bennet 1

Question 1

what are things you should NOT see in normal radiographs

Answer 1

• increased soft tissue attenuation and densities (swelling)
• breaks in cortex (fracture, bone infection)
• widening or decreasing of the joint space, and alignment (infection, arthritis)
• mechanical deformities (HAV, hammertoes, tailor’s bunion)
• accessory bones
• gas in soft tissues

Question 2

Talus

Answer 2

• the TALUS IS A PASSIVE BONE (no tendons or muscles attach)
• talus will move in relation to the calcaneus
• The body of the talus is normally parallel with the weight supporting plane on lateral view

Question 3

Cavus foot

Answer 3

• HIGH ARCH
• increased calcaneal inclination angle
• posterior break in the cyma line
• bullet hole sign

Question 4

Pronated foot

Answer 4

• decreased angle of the calcaneus
• lowered arch
• anterior break cyma line

Question 5

Cyma line on lateral film

Answer 5

• representation of midtarsal articulations (talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint)
• Should form a smooth S
• when discussing a defmority it is always in relation to the talonavicular joint
• in a flat foot it is a more anterior break (going from top down)
• in high arch foot it is a more posterior break

Question 6

Cyma line in A-P film

Answer 6

• Smooth S curve
• not as accurate as the lateral view
• less implications

Question 7

Lis Franc’s Joint

Answer 7

• tarsometatarsal joint
• Lis franc’s fragment: plantar ligament from the medial cuneiform to the 2nd metatarsal base (Strong)
  
  • should not see a separation of more than 2mm
    
    • as in picture

Question 8

primary center of ossification in bones of feet

Answer 8

• calcaneus = posterior epiphysis (present at 6-8 but doesnt fuse until 15
• navicular = 3 years
• cuboid = present at birth
• lateral cuneiform = first year
• intermediate cuneiform = 2.5 years
• medial cuneiform = 2 years
• first metatarsal = located at base (18)
• 2nd-5th metatarsal = located at head (18)
• phalanges = located at base (18 years)

Question 9

accessory ossicles

Answer 9

• small bones usually from a secondary ossification center that fail to unite with the remaining portion of the bone
• often times confused with fractures
• Most often asymptomatic

Question 10

Os trigonum

Answer 10

• failed fusion of the posterior process of the talus
• confused often with a fracture “shepherd fracture”
• type of accessory ossicles
• posterior bump on talus

Question 11

gast in soft tissue

Answer 11

• gas forming bacterial infection
• looks like bubbles
• lots of soft tissue swelling

Question 12

hallux abducto valgus deformity

Answer 12

• many angles involved
• look at the space between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal
• look for an irregular edge and bump to the side of the first metatarsal head