Cow Diseases Flashcards
COD causes
Due to endocrine imbalance Disorder of GnRH release Improper timed LH surge Missing receptors for LH/FSH HIGH milk production Seasonality Nutrition Estrogenic feeds Heredity
COD: clinical signs
Nymphomania (not wanting sex)
Anestrus (no estrus)
COD:diagnosis
History
Rectal palpation
Ultrasound
COD:treatment
50% randomly resolve
GNRH
95% cure in 3 treatments
COD:preventing
Cull
Early re breeding
GnRH assure accurate diagnosis
Dystocia
1st or 2nd stage
Fetal oversize
Hypocalcemia
Failure of cervical dilation
Dystocia: prevention
Use low birth weight Bulls
Pelvic measurements
Good nutrition
Left Displaced Abomasum
LDA: risk factors
Hypocalcemia Endotoxemia Ketosis Birth of twins Space for the abomasum to wander in between ruman and body wall
LDA: clinical signs
Off feed (grain)
Falling milk production
Ping on left side
Normal vital signs
LDA: treatment
Cull Rolling plus a blind stitch Surgery Correct electrolyte imbalances Lets is
LDA: preventing
Gradual chain in grain levels early in milking period
TMR
CONTROL hypocalcemia (lower CA during dry period )
Other needed pretreatment
Milk fever
Acute non fever disease that occurs around calving
Affects high production cows who are generally order
Weakness in paresis
Milk fever: causes
Low blood calcium
Milk fever has a 2-7 mg/dL
Milk Fever stage 1
Loss of control Flank and loin trembles Restless Bellowing Will go to stage 2
Milk fever stage 2
Sternal, unable to stand, walk
Hypothermic
Depression
Smooth school paralysis
Milk Fever stage 3
Loss of consciousness to come Unable to remain sternal Unresponsive to stimuli Severe bloat Decrease cardiac output Death if untreated p
milk Fever: treatment
Increase serum calcium
Treat bloat
Milk fever: prevention
Towards end dry period, feed low calcium diets
Feed ammonium Chloride 100g/cow/day
Mastitis
Economic significance Affects milk composition and quality Public health Caused by bacteria entering in the test end Also in beef cows horses goats sheep
Mastitis: agent risk factors
Number of organisms
Frequency of exposure
Ability to resist milk out
Resistance to antibiotics
Mastitis: host risk factors
Diameter of teat end
Conformation of the Udder
Immunity of the gland
Mastitis: environmental risk factors
Milking machine function
Udder trauma
Sanitation
Mastitis: types
Contagious and environmental
Mastitis: contagious
Spreads during milking
Frequent clinical and sub clinical
High SCC
Mastitis: environmental
In cows environment
Spread anytime
Well managed herds with low SCC
Mastitis: clinical
Grossly abnormal milk
Signs in inflammation
Mastitis: sub clinical
Normal milk
Increased SCC
CMT
Mastitis: treatment
Antibiotics
NSAIDs
TLC
Mastitis: 5 point plan
Correctly using equipment Pre and post milking test disinfection Dry cow treatment Prompt and effective treatment of clinical cases Cull chronically infected cows
Johnes Disease
Diarrhea
Affects cattle worldwide
Contagious and generally fatal
Johnes Disease: mycobacterium para tuberculosis
Can survive in the soil for a year
Infected animals shed it in manure
Usually brought into herd by carrier
Most animals infected early in life
Johnes Disease: clinical presentation
Dairy cattle>beef cattle Older than 2 Chronic weight loss Diarrhea Aggressive appetite Low serum protein Lesions small intestine
Johnes Disease: diagnosis
blood testing low sensitivity and high specifically
Fecal culture but has false positives
PCR
no treatment
Johnes Disease: control
Only takes one to make the full herd positive Test all animals, cull positives Test all new entries Rear calves in isolation Regulated vaccine is available
Hardware Disease Dairy Cows
Non-discriminative eating habits
Common in dairy and feedlot cattle
Rare in small ruminants and llamas
Hardware Disease: clinical signs
Off feed Fever Decrease ruman contractions Cranial abdominal pain Decrease milk production Increase heart rate
Hardware disease: treatment
Depends on organ involved
Conservative
If no improvement: surgery
Hardware Disease: prevention
Eliminate source of feed
Prophylactic magnets
Bloat
Frothy bloat: legumes, lush pastures, finely ground grain
Free gas bloat: failure of eructation…vagus nerve damage
Bloat: clinical signs
Sudden death Mild bloat (distention upper left para lumbar fossa) Moderate bloat (more obvious distention, discomfort) Severe bloat (prominent distention, labored breathing )
Bloat: mild Treatment
Promote salivation
Orogastric tube: measure from tip of nose to elbow
Bloat: frothy bloat treatment
Anti foaming agents
Alfasure
Bloat: free gas treatment
Remove obstruction
Pass tube
Rumenotomy
Bloat: prevention
Stage of growth Forage choice Grazing management Drench or top-dressing Ionophores
Cystic Ovarian Disease
Anovulatory follicular structures greater than 25 mm
Causes 15-45 days after calving
50% spontaneously resolve
They are dynamic
