mahoney 6 Flashcards
describe projection, position, view
- PROJECTION = the direction in which the beam travels through the body to arrive at the cassette
- generally never use the term view in your interpretation (view is opposite of projection)
- Any other IMAGE besides an AP or lateral is called a POSITION
- position refers to the PART THAT IS CLOSEST TO THE CASSETTE
- medial oblique of the foot/ankle: medial surface is closest to the cassette when following the course of the x-ray beam
- position refers to the PART THAT IS CLOSEST TO THE CASSETTE
how to look at quality of the X-ray
- Are any parts inadvertently “cut-off”?
- more importantly refers to the appearance of the bones
- if the bones look TOO WHITE –> underexposed
- If the bones look TOO DARK –> overexposed
- Can you see the soft tissue outline, including skin?
Congruous joint
normal alignment
deviated joint
articular surfaces intersect outside of the joint
subluxed joint
articular surfaces intersect inside of the joint
dislocated joint
articular surfaces not in contact
Closed fracture
skin intact (difficult to determine from x-ray alone)
open fracture
skin break due to bone pushing out of skin
complete fracture
fracture involves both cortices
intra-articular
fracture into the joint
Transverse fracture
fracture is roughly perpendicular to long axis of bone
oblique
fracture length is
Spiral fracture
fracture length is > 2x the diameter of the bone at the level of the fracture
comminuted fracture
more than 2 pieces to fracture
avulsion fracture
piece of bone pulled away from main body of bone
impacted/compression fracture
bones are driven into each other (which generally results in increased bone density at the point of impaction
stress fracture
not able to be seen initially on x-ray and implies a small, non-displaced fracture
usually seen in three weeks as it starts to form an external callus from periosteal reaction
greenstick fracture
- bending force on a long bone causes one cortex to break, but the opposite cortex remains in place-usually seen in children
- the broken branch snaps on one side, while the inner side is bent and still in continuity
displaced fracture
the direction of displacement is described by the distal fragment
- there is a medial and proximal displacement of the fracture with no more than 1mm of displacement
what are the important characteristics of describing fractures
- attitude (sticking up or down)
- location
- complete/incomplete
- displaced/non-displaced
- if displaced, in WHAT DIRECTION and extent of displacement in mm
