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Alimentary Canal > Large intestine > Flashcards

Large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sharp turn to the liver called?

A

Hepatic flexure

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2
Q

What is the sharp turn around level of spleen called?

A

Splenic flexure

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3
Q

What are taenia coli and where are they found?

A

Pale bands of longitudinal muscle found on only one side of the large intestine

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4
Q

What are the pale bands of longitudinal muscle found on one side of the large intestine?

A

Taenia coli

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5
Q

What are the 3 main portions of the large intestine?

A

Caecum, Colon, and Rectum

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6
Q

What are the 4 sections of the colon?

A

Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid

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7
Q

What shape is the sigmoid portion of the colon?

A

S shape

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8
Q

What are haustra?

A

Bulges caused by circular muscle tightening

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9
Q

What are the pouches/buldges cause by circular muscle tightening?

A

Haustra

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10
Q

What is present in the small intestine but not in the large intestine?

A

Villi

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11
Q

What are the fatty tags in the large intestine called?

A

Appendices epiploicae

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12
Q

What are the 4 structural differences between the small intestine and large intestine?

A

Presence of:

  • Taenia coli
  • Haustra
  • Appendices epiploicae

Absence of:
-Villi

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13
Q

What sphincter in the rectum is involuntary?

A

Internal sphincter

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14
Q

What sphincter in the rectum is voluntary?

A

External sphincter

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15
Q

What is the ileo-caecal junction?

A

A fold of mucosa that allows chyme to pass from the small to large intestine. BUT NOT VICE VERSA

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16
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Fluid absorption

17
Q

What cell type is abundant in the large intestine and what is the function of its secretion?

A

Goblet cells.

Mucus acts as a lubricant.

18
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the large intestine?

A

Simple columnar

19
Q

Where does chyme enter the large intestine from?

A

Ileum

20
Q

What does the colon absorb from chyme?

A

Fluid and electrolytes

21
Q

What does failure in colon absorption result in?

A

Diarrhoea

22
Q

Approximately how much chyme enters the large intestine?

A

0.5 - 1 litre

23
Q

What is present in the large intestine responsible for making vitamins B and K?

A

Resident bacterial flora

24
Q

What vitamin plays a role in cell metabolism?

A

Vitamin B

25
Q

What vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A

Vitamin K

26
Q

What is vitamin K responsible for?

A

Blood clotting

27
Q

What area of the large intestine is prone to cancer if a change in epithelium occurs?

A

Recto-anal junction

28
Q

What side of the recto-anal junction is simple columnar epithelium present?

A

Rectum side

29
Q

What side of the recto-anal junction is stratified squamous epithelium present?

A

Anus side

30
Q

What are the 2 motility actions of the large intestine?

A

Peristalsis and mass movements

31
Q

Where is the primary site of mixing movements?

A

Caecum and ascending colon

32
Q

Where does peristalsis occur?

What happens during it?

A

The transverse and descending colon

Semi-solid faecal matter is moved towards the rectum

33
Q

When do mass movements usually occur? What is this reflex called?

A

After meals.

Gastro-colic reflex

34
Q

What is the purpose of mass movements?

A

To move chyme

35
Q

When does chyme turn into faeces during mass movements?

A

When its moves from the proximal colon to the distal colon

36
Q

What type of muscle is present in the external sphincter?

A

Striated muscle

37
Q

What anal sphincter has striated muscle?

A

External sphincter

38
Q

What muscle type is present in the rectum and internal anal sphincter?

What part of the nervous system are they controlled by?

A

Smooth muscle

Autonomic nervous system

39
Q

What can increased fluid absorption in the large intestine lead to?

A

Constipation

Alimentary Canal (10 decks)

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