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Virology > Equine Viruses > Flashcards

Equine Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Equine Infectious Anemia family

A
  • retroviridae
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2
Q

equine infectious anemia transmission (3)

A
  • blood-feeding insects (mechanical vectors)
  • iatrogenic through contaminated needles
  • placenta and milk
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3
Q

equine infectious anemia persists where in animals for life

A
  • leukocytes
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4
Q

when is there a high titer for equine infectious anemia

A
  • when animal shows signs of disease
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5
Q

4 stages of equine infectious anemia

A
  • acute (80% fatal)
  • subacute (moderate fever followed by recovery)
  • recovered (recurrent episodes of disease)
  • chronic (always be symptomatic)
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6
Q

ventral edema is common in what stage of equine infectious anemia

A
  • chronic
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7
Q

pathogenesis of equine infectious anemia

A
  • anemia
  • vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
  • hemorrhages due to thrombocytopenia
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8
Q

where does equine infectious anemia normally mutate

A
  • gp90
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9
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia

A
  • Coggins (immunodiffusion)
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10
Q

does equine infectious anemia have a vaccine

A
  • no
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11
Q

equine viral arteritis (EVA) family

A
  • arteriviridae
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12
Q

equine viral arteritis causes (2)

A
  • mild respiratory disease

- abortion (50% if pregnant)

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13
Q

shedding status of stallions with equine viral arteritis

A
  • long-term shedders

- should be vaccinated 60 days before breeding season

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14
Q

shedding status of mares with equine viral arteritis

A
  • not considered long-term shedders

- vaccinate 3 weeks in advance then keep in isolation from unvaccinated mares for 3 weeks

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15
Q

chronic stage of equine viral arteritis can cause

A
  • edema, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and depression
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16
Q

diagnosis of equine viral arteritis

A
  • RT-PCR
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17
Q

equine encephalitides family

A
  • togaviridae
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18
Q

is equine encephalitides zoonotic

A
  • yes

- mosquito control is important

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19
Q

reservoirs for equine encephalitides

A
  • birds

- virus does not amplify

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20
Q

dead end host for equine encephalitides

A
  • horses

- humans

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21
Q

clinical signs for equine encephalitides

A
  • fever, anorexia, neurologic signs

- encephalitis (head pressing)

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22
Q

pathogenesis of equine encephalitides

A
  • local replication at site of mosquito bite or regional lymph node (1st viremia is low)
  • CNS invasion (2nd viremia is higher)
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23
Q

differential diagnosis for equine encephalitides

A
  • rabies
  • equine herpes 1
  • west nile virus
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24
Q

diagnosis for equine encephalitides

A
  • IgM capture ELISA
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25
Q

is there a vaccination for equine encephalitides

A
  • yes - yearly
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26
Q

west nile virus encephalitis family

A
  • flaviviridae
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27
Q

is west nile zoonotic

A
  • yes

- vector control is important

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28
Q

regular host of west nile

A
  • birds
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29
Q

dead end host of west nile

A
  • horses

- humans

30
Q

clinical symptoms of west nile in horses

A
  • asymptomatic
  • neurological signs
  • small proportion may die
31
Q

clinical symptoms of west nile in humans

A
  • mild to severe flu-like symptoms

- some neurological signs or death

32
Q

diagnosis of west nile

A
  • serology - IgM ELISA
33
Q

is there a vaccine for west nile

A
  • yes
34
Q

equine abortion family

A
  • equine herpesvirus 1 - herpesviridae
35
Q

clinical signs of equine abortion (herpes 1)

A
  • respiratory
  • abortion - in last 4 months
  • enecphalitis (head pressing)
  • urinary incontinence - myelopathy
36
Q

diagnosis of equine abortion

A
  • intranuclear inclusion bodies
37
Q

is there a vaccine for equine abortion

A
  • yes
38
Q

equine coital exanthema family

A
  • equine herpesvirus 3 - herpesviridae
39
Q

clinical sings of equine coital exanthemia (herpes 3)

A
  • pustules and ulcerations of vagina, penis, prepuce and perineum
  • lips of nursing foals
40
Q

does equine coital exanthemia cause abortion

A
  • no
41
Q

carrier animals of equine coital exanthemia can be identified by

A
  • pigment loss on black skin and in genital regions
42
Q

diagnosis of equine coital exanthemia

A
  • serology

- PCR

43
Q

is there a vaccine for equine coital exanthemia

A
  • no
44
Q

equine sarcoid most likely cause

A
  • bovine papillomavirus
45
Q

transmission of equine sarcoid

A
  • not through direct contact

- needs to enter through abrasions of skin

46
Q

equine sarcoid clinical signs

A
  • skin tumors that look like fibrosarcomas
  • do not metastasize
  • persist for life
  • locally invasive
47
Q

treatment of equine sarcoid

A
  • surgery
  • laser
  • radiation
  • topical drugs
48
Q

equine papillomatosis family

A
  • papovaviridae
49
Q

equine papillomatosis clinical signs

A
  • elevated keratinized papillomas around lips and nose, distal legs, penis, vulva and mammary gland
50
Q

treatment of equine papillomatosis

A
  • no treatment

- will regress in 1-9 months

51
Q

transmission of equine papillomatosis

A
  • highly contagious
52
Q

vesicular stomatitis family

A
  • rhabdoviridae
53
Q

vesicular stomatitis is an important differential diagnosis of what disease

A
  • foot and mouth disease

- if it can affect other animals

54
Q

vesicular stomatitis enters through

A
  • breaks in mucosa and skin
55
Q

clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis

A
  • fever, anorexia, profuse salivation
  • lameness
  • vesicles and ulcers oral epithelium
  • coronary bands
56
Q

is vesicular stomatitis notifiable

A
  • yes

- because it the same signs occur in other animals could be foot and mouth disease

57
Q

equine influenza family

A
  • orthomyxoviridae
58
Q

clinical signs of equine influenza

A
  • high rate of transmission
  • fever - may cause abortion
  • dry, hacking cough
  • serous nasal discharge
59
Q

mortality of equine influenza

A
  • rare

- usually due to secondary infection

60
Q

differential diagnosis of equine influenza

A
  • herpes 1 & 4
  • equine adenovirus
  • rhinoviruses
61
Q

is there a vaccine for equine influenza

A
  • yes

- recommended for every 6 months

62
Q

equine rhinopneumonitis family

A
  • equine herpesvirus 4 - herpesviridae
63
Q

clinical signs of equine rhinopneumonitis

A
  • respiratory disease
  • fever
  • anorexia
64
Q

diagnosis of equine rhinopneumonitis

A
  • virus isolation
  • PCR
  • IF for antigens
65
Q

is there a vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis

A
  • yes
66
Q

adenovirus pneumonia family

A
  • adenoviridae
67
Q

adenovirus pneumonia clinical signs in most animals

A
  • asymptomatic

- mild upper and lower respiratory tract

68
Q

secondary bacterial infection with adenovirus pneumonia can cause

A
  • exacerbate the cough
69
Q

pathogenesis of adenovirus pneumonia in a foal with SCIDS

A
  • bronchioloitis
  • pneumonia
  • destroys cells in pancreas, salivary glands, renal, bladder and intestinal epithelium
70
Q

diagnosis of adenovirus pneumonia

A
  • virus isolation in cell culture
  • serology
  • ELISA
  • PCR
71
Q

does adenovirus pneumonia have a vaccine

A
  • no

Virology (8 decks)

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