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Virology > Poultry Viruses > Flashcards

Poultry Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

newcastle disease virus family

A
  • paramyxoviridae
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2
Q

T/F: newcastle is not zoonotic

A
  • false - it is
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3
Q

T/F: cyanosis of comb and wattle clinical sign of newcastle

A
  • true
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4
Q

T/F: depression, muscular tremors, paralysis of wings and/or legs, twisting of head and neck, ataxia, circling, chronic spasms are all clinical signs of newcastle

A
  • true
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5
Q

pathogenesis of newcastle

A
  • replicates in mucosal epithelium of upper respiratory and intestinal tract after first viremia reaches spleen and bone marrow
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6
Q

second viremia of newcastle results in infection of

A
  • infection of lungs and CNS
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7
Q

gross lesions of newcastle

A
  • ecchymotic hemorrhages respiratory and GI tracts
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8
Q

histologic lesions of newcastle

A
  • necrotic foci in intestinal mucosa and lymphatic tissue and hyperemic changes in all organs
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9
Q

3 virulences of newcastle disease

A
  • velogenic - fastest at causing disease
  • mesogenic - more or less
  • lentogenic - slow, little
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10
Q

IgG effect against infection with newcastle

A
  • blocks viremia but does not prevent respiratory infection
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11
Q

IgA effect against infection with newcastle

A
  • important in respiratory and GI tract
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12
Q

what type of detection is only diagnostic in unvaccinated flocks of newcastle disease

A
  • antibody detection
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13
Q

transmission of newcastle

A
  • direct or indirect

- in all secretions and excretions

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14
Q

importance of caged birds and spread of newcastle

A
  • caged birds imported from endemic areas are at risk for introduction of velogenic strains
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15
Q

infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus family

A
  • birnaviridae
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16
Q

acute form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) clinical signs

A
  • birds are prostrated, debilitated and dehydrated
  • watery diarrhea
  • chicks are recumbent and have ruffled feathers
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17
Q

subclinical form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) clinical signs

A
  • immunosuppression in very young chickens (less than 3 weeks)
  • bursa will not be competent
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18
Q

T/F: kidney failure is a common cause of mortality in bird infected with infectious bursal disease

A
  • true
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19
Q

clinical disease of birds infected with infectious bursal disease less than 3 weeks

A
  • do not look sick
  • bursa is infected
  • subclinical disease
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20
Q

clinical disease of birds infected with infectious bursal disease between 3-6 weeks old

A
  • will show clinical signs
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21
Q

clinical disease of birds infected with infectious bursal disease over 8 weeks old

A
  • resistant to challenge and will not show clinical signs unless infected by high virulent strain
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22
Q

T/F: infectious bursal disease is easy to rid of in the environment

A
  • false - is very resistant
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23
Q

virus family of Marek’s disease

A
  • herpesviridae
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24
Q

mode of transmission of Marek’s disease

A
  • dander in feather follicles
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25
Q

marek’s disease is similar to what other disease

A
  • Avian leukosis
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26
Q

4 overlapping syndromes of Marek’s disease

A
  • neurolymphomatosis
  • acute Marek’s disease
  • ocular lymphomatosis
  • cutaneous marek’s
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27
Q

neurolymphomatosis

A

asymmetrical paralysis of 1 or both legs or wings

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28
Q

acute marek’s disease

A
  • explosive outbreak with large proportion of birds showing depression and few days later ataxia and paralysis
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29
Q

ocular lymphomatosis

A
  • graying or iris of 1 or both eyes due to lymphoblastoid cell infiltration
30
Q

Cutaneous Marek’s

A
  • easily recognized after plucking

- round nodular lesions up to 1cm seen specifically at feather follicle

31
Q

by day 6 pathogenesis of Marek’s disease

A
  • immunosuppression due to infection of lymphoid cells in thymus, bursa, bone marrow and spleen
32
Q

2nd week pathogenies of Marek’s disease

A
  • persistent cell-associated viremia followed by T lymphoblastoid cell proliferation
33
Q

