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Alimentary Canal > Small intestine > Flashcards

Small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? (give their Latin names too)

A

Duodenum (L. duocecem)
Jejunum (L. jejunus)
Ileum (L. ileum)

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2
Q

What does the small intestine sit partially behind?

What is the name for this situation?

A

the peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane

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4
Q

What is the function of the peritoneum?

A

Covers and lines abdominal organs, holding everything in place

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5
Q

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum?

A

-Mesothelium. -Connective tissue.

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6
Q

What is the outer layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

What is the layer of peritoneum that wraps around the internal abdominal organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

What is mesentery?

A

Double fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall

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9
Q

What is omentum?

A

A fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach to connect it to other organs

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10
Q

How does the omentum minimise infection?

A

It wraps around areas of pathology to isolate it

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11
Q

What is the mix of acid/food/mucus in the stomach called?

A

Chyme

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12
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

12cm

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13
Q

What are Brunner’s Glands? Where are they found?

A

Glands in the duodenum. They produce alkaline secretions which neutralise HCl from the stomach.

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14
Q

What is another names for the common bile duct?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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15
Q

What is the sphincter of Oddi?

A

A muscular valve in the duodenum that controls the flow of pancreatic juices and bile from the pancreas into the small intestine

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16
Q

What is the opening of the common bile duct into the duodenum called?

A

The Major Duodenal Papilla

17
Q

What is the Minor Duodenal Papilla?

A

The opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the descending duodenum

18
Q

Where does the duodenum end?

A

The duodenojejunal junction

19
Q

What hormone is released when chyme enters the duodenum?

A

Cholecystokinin

20
Q

What is the action of cholecystokinin?

A

Causes contraction of Gallbladder and release of bile

21
Q

In structural order, what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A
  • Superior
  • Descending
  • Inferior
  • Ascending
22
Q

What part of the duodenum sits in-front of the inferior vena cava?

A

Descending

23
Q

What part of the duodenum sits behind the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Inferior

24
Q

What are the 2 arteries that supply the duodenum?

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

25
Q

Where does the SUPERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery branch from?

A

The coeliac trunk

26
Q

Where does the INFERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery branch from?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

27
Q

What is the border between the duodenum and the jejunum?

A

Duodenojejunal flexure

28
Q

What separates the small and large intestine?

A

Ileocaecal valve/junction

29
Q

Where does the Submucous plexus lie?

A

Within the submucosa of the intestinal wall

30
Q

What is the major nerve supply to the GIT?

A

The Myenteric plexus

31
Q

What are the transverse fold on the small intestine surface called?

A

Plicae circulares

32
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

Where are they found?

What is their function?

A

Small groups of inflammatory cells (lymphatic tissue)

Found in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum in the small intestine

Immune function - prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine

33
Q

What is the intestinal disease that causes an extension of the small intestine?

What rule does it have?

A

Merkel’s diverticulum

Rule of 2/s:
-2 feet from ileocaecal valve, 2% of population have it

Alimentary Canal (10 decks)

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