Small intestine

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? (give their Latin names too)

Answer 1

Duodenum (L. duocecem)
Jejunum (L. jejunus)
Ileum (L. ileum)

Question 2

What does the small intestine sit partially behind?

What is the name for this situation?

Answer 2

the peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

Question 3

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 3

Serous membrane

Question 4

What is the function of the peritoneum?

Answer 4

Covers and lines abdominal organs, holding everything in place

Question 5

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 5

-Mesothelium. -Connective tissue.

Question 6

What is the outer layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall?

Answer 6

Parietal peritoneum

Question 7

What is the layer of peritoneum that wraps around the internal abdominal organs?

Answer 7

Visceral peritoneum

Question 8

What is mesentery?

Answer 8

Double fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall

Question 9

What is omentum?

Answer 9

A fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach to connect it to other organs

Question 10

How does the omentum minimise infection?

Answer 10

It wraps around areas of pathology to isolate it

Question 11

What is the mix of acid/food/mucus in the stomach called?

Answer 11

Chyme

Question 12

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 12

12cm

Question 13

What are Brunner’s Glands? Where are they found?

Answer 13

Glands in the duodenum. They produce alkaline secretions which neutralise HCl from the stomach.

Question 14

What is another names for the common bile duct?

Answer 14

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 15

What is the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 15

A muscular valve in the duodenum that controls the flow of pancreatic juices and bile from the pancreas into the small intestine

Question 16

What is the opening of the common bile duct into the duodenum called?

Answer 16

The Major Duodenal Papilla

Question 17

What is the Minor Duodenal Papilla?

Answer 17

The opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the descending duodenum

Question 18

Where does the duodenum end?

Answer 18

The duodenojejunal junction

Question 19

What hormone is released when chyme enters the duodenum?

Answer 19

Cholecystokinin

Question 20

What is the action of cholecystokinin?

Answer 20

Causes contraction of Gallbladder and release of bile

Question 21

In structural order, what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

Answer 21

• Superior
• Descending
• Inferior
• Ascending

Question 22

What part of the duodenum sits in-front of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 22

Descending

Question 23

What part of the duodenum sits behind the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 23

Inferior

Question 24

What are the 2 arteries that supply the duodenum?

Answer 24

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 25

Where does the SUPERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery branch from?

Answer 25

The coeliac trunk

Question 26

Where does the INFERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery branch from?

Answer 26

The superior mesenteric artery

Question 27

What is the border between the duodenum and the jejunum?

Answer 27

Duodenojejunal flexure

Question 28

What separates the small and large intestine?

Answer 28

Ileocaecal valve/junction

Question 29

Where does the Submucous plexus lie?

Answer 29

Within the submucosa of the intestinal wall

Question 30

What is the major nerve supply to the GIT?

Answer 30

The Myenteric plexus

Question 31

What are the transverse fold on the small intestine surface called?

Answer 31

Plicae circulares

Question 32

What are Peyer's patches? Where are they found? What is their function?

Answer 32

Small groups of inflammatory cells (lymphatic tissue) Found in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum in the small intestine Immune function - prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine

Question 33

What is the intestinal disease that causes an extension of the small intestine? What rule does it have?

Answer 33

Merkel's diverticulum Rule of 2/s: -2 feet from ileocaecal valve, 2% of population have it