Liver

Question 1

What form is glucose stored as?

Answer 1

Glycogen

Question 2

What protein maintains blood pressure?

Answer 2

Albumin

Question 3

What secretion does the liver produce that is responsible for fat digestion and where is it concentrated and stored?

Answer 3

Bile. Stored in gallbladder.

Question 4

How many lobes does the liver have?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Name the lobes of the liver.

Answer 5

Right, left, quadrate, and caudate

Question 6

What type of cells produce bile?

Answer 6

Hepatocytes (liver cells)

Question 7

Proteins produced by the liver are usually what type?

Answer 7

Carrier proteins

Question 8

What are 2 major functions of the liver?

Answer 8

Purification of blood.

Processing material absorbed from GIT.

Question 9

What is the ductus venosus?

Answer 9

An embryological remnant that forms the ligament that separates the lobes of the liver.

Question 10

Where does the liver sit?

Answer 10

Under the ribcage.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the ductus venosus?

Answer 11

To direct blood from the liver to heart in babies in utero.

Question 12

What is the common hepatic duct?

Answer 12

Where the hepatic ducts of the right and left lobes join.

Question 13

Describe the travel of bile from the liver to gallbladder via ducts.

Answer 13

-liver
>right and left hepatic ducts
>common hepatic duct
>gallbladder

Question 14

What duct does bile pass through to go into the duodenum?

Answer 14

Cystic duct.

Question 15

What is the function of bile in the duodenum?

Answer 15

Fat digestion.

Question 16

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 16

Drainage of blood from unpaired abdominal organs to liver.

Question 17

What supplies the liver with oxygenated blood?

Answer 17

Hepatic artery.

Question 18

What branch does the hepatic artery come from?

Answer 18

Coeliac trunk.

Question 19

What are the 3 components of the portal triad?

Answer 19

Hepatic artery, Portal vein, and Bile canaliculus.

Question 20

What shape are the arrangement of hepatocytes?

Answer 20

Hexagonal.

Question 21

What is on the corners of each hexagonal hepatocytes?

Answer 21

Portal triad.

Question 22

What colour does the liver stain and why?

Answer 22

Brown due to high density of iron and haemoglobin.

Question 23

How long can the liver store iron for?

Answer 23

6 months.

Question 24

What could cause hepatomegaly (big liver)?

Answer 24

Tumour, inflammation, or blockage.

Question 25

What causes obstructive jaundice?

Answer 25

Lesion on liver which leads to blockage in biliary system, causing back flow of bile into bloodstream.

Question 26

What is the function of the hepatic vein?

Answer 26

Drains deoxygenated blood from liver back to the heart via the vena cava.

Question 27

What are sinusoids?

Answer 27

Specialised filter channels that deliver blood from hepatic artery and portal vein to the central veins.

Question 28

What is the abbreviation for the scope that allows biliary obstruction to be seen?

Answer 28

ERCP.

Question 29

Bile contains lipid emulsifiers called what? What is their function?

Answer 29

Bile salts. Breakdown of fat.

Question 30

What are the waste products contained in bile called?

Answer 30

Bilirubin.

Question 31

Where do sinusoids drain to?

Answer 31

The hepatic vein.

Question 32

Does bile drain towards or away from the liver?

Answer 32

Away from.

Question 33

What are the 2 components of bile?

Answer 33

Bile salts (lipid emulsifiers)

Bilirubin (waste products)