • to make the chances of desireable characteristic being expressed increases as the allele becomes more and more common
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3
Q

when doing selective breeding for increased number of offspring, what do you look for in the male?

A

a mother whohad lots of offspring

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4
Q

what is an additional advantage of selective breeding?

A
  • can combine 2 desirable characteristics
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5
Q

when trying to breed for high meat yield, what characteristic do farmers look for?

A
  • size/the largest
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6
Q

How do you mate bulls and cows together?

A
  • by artifical insermination
  • safer for cow
  • quicker and cheaper transportation of semen
  • semen can be stored after the bull is dead
  • semen can impregnate multiple cows
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7
Q

Pros and cons of selective breeding:

A

PROS:
* will usually give desired traits
* done without labatory/ technical skill- accessible for all
* can be economically important eg by producing better quality or a higher quantity of food
* can help with making animals safer to work with eg cattle without horns

CONS:
* lack of genetic diversity
* rare disease genes being unknowingly selected as part of a positive trait, leading to problems with specific organisms, eg a high percentage of Dalmatian dogs are deaf
* The creation of physical problems in specific organisms, eg large dogs can have faulty hips due to not being formed correctly

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8
Q

What was the advantage of breeding tall wheat plants and dwarf wheat plants together?

A
  • tall wheat plants have a good grain yield but are easily damaged by wind and rain.
  • dwarf wheat plants can resist wind and rain but have a lower grain yield
  • these were cross-bred and so were the best offspring, leading to dwarf wheat plants that could resist bad weather and have a high grain yield
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