Small Ruminant disease Flashcards
MAIN worms
HOT
Parasites
Haemonchus- anemia and pale mucous membranes
Low protein in blood
NO diarrhea
Sudden death
Other parasites
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Performance
Parasite- control
Really hard…short life cycle and lots of eggs are made
Hypobiosis-DORMANT PARASITES
Break life cycle with animal and pasture management
Anthelmintics– kills mature larvae and adults (paralysis and starvation)
Not many are approved and resistance
Strategic deworming
Deworm and keep on same lot for 24 hours
2 wks before lambing and kiddling
1 wk after lambing/kiddling
DEWORM AS NEEDED
Administration of anthelmintics
Pellets, oral drenches, injectable, pour on, paste
Oral drenches are most common
Avoid injectables (long withdrawal time and different metabolism)
Avoid pour on (absorption is not good in small ruminants)
Foot rot: risk factors
Host: older more severe, MERINIOS, poor hoof care
Environmental: spring/fall or winter, wet warm weather, overcrowded
Foot Rot: clinical signs
Lameness
Inflamed skin between claws
Destruction of hoof wall
Bad smell
Foot rot: treatment
Radical trimming to remove affected tissue
Antiseptic foot bath
Dry environment
Antibiotic injections
Foot rot- control
Preventative foot soaks (zinc and copper sulfate) Isolation Examination Treat new additions Regular trimming Cull infected Get out of mud Use spring vax-repeat 3-6 months
Ringworm in sheep
Infection of outer layers of skin
FUNGAL
ZOONOTIC
Ringworm: risk factors
Young animals Poor nutrition Housed with previously infected animals Warm dark damp poorly ventilated housing Not cleaning clippers Too frequent washing of show lambs Flies
Ringworm: clinical signs
Fungal infection causes wool loss
Raised area followed by gray scab
Single or multiple spots
Spontaneous recover 1-4 months
Ringworm: treatment
Active fungus located on edge of LESION
Remove wool around lesion
Remove scab
Treatment shortens healing tie and reduces risk of spread
Treat entire animal…chlorhexidine, na hypochlorite, captan
Ringworm- prevention
Isolate infected animals Quarantine new arrivals Preventative treatment of whole lamb Avoid excessive bathing Disinfect anything that comes in contact with infected sheep Prompt treatment of new cases
Rectal Prolapse in Lambs
Eversion of the rectum to the outside
Rectal prolapse: risk factors
Ewe lambs
After weaning
Rectal Prolapse: clinical signs
Obvious Starts small, gets longer After coughing Swelling and tearing Loss of appetite Death
Rectal Prolapse: treatment
Replacement: injection between rectum and pelvic wall
string suture
Amputate rectum
Reduced feed intake, laxatives, enemas
Rectal prolapse: prevention
Avoid dry dusty environments Treat coughs Prevent diarrheal disease Treat coccidiosis and parasites Cull affected animals Dock tail at end of caudal fold
Obstructive urolithiasis
“Water belly”
Bladder stones
Most common in breeding Rams and goats
Diet related- calcium and phosphate imbalance and grain
Risk factors: amount of stones and urethral anatomy
Urolithiasis-clinical signs
Abdominal pain
Makes effort to urinate
Depression
Anorexia
Urolithiasis- progression
Bladder rupture- distended abdomen
Urethral rupture- swelling under abdomen and cool to the touch
Urolithiasis-diagnosis
Blood work Urine analysis Needle aspirate Abdominocentesis Ultrasound Radiographs
Urolithiasis- treatment
If urethra&bladder intact…. Try to relieve obstruction
Snip urethral process and vet will try to pass catheter & flush
If obstruction cannot be removed: surgery or laser
Urolithiasis-surgery
Valuable ram-tube—>cytostomy
Pet- tube—>cytostomy or PU
Salvage procedure
Complications
Urolithiasis-prevention
Complete pelleted creep feed
Observation for posturing, dribbling, bawling
Struvite: ammonia chloride in feed to decrease pH
Feed alfalfa (high in calcium)
AVOID GRAIN
Calcium carbonate
Poor prognosis if bladder ruptures
Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis
VIRAL disease of sheep and goats
Intensive dairy goat operations
Horizontal transmission (directly)
CAE-risk factors
Dairy goats>meat fiber goats
Genetics
Management practices
Colostrum and frequent intro to new animals on farm
CAE: clinical signs
Less than 6 months: encephalitis NEURO SIGNS AND PARALYSIS Adult: arthritis JOINT SWELLING LAMENESS WEIGHT LOSS PNEUMONIA HARD UDDER
CAE:diagnosis
Clinical signs and history
Necropsy
Serology
CAE: treatment and prevention
NO TREATMENT
Permanent isolation of kids at birth
Feed heated colostrum SND pasteurized milk
Serologic testing of the herd twice a year
Cull positives
Worms
Most frequent complaint against goats
Dead sheep in summer is from worms
Life cycle in three weeks
