Small Intestine Absorption

Question 1

Function of plicae in small intestine

Answer 1

slow food movement through

Question 2

Carbohydrates need to be in this form to enter enterocyte

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

How to protect brush border hydrolases in small intestine

Answer 3

heavily glycocylated

protect from proteases

Question 4

Lactose intolerance pathophys

Answer 4

bacteria in large intestine ferment lactose

⇒ gas + lactic acid

⇒ water enters lumen → diarrhea

Question 5

SGLT1 function

Answer 5

glucose and galactose transporter

secondary active transport

in enterocytes

Question 6

GLUT5 function

Answer 6

fructose transporter

facilitated transport

in enterocytes

Question 7

Trypsinogen

from where

activated how

Answer 7

trypinogen

pancreas

activated via enteropeptidase

Question 8

Protease secreted by liver

Answer 8

trypsinogen

activated by enteropeptidase

endopeptidase

Question 9

Where are proteins broken down to single aa

Answer 9

brush border enzymes

Question 10

Proteases

Answer 10

pepsin

trypsin

brush border enzymes

Question 11

AA absorbed how

Answer 11

secondary active transport via Na+

Question 12

PEPT1

Answer 12

cotransport peptides (small chains of aa) w/ H+

cytosolic digestion

aa at basolateral surface

Question 13

3 basic ways of absorbing protein

Answer 13

single aa via 2˚ active transport

peptides via H+ cotransporter

endocytic abosorption (infants, passive immunity)

Question 14

Hartnup disease

Answer 14

Phe transporter deficiency

can still be transporterd via linked with other aa

Question 15

PEPT1 used for

Answer 15

Phe

and cephalosporin/other drugs transport

Question 16

GLUT 2

Answer 16

moves glucose across basolateral surface

Question 17

Lipid enzymes

Answer 17

salivary lipase

gastric lipase (important in infants and persons with pancreatic insufficiency)

Question 18

FA reach duodenum

next

Answer 18

release of CCK

⇒ activate pancreatic acinar secretion of lipase and procolipase

Question 19

Function of colipase

Answer 19

essential for keeping lipase active when bile is present

bile inactivates pancreatic lipase

Question 20

Activator of procolipase

Answer 20

trypin

procolipase → colipase

Question 21

Cholesterol esterase

mechanism

Answer 21

hydrolyze 2 position of cholesterol

Question 22

Phospholipase A2

Answer 22

phospholipids → FA + lysophospholipids

Question 23

Orlistat

mechanism

Answer 23

pancreatic lipase inhibitor

weight loss

Question 24

Basic bile mechanism

Answer 24

one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic end

Question 25

Intrinsic factor

where it comes from

where it goes

Answer 25

from: parietal cells
goes: ileum

Question 26

Can decrease intrinsic factor-B12 absorption

Answer 26

removal of ileum

metformin can mess with uptake mechanism