3rd week pathogenesis of Marek’s disease

A
  • regression or death
34
Q

gross findings of Marek’s disease

A
  • enlargement of 1 or more peripheral nerve trunks

- usually unilateral

35
Q

lymphomatous lesions of Marek’s disease are indistinguishable from what

A
  • avian leukosis
36
Q

T/F: Marek’s disease is transmitted in ovo

A
  • false
37
Q

vaccination of Marek’s disease

A
  • does not prevent transmission but does reduce amount shed in dander
38
Q

virus family of Avian Leukosis

A
  • retroviridae
39
Q

transmission of avian leukosis

A
  • requires prolonged, close contact
  • congenital infection
  • genetic infection
40
Q

congenital infection

A
  • immunotollerant animals

- get virus while developing

41
Q

genetic transmission

A
  • what is passing down is not the entire virus but the genome
42
Q

replication of avian leukosis (2)

A
  • competent

- defective

43
Q

excretion of avian leukosis

A
  • in saliva and feces
44
Q

virus family of avian influenza

A
  • orthomyxoviridae
45
Q

what type of avian influenza undergoes antigenic shift and drift

A
  • type A
46
Q

what is the major reservoir of avian influenza

A

-waterfowl

47
Q

T/F: avian influenza is zoonotic

A
  • true
48
Q

what are the highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza also known as

A
  • fowl plague
49
Q

what is important when determing virulence of avian influenza

A
  • hemagglutinin (HA)
50
Q

gross lesions of avian influenza

A
  • petechial hemorrhages

- serous exudate in respiratory, digestive and cardiac tissues

51
Q

shedding of avian influenza

A
  • high concentrations shed in feces
52
Q

T/F: avian influenza can be transmitted in the water

A
  • true - survives a long time specially in water at low temperatures
53
Q

avian infectious bronchitis viral family

A
  • coronaviridae
54
Q

clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis depends on what (4)

A
  • age
  • route of infection
  • immune status
  • viral strain
55
Q

T/F: there are red casts that block bronchi in young chicks causing death with avian infectious bronchitis

A
  • false - there are yellow casts
56
Q

T/F: pasting does occur with avian infectious bronchitis

A
  • true - blocking so it can no longer defecate
57
Q

T/F: cessation of egg laying can occur in avian infectious bronchitis

A
  • true
58
Q

transmission of avian infectious bronchitis

A
  • aerosols and ingestion of feces-contaminated feed
59
Q

viral family of infectious laringotracheitis

A
  • herpseviridae
60
Q

severe cases of infectious laringotracheitis clinical signs

A
  • pump handle respiration

- expectoration of blood mucus or frank blood can be observed

61
Q

differential of infectious laringotracheitis

A
  • fowlpox (diphteric form)
62
Q

T/F: infectious laringotracheitis spreads more quickly than Newcastle, influenza and infectious bronchitis

A
  • false - spreads more slowly
63
Q

virus family of fowlpox

A
  • poxviridae
64
Q

2 forms of fowlpox

A
  • cutaneous form

- dipthteric form

65
Q

transmission of fowlpox

A
  • mosquitoes
66
Q

cutaneous form of fowlpox

A
  • low mortality
  • lesions on comb, wattles, around beaks and eyes, sometimes feet and around cloaca
  • lesions resolve in 3 weeks
67
Q

dipthteric form of fowlpox

A
  • high mortality

- necrotic pseudo membranes in mouth, pharynx, larynx, that can cause death and asphyxia

68
Q

what is used to confirm fowlpox

A
  • histopathology and EM
69
Q

disinfection of fowlpox

A
  • very resistant to disinfection

- can persist in environment for long periods of time in scabs

70
Q

T/F: there is a vaccine for fowlpox

A
  • true
71
Q

within flock transmission of fowlpox (5)

A
  • minor abrasions
  • fighting and pecking
  • mosquitoes
  • lice
  • ticks

Virology (8 decks)

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