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Bovine Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) belongs to what family of viruses

A
  • picornaviridae - RNA naked
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2
Q

virus that causes vesicular mucosal lesions of ruminants and swine; what species does it not effect

A
  • foot and mouth

- horses

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3
Q

how dose foot and mouth disease cause abortion

A
  • by the fever
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4
Q

fist sign of foot and mouth disease in swine

A
  • lameness
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5
Q

this virus has 7 serotypes; how does this effect diagnosis and vaccination

A
  • foot and mouth
  • vaccination - serotype-specific
  • diagnosis - test for specific genome and antigens
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6
Q

main route of infection of foot and mouth disease

A
  • inhalation of droplets
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7
Q

can foot and mouth be spread before clinical signs are seen

A
  • yes; 24 hours before
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8
Q

which virus has recovery that correlates with appearance of antibodies, but immunity is short-lived

A
  • foot and mouth
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9
Q

3 viruses that can present like foot and mouth and are therefore notifiable

A
  • vesicular stomatitis
  • swine vesicular disease
  • vesicular exanthemia of swine
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10
Q

once a diagnosis is confirmed (by state officials) for foot and mouth what is the next steps

A
  • determine area that must be quarantine

- cull infected, suspected and in contact

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11
Q

bovine leukemia (“leukosis”) belongs to what virus family

A
  • retroviridae
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12
Q

which virus has some material been found in human mammary tumors

A
  • bovine leukemia

- but not zoonotic!!

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13
Q

most presentations and diagnosis of bovine leukemia

A
  • asymptomatic

- serology

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14
Q

30% of cows infected with bovine leukemia will develop what

A
  • persistent lymphocytosis with no clinical signs
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15
Q

few animals infected (4-8yr) with bovine leukemia will develop what

A
  • lymphoid tumors
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16
Q

lymphosarcomas of bovine leukemia present with what type of cells in the blood

A
  • non malignant
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17
Q

diagnosis of bovine leukemia

A
  • antibody ELISA
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18
Q

T/F bovine leukemia infects the entire herd

A
  • false - is a 1 cow disease

- horizontal transmission requires close and prolonged direct contact

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19
Q

malignant catarrhal fever virus family

A
  • herpesviridae

- herpesvirus 1

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20
Q

morbidity and mortality of malignant catarrhal fever

A
  • low morbidity

- high mortality

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21
Q

bilateral opthlamia is see in what virus

A
  • malignant catarrhal fever

- few survive

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22
Q

3 epidemiological patterns of malignant catarrhal fever

A
  • cattle infected from subclinical wildebeest (calving time)
  • cattle in close contact with sheep (at lambing)
  • feedlot cattle in NA - minor epidemics
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23
Q

diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever

A
  • history and clinical signs

- confirmation by virus isolation in calf thyroid cells

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24
Q

can malignant catarrhal fever move from cow to cow?

