Horse Diseases Flashcards
Tuberculosis
Chronic infection from abscess
Vesicular Diseases
Chronic infection from abscess
Screwworm
Flys lay larva that eat flesh
Rabies
Skunk and raccoons
Fatal neuro disease
Zoonosis
Yearly booster
Rhinopneumonitis
Equine herpes virus types 1 4
Respiratory, neurological signs, and abortion
Extremely contagious
Vaccine does not protect vs neuro disease
Booster every six months
Pregnant mares: 5,7,9 months of gestation with killed vaccine
Strangles
Young horses
Swollen lymphnodes, fever, respiratory signs
Intranasal vaccine every six to year
Tetanus
Anaerobic gram positive bacteria
In soil and feces
Produces spores
Horses and humans>ruminants>dogs>cats>birds
Tetanus clinical signs
Locked jaw
Seesaw stance
Mortality
Tetanus risk factors
Contaminated wounds…castration, punctured, work involved cattle
Non vaccinated horses
Tetanus treatment
Penicillin
Wound care
Equine Infectious Anemia
Severe fatal retrovirus disease
Transmitted by horse flies or deer flies
EIA risk factors
Summer with horse flies and deer flies
Contact with carrier horse less than 200 yds away
Infected does not mean infectious
EIA clinical SIGNS
Fever Lathargy Anemia Chronic weight loss Chronic swelling Severe anemia Death
EIA diagnosis
Clinical signs and history
Coggins test
EIA control
Life long isolation
Euthanasia
All equine premises require a negative cogging test yearly
Control of biting flies
Potomac Horse Fever
Associated with water loving insects
Non infectious among horses
PHF risk factors
Seasonal trend: late spring early fall
Barn with night lights
Access to bodies of water
Non vaccinated horses
PHF clinical signs
Non specific: fever, lethargy Diarrhea and dehydration Endotoxemia Abortion Laminitis Death
PHF diagnosis
Blood work: low WBC count, paired serum titers, PCR or IFA in blood
PHF treatment
Oxytertracycline IV
Assess dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, control fever
Prevent laminitis
PHF vaccination
Only covers one strain
Vaccinate six months to a year
No protection against abortion
Equine Protozoal Myeloemcephalitis
From opposim feces
Neurological disease
Horse is not infectious
EPM clinical signs
Lameness
Neurological
EPM diagnosis
Neurological exam
Radiograph of neck
Necropsy
EPM Treatment
Anti Protozoal
Anti inflammatory
Physical rehab
EPM control
Control opossum
Cover feed
Remove carcass immediately
No vaccine
West Nile Virus
Transmitted by Mosquitos
Neurological disease
Birds are the host
Humans and horses are not infectious
WNV clinical signs
Paralysis
Fever
WNV diagnosis
CSF and serum antibodies titers
Measurement of IgM for acute infection
WNV treatment
Antimicrobials until diagnosis is confirmed
IV fluids, anti inflammatorys, sling ,physical rehab
WNV CONTROL
Vaccinate every 6 months
Control Mosquitos
Stay away from water
Clean a lot
WNV vaccination
Prior to mosquito season
fort dodge or Pfizer
Canarypox
Colic
Abdominal pain
Could be caused from inflammation
Digestive problems
Colic risk factors
Dental problems Diet changed Parasitism Previous colic Transportation Parturition Location on farm Stress
Colic: foals
GI ulcers Lactose imbalance Hernias Mechanism impaction Atresia coli White foal syndrome
Colic-weanling
Ascarid impaction
Changes in diet
Colic-middle aged
Dental problems and parasitism
Changes in diet
Type of soil
Colic:older horses
Dental
Pedunculated lipoma
Colic: males
Inguinal hernias
Standarbreds
Saddlebreds
Testicular torsion
Colic: females
Displacement after parturition
Uterine tension
Uterine infection
Colic:pain
Perception of pain by brain stem and cerebrum
Tolerance varies
Transmission
Colic: clinical signs
Restless
Circling in stall
Colic: concurrent disease
Eye related problems
Ortho
Laminitis
Colic: mechanisms
Distention: overstretched in gut wall Spasms in GI motility ulcers in stomach Displacement of viscera and tension on MESENTARY Ischemia Peritonitis
Colic: basic work up
Attitude temperature heart beat respiratory
Nasogastric tube if heart rate is greater than 60
Recital exam
Colic: deep work up
Blood work: PCV, TS for hydration, WBC, chemistry
Ultrasound, gastroscopy
Peritoneal fluid collection
Exploratory surgery
Colic management
Stabilize patient with hydration, control pain, prevent laminitis
Colic prevention
Dental care No changes in diet Fresh water Regular deworming Monitor Fecal production Avoid sand bedding Regular exercise Safe storage of feed
Brucellosis
Abortion in cows
