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Equine Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Equine Infectious Anemia family

A
  • retroviridae
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2
Q

equine infectious anemia transmission (3)

A
  • blood-feeding insects (mechanical vectors)
  • iatrogenic through contaminated needles
  • placenta and milk
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3
Q

equine infectious anemia persists where in animals for life

A
  • leukocytes
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4
Q

when is there a high titer for equine infectious anemia

A
  • when animal shows signs of disease
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5
Q

4 stages of equine infectious anemia

A
  • acute (80% fatal)
  • subacute (moderate fever followed by recovery)
  • recovered (recurrent episodes of disease)
  • chronic (always be symptomatic)
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6
Q

ventral edema is common in what stage of equine infectious anemia

A
  • chronic
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7
Q

pathogenesis of equine infectious anemia

A
  • anemia
  • vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
  • hemorrhages due to thrombocytopenia
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8
Q

where does equine infectious anemia normally mutate

A
  • gp90
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9
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia

A
  • Coggins (immunodiffusion)
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10
Q

does equine infectious anemia have a vaccine

A
  • no
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11
Q

equine viral arteritis (EVA) family

A
  • arteriviridae
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12
Q

equine viral arteritis causes (2)

A
  • mild respiratory disease

- abortion (50% if pregnant)

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13
Q

shedding status of stallions with equine viral arteritis

A
  • long-term shedders

- should be vaccinated 60 days before breeding season

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14
Q

shedding status of mares with equine viral arteritis

A
  • not considered long-term shedders

- vaccinate 3 weeks in advance then keep in isolation from unvaccinated mares for 3 weeks

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15
Q

chronic stage of equine viral arteritis can cause

A
  • edema, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and depression
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16
Q

diagnosis of equine viral arteritis

A
  • RT-PCR
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17
Q

equine encephalitides family

A
  • togaviridae
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18
Q

is equine encephalitides zoonotic

A
  • yes

- mosquito control is important

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19
Q

reservoirs for equine encephalitides

A
  • birds

- virus does not amplify

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20
Q

dead end host for equine encephalitides

A
  • horses

- humans

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21
Q

clinical signs for equine encephalitides

A
  • fever, anorexia, neurologic signs

- encephalitis (head pressing)

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22
Q

pathogenesis of equine encephalitides

A
  • local replication at site of mosquito bite or regional lymph node (1st viremia is low)
  • CNS invasion (2nd viremia is higher)
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23
Q

differential diagnosis for equine encephalitides

A
  • rabies
  • equine herpes 1
  • west nile virus
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24
Q

diagnosis for equine encephalitides

A
  • IgM capture ELISA
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25
is there a vaccination for equine encephalitides
- yes - yearly
26
west nile virus encephalitis family
- flaviviridae
27
is west nile zoonotic
- yes | - vector control is important
28
regular host of west nile
- birds
29
dead end host of west nile
- horses | - humans
30
clinical symptoms of west nile in horses
- asymptomatic - neurological signs - small proportion may die
31
clinical symptoms of west nile in humans
- mild to severe flu-like symptoms | - some neurological signs or death
32
diagnosis of west nile
- serology - IgM ELISA
33
is there a vaccine for west nile
- yes
34
equine abortion family
- equine herpesvirus 1 - herpesviridae
35
clinical signs of equine abortion (herpes 1)
- respiratory - abortion - in last 4 months - enecphalitis (head pressing) - urinary incontinence - myelopathy
36
diagnosis of equine abortion
- intranuclear inclusion bodies
37
is there a vaccine for equine abortion
- yes
38
equine coital exanthema family
- equine herpesvirus 3 - herpesviridae
39
clinical sings of equine coital exanthemia (herpes 3)
- pustules and ulcerations of vagina, penis, prepuce and perineum - lips of nursing foals
40
does equine coital exanthemia cause abortion
- no
41
carrier animals of equine coital exanthemia can be identified by
- pigment loss on black skin and in genital regions
42
diagnosis of equine coital exanthemia
- serology | - PCR
43
is there a vaccine for equine coital exanthemia
- no
44
equine sarcoid most likely cause
- bovine papillomavirus
45
transmission of equine sarcoid
- not through direct contact | - needs to enter through abrasions of skin
46
equine sarcoid clinical signs
- skin tumors that look like fibrosarcomas - do not metastasize - persist for life - locally invasive
47
treatment of equine sarcoid
- surgery - laser - radiation - topical drugs
48
equine papillomatosis family
- papovaviridae
49
equine papillomatosis clinical signs
- elevated keratinized papillomas around lips and nose, distal legs, penis, vulva and mammary gland
50
treatment of equine papillomatosis
- no treatment | - will regress in 1-9 months
51
transmission of equine papillomatosis
- highly contagious
52
vesicular stomatitis family
- rhabdoviridae
53
vesicular stomatitis is an important differential diagnosis of what disease
- foot and mouth disease | - if it can affect other animals
54
vesicular stomatitis enters through
- breaks in mucosa and skin
55
clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis
- fever, anorexia, profuse salivation - lameness - vesicles and ulcers oral epithelium - coronary bands
56
is vesicular stomatitis notifiable
- yes | - because it the same signs occur in other animals could be foot and mouth disease
57
equine influenza family
- orthomyxoviridae
58
clinical signs of equine influenza
- high rate of transmission - fever - may cause abortion - dry, hacking cough - serous nasal discharge
59
mortality of equine influenza
- rare | - usually due to secondary infection
60
differential diagnosis of equine influenza
- herpes 1 & 4 - equine adenovirus - rhinoviruses
61
is there a vaccine for equine influenza
- yes | - recommended for every 6 months
62
equine rhinopneumonitis family
- equine herpesvirus 4 - herpesviridae
63
clinical signs of equine rhinopneumonitis
- respiratory disease - fever - anorexia
64
diagnosis of equine rhinopneumonitis
- virus isolation - PCR - IF for antigens
65
is there a vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis
- yes
66
adenovirus pneumonia family
- adenoviridae
67
adenovirus pneumonia clinical signs in most animals
- asymptomatic | - mild upper and lower respiratory tract
68
secondary bacterial infection with adenovirus pneumonia can cause
- exacerbate the cough
69
pathogenesis of adenovirus pneumonia in a foal with SCIDS
- bronchioloitis - pneumonia - destroys cells in pancreas, salivary glands, renal, bladder and intestinal epithelium
70
diagnosis of adenovirus pneumonia
- virus isolation in cell culture - serology - ELISA - PCR
71
does adenovirus pneumonia have a vaccine
- no

Virology (8 decks)

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