A
  • no; seem to be dead end
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25
bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) belongs to what virus family
- flaviviridae
26
morbidity and mortality rate of BVD
- high morbidity | - high mortality (abortion)
27
T/F BVD cannot occur in sheep, goats, swine
- false - it can; also in deer and bison
28
postnatal infection of BVD in non-pregnant cattle clinical signs
- fever and panleukopenia - drop milk yield - lesions in mouth (not vesicles)
29
infection of BVD in cow less than 2 months pregnant
- animal will be aborted | - NCP (noncytoplasmatic)
30
infection of BVD in cow between 2 and 4 months pregnant
- immune system thinks virus is self | - persistent infection - will be born shedding virus
31
infection of BVD in cow after 4 months pregnant
- mature enough to know virus is not normal - may cause deformation (eyes and brain) - abortion is rare
32
PI infected calves with BVD appear normal and develop mucosal disease how (3 ways)
- superinfection with homologous BVDV - mutation of NCP to CP - vaccination with MLV BVDV strain
33
T/F: you can test for antibodies in a PI BVD calf
- false | - they do not have antibodies -> they do not seroconvert
34
life span if acute mucosal disease develops from BVD
- 3-10 days | - if survives -> develops chronic mucosal disease
35
life span if chronic mucosal disease develops from BVD
- 18 months
36
2 biotypes of BVD
- cytopathic | - noncytopathogenic
37
which biotype of BVD tends to stay in the GI and causes more lesions in adults
- cytopathic
38
which biotype of BVD crosses into fetus
- noncytopathogenic
39
is BVD easily transmitted
- yes; easily between animals and herds
40
which vaccines are used against BVD (2)
- inactivated - in pregnant animals | - attenuated - used in rest of population
41
virus family of parainfluenza 3 infection
paramyxoviridae
42
viruses that may initiate shipping fever (3)
- parainfluenza 3 - bovine respiratory syncytial disease - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
43
how is parainfluenza 3 transmitted
- aerosols | - fomites contaminated with nasal discharge
44
parainfluenza 3 vaccine produces what type of protective antibodies
- mucosal IgA
45
parainfluenza 3 is a combo vaccine what what other diseases
- IBR - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus) - Adenovirus - BVD - bovine viral diarrhea (flaviviridae)
46
virus family of bovine respiratory syncytial disease
- paramyxoviridae
47
morbidity and mortality of bovine respiratory syncytial disease
- high morbidity | - low mortality
48
what time of year is bovine respiratory syncytial disease seen
- winter
49
viral family of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- herpesviridae; herpesvirus 1
50
morbidity and mortality of IBR
- morbidity - 100% | - mortality - 10%
51
transmission of IBR
- slower - needs close contact - more common in feedlots
52
T/F: there is a vaccination for IBR
- true | - can tell difference between vaccinated and infected
53
viral family of rotavirus
- reoviridae
54
virus also known as "white scours" or "milk scours"
- rotavirus
55
virus that has clinical signs of moderately depressed but continues to eat
- rotavirus
56
feces of animals infected with rotavirus
- voluminous - soft to liquid - contain large amounts of mucus
57
diagnosis of rotavirus
- presumptive based on clinical presentation
58
T/F: rotavirus can survive in environment for months
- true
59
when do you vaccinate for rotavirus
- vaccinate mother when inactivated virus vaccine -> promotes high levels of maternal antibodies in colostrum and milk
60
virus family of bovine coronavirus diarrhea
- coronaviridae
61
virus also known as winter dysentery
- bovine coronavirus diarrhea
62
T/F: bovine coronavirus diarrhea is zoonotic
- true; can cause diarrhea in humans
63
metabolism of what is affected in animals with bovine coronavirus diarrhea
- glucose and lactose metabolism
64
when should you vaccinate for bovine coronavirus diarrhea
- vaccinate dam -> high levels of maternal antibodies in colostrum
65
virus family of bovine papillomatosis
- papoviridae
66
clinical signs of bovine papillomatosis
- warts - benign
67
how does bovine papillomatosis enter the body
- through abrasions
68
how does bovine papillomatosis regress
- due to appearance of neutralizing antibodies
69
virus family of bovine mammillitis
- herpesviridae; herpesvirus 2
70
what are the 2 forms of bovine mammillitis
- bovine mammillitis - localized in udder | - pseudo-lumpyskin - generalized
71
differential diagnosis of bovine mammillitis (5)
- warts - cowpox - pseudocowpox - vesicular stomatitis - FMD
72
virus that has blister like lesions; has inflammation and hurts
- bovine mammillitis
73
T/F: milking machines are considered a vector for bovine mammillitis
- false - basic cleaning disinfects
74
T/F: milking machines are considered a vector for pseudocowpox
- true due to imrproper disinfection
75
virus family of pesudocowpox
- poxviridae
76
pathognomonic lesion of pesudocowpox
- horseshoe scabs
77
virus family of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
- herpesviridae; herpesvirus 1
78
clinical signs of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
- pustules on genital areas | - pustules break into ulcerations
79
how long does it take infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis to be completely healed
- 2 weeks
80
T/F: semen can contain infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
true
81
diagnosis of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
- antibody ELISA
82
injection of corticosteroids can cause reactivation of what virus and can also be used to detect carrier bulls
- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
83
viruses that cause abortion in cattle
- BVD - IBR - Bluetongue

Virology (8 decks)

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