Blood

Question 1

What do albumins maintain?

Answer 1

Oncotic pressure

Question 2

What does oncotic pressure do?

Answer 2

Pulls water into the circulatory system

Question 3

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 3

An inactive component in blood that is key for blood clotting

Question 4

What is the active form of fibrinogen?

Answer 4

Fibrin

Question 5

What 2 functions do globulins have?

Answer 5

Transportation and immune function

Question 6

What are the 4 types of plasma proteins?

Answer 6

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Regulatory proteins

Question 7

What are the 2 main components of blood?

Answer 7

Cells and plasma

Question 8

What shape are Red Blood Cells and what does it allow them to do?

Answer 8

Biconcave disk shape.

Allows them to expand and contract to diffuse through small blood vessels and capillaries.

Question 9

What is the life span of a RBC?

Answer 9

Approx 4 months

Question 10

Where are RBC’s formed?

Give 4 examples of locations within the body.

Answer 10

In red bone marrow.

Hip joints, sternum, skull cap, and thigh bone

Question 11

Where is the primary site of RBC breakdown?

Answer 11

The monocyte phagocytic system in the spleen

Question 12

What is hemolysis?

Answer 12

RBC’s that don’t function are broken down, pass into kidney’s and are secreted through the urine

Question 13

What are RBC’s broken down into?

Where do these 2 components go after?

Answer 13

Haem and amino acids

• Haem turns into bilirubin, and is excreted into bile and then faeces.
• Amino acids are taken back to bone marrow for the formation of new RBC’s

Question 14

What hormone is released when RBC count is low?

Answer 14

Erythropoeitin

Question 15

What organ triggers the release of erythropoietin and how?

Answer 15

Kidney detects a decrease in blood oxygen levels

Question 16

What enzyme allows carbon dioxide to be carried?

Answer 16

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 17

What are the 2 TYPES of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 18

Name the 3 types of granulocytes and give their functions, and description of their cell nuclei.

Answer 18

Neutrophils:

• give general immune response (inflammation and phagocytosis)
• Multinucleate

Basophils:

• blood clotting and inflammation (histamine release)
• Single, large nucleus

Eosinophil:

• Respond to parasitic infections
• Binucleate

Question 19

What type of white blood cells are more specific?

Answer 19

Agranulocytes

Question 20

Give 2 examples of agranulocytes and their functions.

Answer 20

Monocytes:
-present antigens to lymphocytes

Lymphocytes:
-produce T and B cells (B cells produce antibodies)