Small Ruminant Viruses

Question 1

viral family of Bluetongue

Answer 1

• reoviridae

Question 2

how is bluetongue transmitted

Answer 2

• by midge

- arbovirus

Question 3

3 main clinical signs of bluetongue

Answer 3

• hyperemia
• cyanotic tongue
• edema in head and neck

Question 4

T/F: once infected with bluetongue you are infected for live

Answer 4

• false; eventually clears disease

Question 5

bluetongue can look similar to what virus

Answer 5

• IBR (herpesvirus 1)

Question 6

use what to diagnose bluetongue

Answer 6

• buffy coat

Question 7

reservoir of bluetongue

Answer 7

• subclinical infected cattle

Question 8

virus family of caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Answer 8

• retroviridae

Question 9

2 syndromes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Answer 9

• kids - encephalomyelitis

- older than 1 year - arthritis

Question 10

virus that has immune cells attacking nerve cells

Answer 10

• caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Question 11

mastitis and interstitial pneumonia are common clinical signs of this virus

Answer 11

• caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Question 12

at necropsy lesions in CNS constitute focal malacia in white matter in this virus

Answer 12

• caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Question 13

diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis

Answer 13

• antibody detection - serological

Question 14

how does vertical transmission occur for caprine arthritis-encephalitis and how can it be prevented

Answer 14

• transmitted through colostrum and milk

- prevented by healing up colostrum (56c for 1hr)

Question 15

virus family of scrapie

Answer 15

• none; is a prion!

Question 16

breeds that are mores susceptible to scrapie

Answer 16

• suffolk and hampshire

- genetic component

Question 17

development of pruritus is a hallmark for this disease

Answer 17

• scrapie

Question 18

spongiform presentation of the brain is seen in this disease

Answer 18

• scrapie

Question 19

T/F: scrapie is not zoonotic

Answer 19

• false - animals need to be eliminated

Question 20

T/F: there is inflammation and an immune response associated with scrapie (pruritus is a hallmark)

Answer 20

• false no inflammation or immune response

Question 21

diagnosis of scrapie

Answer 21

• history and clinical signs

Question 22

virus family of Maedi

Answer 22

• retroviridae

Question 23

clinical sings of Maedi and when are they seen

Answer 23

• progressive pneumonia

- seen when flock is driven

Question 24

virus in which lungs appear homogenously consolidated and do not collapse

Answer 24

• maedi

Question 25

immunopathology role in maedi

Answer 25

- immunosuppression delays progress and degenerative changes

Question 26

diagnosis of maedi

Answer 26

- antibody ELISA

Question 27

viral family of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (OPA)

Answer 27

- retroviridae

Question 28

both maedi and OPA are in the retroviridae family - what is different between them

Answer 28

- OPA can cause tumors

Question 29

virus that has large amounts of surfactant containing viscous fluid produced by tumor cells

Answer 29

- OPA

Question 30

diagnosis of OPA

Answer 30

- histopathology post mortem

Question 31

how is OPA and maedi shed

Answer 31

- through secretions

Question 32

viral family of Orf

Answer 32

- poxviridae

Question 33

this virus is also known as contagious ecthyma

Answer 33

- Orf

Question 34

T/F: orf is zoonotic

Answer 34

- true, when in close contact - basic hygiene will disinfect

Question 35

location of lesions of Orf

Answer 35

- muzzle and lips | - rarely on eyelids, feet and teats

Question 36

progression of Orf lesion

Answer 36

- papules -> pustules -> thick crusts

Question 37

diagnosis of Orf

Answer 37

- clinical diagnosis

Question 38

T/F: Orf is easy to eradicate from a flock

Answer 38

- false

Question 39

when should animals be vaccinated for Orf

Answer 39

- ewes should be vaccinated weeks before lambing | - applied by scarified skin (axilla) where localized lesion develops -> generating short-lived immunity