Smith 1

Question 1

View vs projection

Answer 1

• View = portion closest to the film cassette
• Porjection = portion which the X-ray beam enters

Anterior-posterior projection can be considered a posterior-anterior view

Question 2

Sesamoids

Answer 2

bones within a tendon

sesamoids under the first metatarsal are constant

Question 3

Anterior-posterior (AP) Projection

Answer 3

• Structures demonstrated = phalanges, Sesamoids, metatarsals and tarsal bones
• Central ray: (where you shoot)
  
  • angle 15 degrees cephlad
  • base of third metatarsal
• Patient position = standing with foot on exposable side of film in angle and base of gain on orthoposer

Question 4

Medial oblique view (MO)

Answer 4

• Structures demonstrated = phalanges, metatarsals, tarsal bones and sesamoids
  
  • More lateral structures
• Central ray:
  
  • angle tube 45 degrees aimed at lateral cuneiform
• Patient postion = standing in angle and base of gait on orthoposer

Question 5

Lateral oblique view (LO)

Answer 5

• Structures demonstrated = Phalanges, metatarsals, tarsal bones and sesamoids
  
  • more medial structures
• Central ray:
  
  • angle tube 45 degrees aiming at medial cuneiform
• Patient position = standing in angle and base of gait on orthoposer

Question 6

Lateral projection of the foot

Answer 6

• Structures demonstrated = First metatarsal, hallux, medial cuneiform, navicular, talus and calcaneus
• Central ray
  
  • 90 degress or perpendicular to the lateral cuneiform
• Patient position = standing in angle and base of gain on orthoposer

Question 7

Raised Lateral hallux

Answer 7

• structures demonstrated = proximal and sital phalanges of the hallux
• central ray
  
  • 90 degrees or perpendicular to the center of the hallux
• Patient position
  
  • standing in angle and base of gait on orthoposer with foam under hallux to decrease overlap of other toes

Question 8

Sesamoid or plantar axial

Answer 8

• structures demonstrated = inferior aspect of the metatarsal and sesamoids
• central ray
  
  • perpendicular to the film and aim at inferior heel
• Patient position = standing with foot on block

Question 9

calcaneal axial

Answer 9

• Structures demonstrated = subtalar or talocalcaneal joint and the calcaneus
• Central ray
  
  • 45 degrees aimed at the posterior subtalar or talocalcaneal joint
• patient position = patient standing on the film in angle and base of gait

Question 10

anterior-posterior (AP) projection of the ankle

Answer 10

• Structures demonstrated = tibia, fibula, talus and ankle joint
• central ray = anterior ankle joint
• Patient position = patient standing on orthoposer with back of leg against the film

Question 11

ankle mortise

Answer 11

• structures demonstrated = tibia, fibula, talus and ankle joint
  
  • decrease overlap between tibia and fibula
• Central ray = anterior ankle joint
• Patient position = same as anterior-posterior with foot rotated twoards midline 15 degrees

Question 12

know diffrences of each

• like maltese and ap of ankle
• projection vs view def
• what type of images for looking at anatomical structures

Question 13

Lateral projection of the ankle

Answer 13

• Structures demonstrated = tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus and ankle joint
• central ray = perpendicular to the film with ray entering lateral malleolus
• Patient position = standing with medial malleolus against film

Question 14

Ottawa rules

Answer 14

• uses an instrument for assessment of foot and ankle
• Don’t get an X-ray if:
  
  • ability to walk 4 steps
  • no pain in posterior edge or tip of malleoli
  • no pain at navivular or base of fifth metatarsal
• Designed to rule out fractures